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1.
The following article deals with the different images of modern biotechnology created by the German press in the last decade of the twentieth century. To describe these images we have chosen the theoretical concept of framing, which in general denotes the idea that the media deal with certain issues in different ways and that therefore the coverage offers different perspectives to the reader. We understand a frame as a certain pattern of a text that is composed of several different text elements. We assume that some of these text elements group together systematically in a specific way, thereby forming a certain pattern that can be identified across several texts in a sample. These patterns we call frames. By means of cluster analysis we are able to identify not only predefined but also newly emerging frames and the way framing of an issue changes over time. This methodological approach allows us to give a dynamic overview of how the German press dealt with biotechnology in the early and late nineties. 相似文献
2.
Framing and sources: a study of mass media coverage of climate change in Peru during the V ALCUE 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Takahashi B 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2011,20(4):543-557
Studies about mass media framing have found divergent levels of influence on public opinion; moreover, the evidence suggests that issue attributes can contribute to this difference. In the case of climate change, studies have focused exclusively on developed countries, suggesting that media influence perceptions about the issue. This study presents one of the first studies of media coverage in a developing country. It examines newspapers' reporting in Peru during the Fifth Latin America, Caribbean and European Union Summit in May 2008. The study focuses on the frames and the sources to provide an initial exploratory assessment of the coverage. The results show that the media relied mostly on government sources, giving limited access to dissenting voices such as environmentalists. Additionally, a prominence of "solutions" and "effects" frames was found, while "policy" and "science" frames were limited. The results could serve as a reference point for more comprehensive studies. 相似文献
3.
The intensification of online disclosure of personal information, coupled with the ability to link personal information to those who disclose it, poses important questions regarding the benefits and risks associated with sharing of personal data. This article examines the manifestation of these concerns in news media. Guided by framing theory, it seeks to ascertain the prevailing frames for personal information sharing and to determine whether such framing facilitates debate on issues related to self-disclosure. Articles published in top Israeli online newspapers were analyzed (n = 609). Findings show that the individual user, the state, and corporations are framed as key actors that shape online self-disclosure practices and their outcomes. Furthermore, the individual user, while portrayed as chief actor, is seen as the weakest player. 相似文献
4.
Hellsten I Dawson J Leydesdorff L 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2010,19(5):590-608
The framing of issues in the mass media plays a crucial role in the public understanding of science and technology. This article contributes to research concerned with the analysis of media frames over time by making an analytical distinction between implicit and explicit media frames, and by introducing an automated method for the analysis of implicit frames. In particular, we apply a semantic maps method to a case study on the newspaper debate about artificial sweeteners, published in the New York Times between 1980 and 2006. Our results show that the analysis of semantic changes enables us to filter out the dynamics of implicit frames, and to detect emerging metaphors in public debates. Theoretically, we discuss the relation between implicit frames in public debates and the codification of meaning and information in scientific discourses, and suggest further avenues for research interested in the automated analysis of frame changes and trends in public debates. 相似文献
5.
To frame is to explain: a deductive frame-analysis of Dutch and French climate change coverage during the annual UN Conferences of the Parties 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study examines the way Dutch and French newspapers frame climate change during the annual United Nations Conferences of the Parties. The methods used in previous studies on the framing of climate change do not allow for general cross-national comparisons. We conduct a quantitative deductive framing analysis on 257 quality Dutch and French newspaper articles between 2001 and 2007. Both countries' newspapers seem to frame climate change through mainly the same lens. The majority of the articles make reference to the consequences of the (non-)pursuit of a certain course of action and of possible losses and gains (consequences frame). Additionally, many articles mention the need for urgent actions, refer to possible solutions and suggest that governments are responsible for and/or capable of alleviating climate change problems (responsibility frame). Finally, the conflict frame was found to be used less often than the aforementioned frames, but more regularly than the human interest frame. 相似文献
6.
Three frames for innovation policy: R&D,systems of innovation and transformative change 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Science, technology and innovation (STI) policy is shaped by persistent framings that arise from historical context. Two established frames are identified as co-existing and dominant in contemporary innovation policy discussions. The first frame is identified as beginning with a Post-World War II institutionalisation of government support for science and R&D with the presumption that this would contribute to growth and address market failure in private provision of new knowledge. The second frame emerged in the 1980s globalising world and its emphasis on competitiveness which is shaped by the national systems of innovation for knowledge creation and commercialisation. STI policy focuses on building links, clusters and networks, and on stimulating learning between elements in the systems, and enabling entrepreneurship. A third frame linked to contemporary social and environmental challenges such as the Sustainable Development Goals and calling for transformative change is identified and distinguished from the two earlier frames. Transformation refers to socio-technical system change as conceptualised in the sustainability transitions literature. The nature of this third framing is examined with the aim of identifying its key features and its potential for provoking a re-examination of the earlier two frames. One key feature is its focus on experimentation, and the argument that the Global South does not need to play catch-up to follow the transformation model of the Global North. It is argued that all three frames are relevant for policymaking, but exploring options for transformative innovation policy should be a priority. 相似文献
7.
《Research Policy》2022,51(3):104469
Strategic framing of a technology refers to activities that firms undertake to create favorable meaning for their technologies and foster their adoption. The success of such framing depends on the extent to which these technologies resonate with audiences within local settings. This paper examines how firms approach strategic framing activities to establish resonance in multiple local contexts when producing enabling technologies, i.e., novel technologies that address multiple and heterogeneous markets. Through a longitudinal case study of three companies that produce technologies to digitize smell and taste, this study offers a dynamic understanding of strategic framing by companies as they switch between different frames to establish resonance with audiences within and across markets. 相似文献
8.
The 'Book of Life' in the press: comparing German and Irish media discourse on human genome research
The essay compares German and Irish media coverage of human genome research in the year 2000, using qualitative and quantitative frame analysis of a print media corpus. Drawing from a media-theoretical account of science communication, the study examines four analytic dimensions: (1) the influence of global and national sources of discourse; (2) the nature of elaboration on important themes; (3) the extent of societal participation in discourse production; (4) the cultural conditions in which the discourse resonates. The analysis shows that a global discursive package, emphasizing claims of scientific achievement and medical progress, dominates media coverage in both countries. However, German coverage is more extensive and elaborate, and includes a wider range of participants. Irish coverage more often incorporates the global package without further elaboration. These finding indicate that the global package is 'localized' differently due to national patterns of interests, German participation in human genome research, traditions of media coverage, and the domestic resonance of the issue. 相似文献
9.
我国湖泊数量大、分布广、类型多,被认为是世界上湖泊生态类型最为丰富的国家之一。多样化的湖泊环境孕育了丰富的微生物多样性和资源,但迄今人们对其结构和功能尚知之甚少。通过大规模的湖泊微生物组分析和比较基因组研究,可揭示我国湖泊微生物多样性的分布规律、形成机理和维持机制,阐明典型湖泊微生物功能基因的组成,探索极端环境条件下湖泊微生物的适应机制,发现新的微生物功能和代谢途径,并通过比较不同环境条件下驱动地球元素循环的微生物功能基因组、环境转录组成和蛋白组,揭示微生物驱动湖泊生态系统中关键元素循环的过程、机制及其环境调控机理。这些研究结果的获得,将不仅有助于深入了解湖泊生态系统结构与功能,促进地球科学与生物学间的交叉与融合,推动学科持续发展,而且将为我国湖泊微生物资源的保护与可持续利用及湖泊生态环境的治理与保护提供科技支撑。 相似文献
10.
微生物入侵种具有极强的破坏性 ,包括我国在内的世界各国都因微生物外来种而遭受巨大损失。随着国际经济一体化的进程和生物技术的高速发展 ,微生物入侵和生物武器对人类健康、经济发展 ,乃至社会稳定和国家安全均构成严重威胁。我国目前的研究还不能为有效预防和控制微生物入侵提供足够的理论支持 ,防治工作仍停留在一般性的检疫和简单的措施上。因此 ,加强微生物入侵种和生物武器的研究与防治工作 ,建立外来种的预警系统及监控网络以及强化管理和监督具有非常重要的意义 相似文献
11.
近年来,冰冻圈微生物的研究受到广泛重视。冰冻圈的低温和严酷的生存条件,选择了具有独特适应性和多样性的微生物,这些微生物是地球生命系统和生物多样性的独特组分。冰冻圈微生物大多为冷适应微生物;其中,有许多新微生物类群,是极其重要的物种和基因资源。嗜冷微生物是揭示生物冷适应机制的模式生物,其细胞及细胞组分在低温生物工艺上显示出巨大的应用价值。冰冻圈中也封存着一些古老的未知致病性微生物。冰冻圈是地球上对气候变化最为敏感的圈层,地球的升温正加速冰冻圈的退化和消融,冰冻圈微生物赖以生存的生境正在消失,且伴随着微生物的释放。这些微生物的释放可能是人类面临的不可预知的威胁。因此,亟待开展冰冻圈微生物调查与研究,探讨其对全球变化的响应及其适应机制。 相似文献
12.
Two cases of missing children in Portugal (Joana and Maddie) have recently highlighted the dilemmas and contingencies associated with the technology of "genetic fingerprinting" for forensic purposes in the context of criminal investigations. The purpose of this article is to analyze the popular press's discourses and representations around forensic genetics in the context of those two highly mediatized criminal investigation cases. The symbolical construction and representation of forensic genetics by the media presents a form of public exposure to beliefs on forensic genetics' characteristics and potential. These are blended with popular cultural contexts that are constructed with reference to images of a super-science which may carry consequences in the public understanding of forensic science. The media coverage of both cases and their actual disclosure resembles the patterns ofa CSI effect, insofar as real science's capabilities and limitations are placed against fictionalized representations of forensic science. 相似文献
13.
Höijer B 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2010,19(6):717-731
Using the framework of social representations theory--more precisely the concepts of anchoring and objectification--this article analyses the emotions on which the media reporting on climate change draws. Emotions are thereby regarded as discursive phenomena. A qualitative analysis of two series in Swedish media on climate change, one in a tabloid newspaper and one in public service television news, is presented showing how the verbal and visual representations are attached to emotions of fear, hope, guilt, compassion and nostalgia. It is further argued that emotional representations of climate change may on the one hand enhance public engagement in the issue, but on the other hand may draw attention away from climate change as the abstract, long-term phenomenon of a statistical character that it is. 相似文献
14.
Wagner-Egger P Bangerter A Gilles I Green E Rigaud D Krings F Staerklé C Clémence A 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2011,20(4):461-476
Lay perceptions of collectives (e.g., groups, organizations, countries) implicated in the 2009 H1N1 outbreak were studied. Collectives serve symbolic functions to help laypersons make sense of the uncertainty involved in a disease outbreak. We argue that lay representations are dramatized, featuring characters like heroes, villains and victims. In interviews conducted soon after the outbreak, 47 Swiss respondents discussed the risk posed by H1N1, its origins and effects, and protective measures. Countries were the most frequent collectives mentioned. Poor, underdeveloped countries were depicted as victims, albeit ambivalently, as they were viewed as partly responsible for their own plight. Experts (physicians, researchers) and political and health authorities were depicted as heroes. Two villains emerged: the media (viewed as fear mongering or as a puppet serving powerful interests) and private corporations (e.g., the pharmaceutical industry). Laypersons' framing of disease threat diverges substantially from official perspectives. 相似文献
15.
FrameNet的语义类型主要用于对框架、框架元素和词元所指称的事物或现象进行概念层面的分类.文章主要通过分析各种框架关系中框架间框架元素的映射,研究了框架元素的语义本体类型的关系,发现对应的框架元素存在着语义类型相同或者语义等级关系,并以FrameNet的具体框架为例进行了论证说明. 相似文献
16.
新闻媒体报道对管理层代理行为的影响存在压力效应和声誉效应两种机制。然而,现有关于媒体报道与研发投资关系的研究表明,媒体报道主要通过压力效应减少研发投资。本文以2010年实施的《中央企业负责人经营业绩考核暂行办法》（即经济增加值考核）为自然实验,采用差分法进行检验,发现相对于不受此项制度影响的非央企,央企实行经济增加值考核后,由于经理人的短期业绩压力减少,媒体报道的声誉效应开始凸显,媒体报道对研发投资的影响由考核前的显著负相关变为考核后的显著正相关;央企EVA考核带来的媒体声誉效应在市场化程度更高的地区更明显。这一结果一方面有助于从激励机制的视角深入媒体报道影响公司治理的研究,另一方面有助于从媒体这一外部治理机制的视角丰富高管激励经济后果的研究。 相似文献
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18.
文章分析了国际土壤微生物组的研究现状和发展趋势,阐述了土壤微生物组研究的前沿科学问题,综述了中国土壤微生物组的主要科研进展,提出了中国土壤微生物组研究的机遇和挑战,探讨了土壤-微生物系统功能及其调控所需的主要技术手段与能力建设,期望通过"土壤-微生物系统功能及其调控"中科院战略性先导科技专项研究,为深度发掘土壤微生物组资源,定向调控土壤微生物组功能,解决我国经济社会发展面临的生态环境、农业生产及资源瓶颈等问题起到应有的贡献。 相似文献
19.
基于参照依赖和信息反馈理论,探讨了反馈信息框架对大学生节电意愿的影响,并探究了反馈媒介和反馈频率对反馈信息框架影响大学生节电意愿的调节机制.通过实验发现:①反馈信息框架对于大学生节能意愿的主效应显著,且他人参照框架比自我参照框架更能促进大学生节能意愿;②反馈媒介对参照依赖的反馈信息框架影响大学生节能意愿有显著的调节作用,当反馈媒介为手机短信时,他人参照的反馈信息框架更能促进大学生节能意愿;③反馈频率、反馈媒介和信息反馈框架对大学生节能意愿影响有三重交互效应.在信息反馈频率为每周一次时,不论反馈媒介为哪种类型,信息反馈框架的主效应均显著. 相似文献
20.
This paper examines the gendered representations of scientists in the UK media. Our analysis reveals the asymmetrical ways in which men and women working in science, engineering and technology are portrayed, in particular through the emphasis on women's appearance and a focus on their exceptional status. It also highlights the way female scientists may be used to "sex up" the discipline in the context of increasing concern about the (un)popularity of science. This media analysis is contextualized by drawing on data from 86 scientists examining how women themselves experience press and television coverage and address the cultural contradictions surrounding their role. The research highlights the challenges facing women working in these fields and the dilemmas for those seeking to develop a "human" face for science and promote a positive image for women. 相似文献