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1.
Why space matters in technological innovation systems—Mapping global knowledge dynamics of membrane bioreactor technology 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Studies on technological innovation systems (TISs) often set spatial boundaries at the national level and treat supranational levels as a geographically undifferentiated and freely accessible global technological opportunity set. This article criticizes this conceptualization and proposes instead to analyze relevant actors, networks and processes in TIS from a relational perspective on space. It develops an analytical framework which allows investigating innovation processes (or ‘functions’) of a TIS at and across different spatial scales. Based on social network analysis of a co-publication dataset from membrane bioreactor technology, we illustrate how the spatial characteristics of collaborations in knowledge creation vary greatly over relatively short periods of time. This finding suggests that TIS studies should be more reflexive on system boundary setting both regarding the identification and analysis of core processes as well as in the formulation of policy advice. 相似文献
2.
In recent years, policy approaches that build upon the notion of innovation systems have enjoyed increasing attention in science, technology and innovation policy. But while the usefulness of systemic thinking in policy-making has been demonstrated in a large number of empirical settings, we still lack a detailed understanding of the dynamics at play when policy makers address systemic problems. In this paper, we show how complex interdependencies and the uncertain nature of technological change shape the process of targeted policy interventions in socio-technical systems. Toward this end we analyzed the evolution of the German feed-in tariff (FIT) system for solar photovoltaic power, a highly effective and widely copied policy instrument targeted at fostering the diffusion and development of renewable energy technologies. We find that the policy has been subject to a considerable amount of changes, many of which are the result of policy makers addressing specific system issues and bottlenecks. Interestingly, however, often these issues themselves were driven by unforeseen technological developments induced by previous policy interventions. We argue that the pattern of policy serving as both a solution to and a driver of technological bottlenecks shows strong similarities with what Rosenberg (1969) called ‘compulsive sequences’ in the development of technical systems. By shedding more light on how the characteristics of socio-technical systems affect policy interventions, our framework represents a first step toward more closely integrating the literature on innovation systems with the work on policy learning. 相似文献
3.
文章从推动分布式风能利用的意义出发,分析了世界范围分布式风能利用的发展现状和政策机制,对比讨论了我国分布式风能利用的现状和相关政策,说明了我国当前存在的问题及障碍。重点分析并提出了我国分布式风能发展的前景与发展路线图,指出未来将在分布式风电机组及其关键部件、分布式风电场开发、分布式风能利用与其他可再生能源互补综合利用等方面开展基础理论研究、高技术研发与创新、示范应用及产业化推广,进一步提升自主创新能力。分析说明了分布式风能利用技术创新的需求,提出了政策保障措施的建议。通过技术、政策、市场机制等多方面的协同创新,推动包括分布式风能在内的可再生能源在我国绿色低碳能源战略实施及生态文明建设过程中更好地发挥作用。 相似文献
4.
新能源及可再生能源发电是各国能源可持续发展战略的重要组成部分.本文针对各种新能源及可再生能源的特点,对各国新能源及可再生能源的潜在资源量予以定义和整理,以此为基础提出新能源及可再生能源发电绩效指数(REPPI),对八国集团和金砖四国从2000年-2008年的新能源及可再生能源发电绩效进行动态评价.之后,使用面板数据模型对新能源及可再生能源发电绩效与宏观经济条件、技术进步、电力消费和R&D投入之间的关系进行分析,研究了各国新能源及可再生能源发电绩效的驱动力.结果表明:发达国家的REPPI普遍高于发展中国家,但REPPI的增长速度却低于发展中国家.新能源及可再生能源资源量丰富的国家,REPPI普遍低于新能源及可再生能源资源量匮乏的国家;技术进步和新能源及可再生能源R&D投入比重在推动REPPI提高方面具有显著作用.最后,给出了促进我国新能源及可再生能源电力发展的政策建议. 相似文献
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近年来可再生能源研究表明,风能和太阳能发电份额的增加对市场化电价有显著的影响。德国可再生能源发电市场已形成较完善的市场化电价机制,研究德国电价的运作机理有利于推动中国可再生能源市场化电价机制改革。本文通过建立分位数回归模型,估算了不同电价分位数的优序效应,主要分析了风能和太阳能对德国电力市场现货价格的影响。研究表明：①风能和太阳能发电量的增加均能带来电价的降低。当考虑以电价中位数的四分位距衡量的电价波动时,对于中等负荷水平,风能发电对平均高峰价格的影响明显大于太阳能发电;在其他情况下,太阳能发电对平均高峰价格的影响更大。②用电需求水平较低时,风能发电份额的增加会增加电价波动性;用电需求水平较高时,风能发电份额的增加会降低电价的波动性;用电需求水平中等时,太阳能发电降低电力价格的波动性。③支持可再生能源开发整合的政策应在风能和太阳能之间寻求平衡,即形成合理的太阳能、风能的发电份额组合。本文研究了发展较成熟的德国可再生能源发电的市场化运行机理,对中国可在生能源市场化改革有借鉴意义。 相似文献
6.
《Research Policy》2022,51(6):104528
Business model innovation (BMI) is often complementary to technological innovation and offers novel and sustainable value creation opportunities. Enabling BMI through policy is difficult, however, and not yet well understood in practice or theory. We build on the quickly evolving literature on policy mixes to develop a theoretical model which explains how policy strategies and instruments shape the conditions for BMI. We derive the model inductively by studying the emergence of an off-grid renewable energy BMI in sub-Saharan Africa which proposes to actively create sustainable development in rural areas as opposed to merely increase energy access, drawing from 61 interviews with companies and industry experts as well as policy documents across six African countries. Our model has three core theoretical implications. First, focusing on policy strategies, policy instruments and their respective interactions, we uncover a set of mechanisms that explain how policy mix elements combine to create conducive conditions for BMI. Second, we shed light on the role of multiple objectives and goals within a policy mix for fostering BMI, which, if balanced appropriately, can create a productive tension between support and constraints. Third, we suggest the distinction between sector-specific and society-wide policy mixes as an analytical tool to study these tensions in policy mix research. 相似文献
7.
《Research Policy》2019,48(10):103582
In the light of pressing societal challenges such as climate change and resource scarcity, scholars are increasingly interested in studying policy mixes in the context of sustainability transitions. However, despite numerous conceptual advances and empirical insights, researchers still lack universal criteria or accepted heuristics for delineating policy mixes in these complex policy spaces. We address this gap by conducting an extensive review of the literature, synthesizing best practices, and developing an analytical framework that provides researchers with two archetypical methodological approaches. The top-down approach builds on the idea that the elements of a policy mix originate from an overarching strategic intent. By contrast, the bottom-up approach starts from the definition of a focal impact domain that is affected by a range of policy instruments. For each approach, we outline a systematic analytical procedure, then implement it to scrutinize how policy affects the emerging technological domain of energy storage in California. We find that each approach has particular advantages that render it useful for certain policy mix analyses. Discussing how researchers may choose between the two approaches or leverage their complementarities, we seek to provide the basis for a consistent research program building on the policy mix framework. 相似文献
8.
Electricity sector liberalisation and innovation: An analysis of the UK's patenting activities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Liberalisation has had a marked effect on innovative activities in the electricity industry. In particular, electricity reforms have resulted in a reduction in R&D spending in the sector. R&D and patenting activities are respectively regarded as innovative inputs to and outputs from technological progress. The present paper examines the effect of the reforms on patenting activity in the UK electricity sector. The results indicate that electricity related patents in non-nuclear and renewable technologies have increased in the post-liberalisation period. We attribute this trend to the increased commercialisation of the sector. While this development is positive, we argue that a lasting decline in R&D will in the longer run reduce technological progress and innovation in the sector. In order to maintain the pace of innovation, we discuss the need to design a new framework for innovation systems that is commensurate with the functioning and incentive mechanisms of a liberalised sector. 相似文献
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10.
André Furtado 《Research Policy》1997,25(8):1243-1259
The central issue in this paper is to show the importance of public policies and sectoral patterns of technological change for institutional interaction in National Systems of Innovation (NSI), from the illustrative case study of French oil industry. This case is a relevant example of the French style of public policy, more well known as Colbertism. In the oil industry, Colbertism has demonstrated a greater ability to overcome some of its main challenges related to a weaker diffusion propensity and to a excessive concentration of R&D funds in some strategic sectors. The study of this industry demonstrates that sectoral patterns of technological change are very important to explain institutional interaction. Differences in the degree of appropriability between up and downstream of the oil industry had a great influence in this interaction and in public policies effectiveness. However, the technological diffusion success was not only due to some favorable technological factor but also to the nature of decision making, which was the outcome of a cooperative process. 相似文献
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长江三角洲地区风能资源开发与大规模非并网风电产业基地建设 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文分析了长江三角洲地区的风能资源及其空间分布和沿海风电开发建设条件,讨论了该区非并网风电开发现状及存在问题提出了长江三角洲地区风能资源开发的原则、建设超过1 000×104kW非并网风电基地的发展目标和相应实现的节能减排与经济效益目标。以此为指导,在长江三角洲地区沿海规划布局16个风电场址,风电装机容量达到1 200×104kW,其中45%为非并网风电。并整合建设3个非并网风电与高耗能无碳型产业基地,即：苏北沿海非并网风电与高耗能产业基地、沪苏南沿海非并网风电与高耗能产业基地和浙北沿海非并网风电与高耗能产业基地。针对每个产业基地提出了相应的非并网风电产业布局思路,最后提出了长江三角洲地区风能开发和非并网风电产业基地建设的对策措施。 相似文献
13.
Technological innovations and sectoral change: Transformative capacity, adaptability, patterns of change: An analytical framework 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Following up on recent debates about sectoral systems of innovation and production, the paper introduces a heuristic framework for analyzing and explaining distinct patterns of technology-based sectoral change. The concept is based on two interrelated influencing factors. The first is the sectoral-specific transformative capacity of new technologies themselves, that is, their substantial or incremental impact on socioeconomic and institutional change in a given sectoral system. The second is the sectoral adaptability of socioeconomic structures, institutions, and actors confronted with the opportunities presented by new technologies. The first factor—the sectoral transformative capacity of new technologies—enables us to identify the technology-based pressure to change and adjust the structural, institutional, and organizational architectures of the sectoral system. The second, complementary factor—sectoral adaptability—helps us to discern the distinct social patterns of anticipating and adopting this technology-based pressure. The specific interplay between the two influencing factors creates distinguishable modes of sectoral transformation, ranging from anticipative and smooth adjustments to reactive and crisis-ridden patterns of change. Even processes of radical sectoral change continue over longer periods of mismatch and are characterized by numerous and mostly gradual organizational, structural and institutional transformations. 相似文献
14.
Ingemar N.H. Dörfer 《Research Policy》1974,3(2):133-155
Sweden's technological development based on big science supporting high politics is turning to more welfare-oriented technologies. The tension between the university reform performed by an inward-looking government and industrial innovation carried out by an outward-looking business community is discussed.The paper covers the time span of the quiet postwar years, the attempt to institutionalize science policy in the 1960's and the sectoral approach to science and technology advocated in the 1970's. The implications of the polarization of science policy between the government and the technological community at a time of European integration is discussed. 相似文献
15.
通过深层次研究广东科技创新投入、产业结构调整、技术扩散和政府驱动,探讨了广东在经济高速发展过程中如何有效降低能耗的方法,并在此基础上提出了我国降低能耗、实现可持续发展的思路和实现途径。 相似文献
16.
针对1988—2010年期间全球风能产业不同动态发展阶段及其演化动力进行分析。早期,丹麦和美国加州的风能产业发展主要依靠风力等自然资源禀赋;随着德国风能接入法等公共政策领域的创新,进一步推动了全球风能产业发展;以美国、西班牙、印度等为代表的新一轮全球风机产业发展越来越受到公共政策创新和产业技术能力双重动力的影响。对于中国风能产业发展的主要启示是:有利于风机整体产业发展的公共政策学习和创新、技术引进和不断增强的制造能力,针对国情的公共政策创新、良好的产业生态组织和培育自主创新能力是未来风能产业可持续发展的方向。 相似文献
17.
沈群红 《科学学与科学技术管理》2011,32(1)
如何通过时外部技术资源的有效整合来提高企业的技术能力,是创新管理和科技政策共同关注的问题.通过对AB集团抗茵技术发展的过程性案例研究,阐明企业制导式技术转移模式的含义及其作用机理.揭示这一模式具有以下特征:基于组织自身的战略定位和技术管理水平以及所处的内外部环境,以企业愿景为导引,以企业核心团队为主体,企业作为创新主体来紧密制导外部技术知识及其转移方向.并在此基础上指出了该模式的作用:有利于培育企业自身的核心胜任力,发展出与其相适宜的知识转移模式,提高内外部知识的整合效果.该技术转移模式,既利于大学和科研院所的知识有效转化为现实生产力,又利于中国本土企业技术开发与管理能力的提高. 相似文献
18.
本文对30年来创新系统研究的发展进行了分析,涵盖了国家创新系统（NIS）,区域创新系统（RIS）,产业创新系统（SIS）以及技术创新系统（TIS）。文章按照创新系统研究的演化历程,分析了每个创新系统方法的理论起源,考察了引用最多的案例研究,分析了空间边界和分析单元,探讨了基本组成要素功能和分类方法,以厘清创新系统研究的理论体系,并在此基础上提出了每个创新系统研究方法需要进一步的研究。最后,对创新系统今后的研究进行了展望：加强创新系统方法的指向性和规范性导向;对创新系统分析框架内的最新方法进行整合,开展全球创新系统研究;加强对新兴经济体国家的研究,进一步证明创新系统理论在不同国家情境下的适用性。 相似文献
19.
《Research Policy》2023,52(6):104767
Prior research has extensively studied FDI spillovers on broadly defined technological innovation but offered inconclusive evidence. Relatively little is known about how the knowledge characteristics of local technological development are shaped by FDI and the innovation context where this development takes place. We therefore study the influence of FDI presence on host country firms' technological progress with a focus on two factors: the underlying technological characteristic, complexity, which reflects the difficulties in recombining diverse knowledge combination for innovation, and an under-studied contextual contingency: the local clustering of returnees (skilled returned migrants) that creates different interactive environments for incorporating foreign knowledge. Using a unique sample of 35,376 firms over an 11-year period in China's equivalent of Silicon Valley, Zhongguancun, we reveal that FDI exerts a curvilinear spillover effect on local firms' technological complexity. Furthermore, we find returnees' clustering in related sectors heightens the effect of FDI spillovers on local technological complexity, whereas unrelated sectoral clustering flattens this U-shaped relationship, reducing FDI spillovers. We add to the debate on FDI knowledge externalities by highlighting the importance of considering knowledge characteristics and the contextual setting of returnee clustering in understanding FDI spillover effects on local technological progress. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
20.
本文对30年来创新系统研究的发展进行了分析，涵盖了国家创新系统（NIS），区域创新系统（RIS），产业创新系统（SIS）以及技术创新系统（TIS）。文章按照创新系统研究的演化历程，分析了每个创新系统方法的理论起源，考察了引用最多的案例研究，分析了空间边界和分析单元，探讨了基本组成要素功能和分类方法，以厘清创新系统研究的理论体系，并在此基础上提出了每个创新系统研究方法需要进一步的研究。最后，对创新系统今后的研究进行了展望：加强创新系统方法的指向性和规范性导向；对创新系统分析框架内的最新方法进行整合，开展全球创新系统研究；加强对新兴经济体国家的研究，进一步证明创新系统理论在不同国家情境下的适用性。 相似文献