Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among US children |
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| Institution: | 1. Program in Public Health, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York;2. Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York;3. Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York;4. Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;5. Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among children in the United States and to examine the relationship between child and family characteristics and the likelihood of reported exposure to ACEs.MethodsData were drawn from the nationally representative 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH). Parent-reported child ACE exposure was measured using counts of those reporting zero ACEs, one to three ACEs, and four or more ACEs.ResultsThe study sample included 45,287 children. The most prevalent types of ACE exposure experienced by children were economic hardship (22.5%) and parent or guardian divorce or separation (21.9%). Older children (34.7%), Non-Hispanic African American children (34.7%), children with special health care needs (SHCN; 36.3%), children living in poverty (37.2%), and children living in rural areas (30.5%) were more likely to be exposed to parental divorce or separation than their counterparts. Five cross-cutting factors emerged as important across outcomes: child’s age, family structure, poverty, type of health insurance, and SHCN status.ConclusionsWe found high prevalence rates of economic hardship on a national level. Our findings of higher prevalence among rural children further suggest the importance of the intersection of place and ACEs. Therefore, the geographic component of ACEs must be considered by policymakers. The identification of predictive factors related to high ACE exposure can inform early interventions at the national level. |
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| Keywords: | Child welfare Child maltreatment Public health Trauma |
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