| 幼儿教育中“项目活动”与“STEM教育”的区别 |
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| 引用本文： | 华红艳.幼儿教育中“项目活动”与“STEM教育”的区别[J].教育与教学研究,2020(1):20-33. |
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| 作者姓名： | 华红艳 |
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| 作者单位： | 常熟理工学院人文学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 2018年度江苏高校哲学社会科学研究基金项目“幼儿园STEM教育的意义与实践路径研究”（编号：2018SJA1392） |
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| 摘 要： | 早期STEM教育是近年来继项目活动后出现在学前教育领域的一种新的教育形态。STEM教育与项目活动非常类似,两者都是基于问题的学习,都有助于培养幼儿解决问题的能力;但同时两者在其价值取向、整合方式、探究内容、对幼儿个性化发展的促进以及教师的角色与作用等方面也有着明显的区别。项目活动更多看重的是教育的个人发展功能,而STEM教育更多追求的是教育的工具价值;项目活动是一种跨越学科领域的、大范围的整合,STEM教育则是一种围绕同类型学科的、小范围的整合;项目活动以幼儿的兴趣为出发点,探究的内容往往极为丰富多彩,基本上可以囊括幼儿生活的全部,而STEM教育主要集中在幼儿对周围物质世界的探究方面,其内容主要涉及到"物理知识"及"逻辑数理知识"两个方面;项目活动能满足所有幼儿的个性化发展需要,故而能促进所有幼儿的适宜性发展,而STEM教育则相对只能更好地满足某些特定学习风格(场独立型)的幼儿的个性化发展需要;在项目活动中,教师的"引导"作用更多地表现在对幼儿已有兴趣的合理引导,在STEM教育活动中教师的"引导"既有对幼儿已有兴趣的"引导",更有对兴趣的"引发",带有一定的"外烁论"的痕迹。厘清这些差异,有助于幼儿园教师提升相关教育理念,从而更好地开展这两种教育活动。
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| 关 键 词： | 幼儿教育 项目活动 STEM教育 |
The Differences between "Project Activities" and "STEM Education" in Preschool Education |
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| HUA Hongyan.The Differences between "Project Activities" and "STEM Education" in Preschool Education[J].Journal of Chengdu University(Educational Sciences Edition),2020(1):20-33. |
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| Authors: | HUA Hongyan |
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| Institution: | (School of Humanities,Changshu Institute of Technology,Changshu,Jiangsu,215500,China) |
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| Abstract: | STEM education in preschool education is one of the new educational forms following project activities in preschool education in recent years.STEM education is similar to project activities.Specifically,both are problem-based learning,and both can contribute to fostering children’s ability to solve problems.But at the same time,both in their value orientation,the way of integration,the inquiry content,the promotion of the children ’s individual development and the role of the teacher also have a distinct difference.The project activities pay more attention to the personal development function of education,while the STEM education pursues the instrumental value of education more;the project activities are a kind of interdisciplinary and large-scale integration,and the STEM education is a kind of small-scale integration around the same type of discipline;the project activities take the interest of children as the starting point,and the contents of inquiry are often very rich,which can basically include the whole life of children,and while STEM education mainly focuses on the exploration of the surrounding material world of children,and its content mainly involves two aspects:"physical knowledge " and"logical mathematical knowledge";the project activities can meet the individualized development needs of all children,so they can promote the appropriate development of all children,while STEM education can only better meet the personalized development needs of the children with some specific learning styles(like field independent type);in project activities,teachers’ guidance is more manifested in the reasonable guidance of the interest children already have,while in STEM education activities,teachers’ guidance is manifested not only in the guidance of the interest children already have,but also in the guidance of initiating their interest.Clarifying these differences can help preschool teachers promote their educational concepts so as to better carry out these two kinds of educational activities. |
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| Keywords: | Preschool education project activities STEM education |
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