| 教育与洒扫的千秋之变——最简单的劳动教育形式及其应注意的问题 |
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| 引用本文： | 张礼永.教育与洒扫的千秋之变——最简单的劳动教育形式及其应注意的问题[J].全球教育展望,2020,49(6):15-28. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张礼永 |
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| 作者单位： | 华东师范大学教育学部 上海 200062 |
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| 基金项目： | 本文系中央高校基本科研业务费项目华东师范大学青年预研究项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 中国先民早就知晓了洒扫对于生活的重要性,子夏等人认为它在教育上别有价值,然孔门内部对此也有分歧。千载之后的二程与朱熹持调和论,指出"自洒扫应对上,便可到圣人事",解决了纷争。同时,朱熹将其写入学规,成为不少私塾的教育内容,奠定了后八百年的基调。新式教育制度兴起之后,时贤除了注重其在道德上的功用之外,还以卫生的视角来重新审视,觉其有可改进之处。中华人民共和国成立以后,基于培养新型劳动者的需要,洒扫亦得到了充分的重视,在小学语文教科书中一直占有一席之地,可惜最新的"统编本"有所弱化。在今日,洒扫可以衔接家务劳动与校务劳动,让学生形成良好的卫生习惯,养成尊重劳动者的意识,育成刻苦勤劳的美德,只是训练方面需要得法。
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| 关 键 词： | 洒扫 卫生 劳动 教育 道德 |
The Changes of Education and Sweeping between Millennia |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Liyong |
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| Institution: | (Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200062,China) |
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| Abstract: | The Chinese ancestors grasped the importance of sweeping on life very early.Having realized its unique training value for children,Zixia and others included sweeping in the education system,while there was also disagreement within the Confucian school.After a thousand years,Cheng brothers and Zhuxi hold the theory of reconciliation,which pointed out that"Learn how to clean the courtyard and deal with people or things are the foundation of becoming a saint"and resolved the dispute.At the same time,Zhu Xi wrote it into the academic rules,being reflected in a lot of private schools’education content,which laid the foundation for the following 800 years.After the rise of the new education system,in addition to paying attention to its moral function,savants at that time re-examined it from the perspective of hygiene.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,in light of the need of cultivating new types of workers,sweeping had also received full attention,playing a role in the language textbooks of primary schools.Unfortunately,it has been weakened in the latest"National unified compilation of textbooks".Nowadays,the sweeping education connects with housework and school work,helps students form good hygiene habits,adopts a sense of respect for workers,and develops the virtues of hard work.Regardless of the advantages of the sweeping education,we need to work on the training method. |
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| Keywords: | sweeping hygiene labor education morality |
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