Contingency in innovation and the role of national systems: taxol and taxotère in the USA and France |
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| Authors: | Vivien Walsh Muriel Le Roux |
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| Institution: | a Innovation Management, Institute of Innovation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
b Chargée de Recherche, CNRS-IHMC, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France |
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| Abstract: | A very rich collection of archival material is used to compare two anticancer drugs commercialised by multinationals collaborating with public sector research, one in the USA and one in France. The framework of national innovation systems is used to compare the innovative environments for each development (different institutional structures, research programmes, financing, industry-academic-government relationships, environmental concern, and intellectual property regimes). The empirical work was able to bring out the nuances and subtleties of each environment, the way in which innovation took place in practice, and some striking differences from what stereotypical accounts of innovation in each country would have suggested. |
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| Keywords: | National innovation system Taxol Pharmaceuticals USA France |
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