Patterns of adversity and pathways to health among White,Black, and Latinx youth |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Division of General Pediatrics and Community Health, Children''s National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010, United States of America;2. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Children''s National Research Institute, Children''s National Hospital, 1 Inventa Place Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America;3. Center for Translational Science, Children''s Research Institute, 1 Inventa Place Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America;4. School of Social Work, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Tate-Turner-Kuralt Building 548-K, 325 Pittsboro Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America |
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| Abstract: | Research has demonstrated the negative impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on long-term trajectories of mental and physical health. Yet existing literature on this topic is limited in its understanding of outcomes among youth samples, optimal measurement items and methods, and differences in adverse experiences across race/ethnicity. The current study used a person-centered approach to measure ACEs and their impact on youth health outcomes across three different racial/ethnic groups from a large national database. Patterns of exposure to adverse experiences among Black, Latinx, and White youth (N = 30,668, ages 12–17) were determined empirically using latent class analysis (LCA). Significant differences in class membership by demographic indicators (age, household income, sex) and concurrent health outcomes were identified. Different models emerged for Black (2 classes), Latinx (3 classes), and White youth (3 classes). Older and lower-income youth were more likely to have experienced adversities, but there were no differences in adversity likelihood by sex. Additionally, racial/ethnic minority youth were at greater risk of experiencing higher levels of adversity, poverty, and poor health when compared to their White counterparts. Rather than occuring in meaningful clusters, adverse experiences among youth reflected a cumulative risk model such that classes were defined by the overall intensity of adverse experiences (i.e., low, moderate, high). Findings provide greater knowledge regarding the relationship between ACEs and health and future research directions to inform more targeted and culturally-appropriate screening, prevention, and intervention programs. |
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| Keywords: | Adverse childhood experiences Latent class analysis Racial/ethnic minority Cumulative risk Child health Health disparities National Survey of Children’s Health |
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