An analysis of the evolution of science-technology linkage in biomedicine |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute for Advanced Social Studies (IESA-CSIC), Córdoba, Spain;2. Joint Research Unit Knowledge Transfer and Innovation, (UCO-CSIC), Córdoba, Spain;1. Department of Economics, Universidad Nacional del Sur—INMABB, CONICET, San Andrés 800, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina;2. University of Queensland, School of Economics, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;1. Department of Economics, University of Piraeus, Karaoli & Dimitriou 80, Piraeus 18534, Greece;2. Athens University of Economics and Business, 76 Patission St., Athens 10434, Greece;3. SERC, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, WC2A 2AE, London, UK;1. Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore;2. School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore;3. School of Art, Design and Media, Nanyang Technological University, 81 Nanyang Dr, 637458, Singapore;4. Complexity Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore;1. College of Economics and Management, Research Base of Beijing Modern Manufacturing Development, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China;2. Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China;3. Institute of Medical Information, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing, China |
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| Abstract: | Demonstrating the practical value of public research has been an important subject in science policy. Here we present a detailed study on the evolution of the citation linkage between life science related patents and biomedical research over a 37-year period. Our analysis relies on a newly-created dataset that systematically links millions of non-patent references to biomedical papers. We find a large disparity in the volume of citations to science among technology sectors, with biotechnology and drug patents dominating it. The linkage has been growing exponentially over a long period of time, doubling every 2.9 years. The U.S. has been the largest producer of cited science for years, receiving nearly half of the citations. More than half of citations goes to universities. We use a new paper-level indicator to quantify to what extent a paper is basic research or clinical medicine. We find that the cited papers are likely to be basic research, yet a significant portion of papers cited in patents that are related to FDA-approved drugs are clinical research. The U.S. National Institute of Health continues to be an important funder of cited science. For the majority of companies, more than half of citations in their patents are authored by public research. Taken together, these results indicate a continuous linkage of public science to private sector inventions. |
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| Keywords: | Patent-to-paper citation Non-patent reference Science-technology interaction Biomedical research Public science |
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