| 黔西北诸语言（方言）内部规则结构比较研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 张永斌.黔西北诸语言（方言）内部规则结构比较研究[J].毕节学院学报,2016(3):119-127. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张永斌 |
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| 作者单位： | 贵州工程应用技术学院人文学院,贵州 毕节,551700 |
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| 基金项目： | 2015年度国家社会科学基金西部项目“中国新发现濒危语言蔡家话参考语法研究”，项目编号15XYY023；贵州省教育厅2009年度高校人文社会科学研究青年项目“民族杂居地区语言生态与语言生活和谐研究”，项目编号09QN33。 |
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| 摘 要： | 语言的内部生态系统由语音结构、词汇结构和句法结构（包括语义结构）组成，这些结构相互作用，相互协同，推动了语言系统的发展变化。黔西北境内诸语言（方言）以汉藏语系语言居多，其音节都可以分析为声母、韵母、声调三部分；主要语言（方言）都属于“分析语”，词分为单纯词与合成词，其中词根以单音节的为主，多音节的单纯词很少，且绝大多数音节都有意义；句子结构中，修饰语素的位置和句子成分的语序因语言（方言）不同而有所异同；由于实词词形变化不丰富，各语言（方言）主要通过词序和虚词来表达语法意义，且语义除按一定的规则整合之外，又打破常有规则，生成一些新的规则形式。
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| 关 键 词： | 黔西北 语言(方言) 语音结构 词汇结构 句法结构 |
Comparative Study on Internal Structure Rules of Languages (or Dialects) in Northwest Guizhou |
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| Abstract: | Language is an ecological systems, which is made up of its internal phonetic structure,lexical structure and syntactical (including semantic) structure. The interaction and cooperation of these structures are promoting the development and evolution of the language system. Most languages (or dialects) in Northwest Guizhou belong to Sino—Tibetan language family, whose syllables can be analyzed into consonants, vowels and tones,and words formation can be classified into simple words and compound words.The roots are mainly single syllable morphemes, and multiple syllable simple words are rarely found ie vocabularies.Most syllables have their own meanings, and the main languages (er dialects) belong to the analytic languages.In sentence structures,the position of monifying morphemes and the order of sentence elements share similarities and differences between different languages (or dialects).There exist rare inflections notion al words in the main languages (or dialects) and using of word order and function words are main means to express the grammatical meanings. On one hand, the meanings are integrated with some rules,and on the other hand, the old structure rules are broken to form new rules. |
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| Keywords: | Northwest Guizhou Languages (or Dialects) Phonetic Structure Lexical Structure Syntacti-cal Structure |
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