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1.
本文将R&D两面性纳入分析框架,建立国际R&D溢出回归模型,选取14个主要国家数据,对1985-2006年我国技术吸收能力与对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出效应进行实证检验。结论表明,ODI方式获取的国外溢出研发资本对国内R&D存量存在挤出效应;逆向技术溢出效应受我国技术水平制约有限,通过利用当地丰富的研发资源能够显著提高创新效率。 相似文献
2.
中国OFDI国别差异与母国技术进步 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
按东道国研发资本密集程度,中国对外直接投资流向研发资本密集的发达国家和研发资本稀疏的转型及发展中国家。本文建立了中国对外直接投资国别差异与母国技术进步的机制模型,并利用2003-2012年省际面板数据,通过工具变量固定效应方法(IVFE)进行了实证检验,结果显示:对外直接投资国别差异对我国技术进步存在显著不同影响,其中我国对发达国家对外直接投资能够获得逆向技术溢出,对转型及发展中国家对外直接投资不能获得逆向技术溢出,反而产生正向技术输出;我国对发达国家对外直接投资获得的逆向技术溢出通过人力资本消化吸收;我国对转型及发展中国家对外直接投资产生的正向技术输出通过国内研发成本分摊部分回收。 相似文献
3.
本文从投资国自主创新能力和全要素生产率两个角度构建模型检验了中国对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出效应,考察了国内研发和人力资本吸收要素对该效应的影响。研究发现:短期内,对外直接投资促进了国内创新能力的提升,中国分别在1992年和1990年达到了国内研发和人力资本的"吸收门槛";长期内,对外直接投资也促进了全要素生产率的提升,中国在1990年达到了国内研发存量的"吸收门槛",而人力资本则未显现"门槛"效应。总体来看,对外直接投资提升了中国国内的创新能力和全要素生产率,促进了中国的技术进步。 相似文献
4.
对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出问题备受关注，但现有研究忽略了投资二元边际结构特征的影响。本文借鉴并扩展了LP（2001）的研发溢出测算模型，将ODI获得的总技术溢出效应分解成往期ODI溢出效应和新增ODI溢出效应，新增ODI溢出效应又进一步分解成集约边际溢出效应和扩展边际溢出效应。同时，对不同阶段、不同方式的ODI对母国技术的影响机制进行甄别和阐述，并利用2007-2014年中国30个省域的数据进行实证检验。研究表明：我国对外直接投资具有积极的逆向技术溢出效应，并且往期ODI和新增ODI获得的国外研发资本均对我国的技术创新能力有提升作用，新增ODI中仅扩展边际的投资扩张方式能推动我国技术创新，而集约边际的推动作用不显著。关键词：对外直接投资；集约边际；扩展边际；逆向技术溢出 相似文献
5.
中国ODI反向技术外溢效应的实证分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
借鉴国际R&D溢出回归分析的框架,分步骤对中国1985－2005年对外直接投资的反向技术外溢效应进行了实证分析。结果显示,中国对外直接投资存在反向技术外溢效应,但它对于我国全要素生产率增长的作用要低于国内研发支出。中国应当坚持走开放的自主创新之路,并通过增加投资力度和调整投资区域等方式提高对外直接投资对于技术进步的贡献度。 相似文献
6.
近年来,越来越多的发展中国家参与到对外直接投资的活动中,这与传统的投资理论相违背,国内外学者开始关注对外直接投资这条国际技术溢出渠道。面对迅速增加的发展中国家的对外直接投资现象,中国作为最大的对外直接投资发展中国家,有必要对中国对外直接投资逆向技术溢出效应进行深入研究。研究以2004—2013年我国行业面板数据作为样本数据,用DEA方法测算了9个行业的全要素生产率TFP来代表各行业的技术进步水平,运用Eviews面板回归模型对我国第二产业、第三产业的对外直接投资逆向技术溢出效应进行检验,结果发现逆向技术溢出效应的产业差异明显,通过进一步分析造成该差异的原因,对提高我国对外直接投资逆向技术溢出效应提出相关对策建议。 相似文献
7.
中国对外直接投资逆向技术溢出效应经验研究——基于技术差距门槛视角 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在考虑技术差距对逆向技术溢出效应影响的基础上,建立面板门槛模型,运用中国2003-2010年间的省际面板数据开展实证研究,研究结果显示:(1)技术差距在逆向技术溢出中确实存在影响,通过LM检验及自举法,技术差距对逆向技术溢出的影响存在两个门槛值,据此将我国按技术差距分为低、中、高技术差距三类区域;(2)我国对外直接投资在中、高技术差距区域存在逆向技术溢出,积极的逆向技术溢出效应主要存在于高技术差距区域,而中技术差距区域的技术溢出效应为负;(3)短期内,国内研发存量没有对技术进步产生促进作用,从长期来看,仍需进一步加强国内研发。 相似文献
8.
中国对外直接投资对全球贡献持续加大,这在带动相关产能、装备、技术和服务输出的同时,也对国内企业产生深刻影响。利用2003—2013年中国工业企业统计数据库与商务部对外直接投资企业名录的匹配数据,实证检验了企业对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出效应对其生产率的影响。研究发现:我国对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出对企业生产率进步的影响存在滞后效应,企业生产率在实施对外直接投资的来年得到明显提升,随后呈现边际递减的趋势。企业吸收能力、投资动机和东道国技术水平是影响对外直接投资逆向技术溢出效应发挥的重要因素。异质性分析表明,相较于中西部地区而言,东部地区的企业对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出对企业生产率的提升作用更大;相比于包含外资的企业,内资企业对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出对其生产率的促进作用更大。为中国企业更好地进行对外直接投资提供了有益的政策启示。 相似文献
9.
对外直接投资逆向技术溢出效应与全球价值链升级已成为经济学多学科交叉研究的课题。首先梳理对外直接投资理论与全球价值链理论的协同演化路径,分析全球价值链理论研究对技术寻求型对外直接投资发展产生的促进作用;在此基础上,重点梳理对外直接投资逆向技术溢出的机理与存在性两个方面的国外研究文献,最后结合对外直接投资逆向技术溢出效应中的前沿研究,对全球价值链升级理论产生的影响进行简要的评述与展望。 相似文献
10.
技术转移方式、自主研发与高技术产业技术效率的关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用随机前沿生产函数模型分析国外技术引进、国内技术购买和外商直接投资在提升高技术产业技术效率中的作用,并在统一框架下进一步探讨这三种技术转移方式与自主研发的相互作用及其对技术效率的影响.研究结果表明,国外技术引进、外商直接投资和自主研发显著促进了高技术产业技术效率的提升,但国内技术购买对技术效率的影响并不显著;国外技术引进和国内技术购买都对自主研发产生了替代效应,但也可以通过技术溢出提高技术效率;外商直接投资和自主研发具有互补效应,对技术效率产生显著的正向影响;中国高技术产业技术效率有着显著的地区差异,东部地区技术效率远高于中、西部地区,但东部地区各省之间也存在着显著差异.高技术产业技术效率有较大的提升空间. 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
13.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
15.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
16.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
17.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
18.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
19.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
20.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献