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1.
Combining both interview data and empirical analyses at the patent and firm levels, we explore the value-appropriation and value-creation implications of R&D collaboration resulting in the co-ownership of intellectual property (i.e. co-patents). We make an explicit distinction between three different types of co-patenting partners: intra-industry partners, inter-industry partners, and universities. Our findings indicate that the value-appropriation challenges of IP sharing are clearly evident with intra-industry co-patenting, where partners are more likely to encounter overlapping exploitation domains. Co-patenting with universities is associated with higher market value, since appropriation challenges are unlikely to play a role and collaboration may signal novel technological opportunities. Although we find some evidence that co-patenting corresponds to higher (patent) value, patents co-owned with firms are significantly less likely to receive self-citations, indicating constraints on the future exploitation and development of co-owned technologies. 相似文献
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本文以2002-2016年间的学术文献和专利两种数据源为基础，利用社会网络分析法从论文作者所属机构与专利权人、作者与发明人、学科与技术领域等多维视角，对全球云计算基础研究与应用研究的创新合作网络进行数据挖掘和对比分析。研究发现：云计算论文作者及所属机构间的合作更普遍；专利权人合作网络呈现分散的小网络特点，专利发明人合作关系更密切且群体性更强；云计算的基础学科是计算机理论与方法、电气与电子工程和计算机信息系统，而核心技术是数字计算机和电话与数据传输系统。基于研究结果，提出建立基础创新与应用创新的对接和融合，利用合作网络分析发掘重要的创新竞合对象，精准定位领军人才和创新群体，构建学科知识体系等促进中国云计算协同创新与产教融合的启示和建议。 相似文献
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无纸化信息传播的广泛应用为科学知识的交流与共享提供了新的思路,各种适用于网络环境的交流与共享模式随着信息技术的不断涌现而获得了极大的发展,通过比较研究可以发现网络环境下的科学知识交流与共享模式较之传统模式存在着交互性强、低成本、高效率等众多优势。Web2.0时代的到来使网络环境下的大规模协同工作成为可能,在信息技术发展的推动和协同科研需求拉动的共同影响下,科学知识的交流与共享模式将朝着以网络协同工作平台为环境的开放、主动、互动与高效的方向发展。 相似文献
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网络嵌入性对产学研知识协同绩效的影响 《科学学研究》2017,35(9):1396-1408
产学研合作的网络化趋势影响着企业和学研机构之间的知识转移、共享与整合,探讨网络嵌入性对产学研知识协同绩效的影响机制具有重要意义。文章基于网络嵌入性视角,构建了网络嵌入性、知识搜索、产学研合作行为、产学研知识协同绩效之间关系的概念模型,提出了知识搜索与产学研合作行为作为中介变量的假设,并通过大规模问卷调查的数据进行了验证。结果发现：结构嵌入和关系嵌入对产学研知识协同绩效均有正向影响,知识搜索和产学研合作行为在“信任–产学研知识协同绩效”的关系中起完全中介作用,在网络嵌入性的其他三个维度与知识协同绩效之间的关系中都具有部分中介作用。论文的理论探讨和实证研究拓展了网络嵌入性的研究范围,深化了产学研知识协同的理论研究。 相似文献
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IT能力及信息共享对企业间研发合作的影响研究/FONT 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了IT能力及信息共享对研发合作的影响,给出了IT能力和信息共享与研发合作的直接产出、研发合作效果、研发合作的长期效用之间关系的概念模型,在理论分析的基础上提出了相应的假设。进行大量的问卷调查,并以SPSS和AMOS管理统计软件作为数据分析的工具,建立了结构方程模型。实证研究结果显示,IT能力对研发合作的直接产出、研发合作效果、研发合作的长期效用三个维度的影响效应依次递增,而信息共享对研发合作三维度的影响效应依次递减,同时,IT能力对信息共享具有显著的促进作用。 相似文献
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公私合作(PPP)被认为是通过公共部门和私人部门合作来提升公共服务水平的重要模式.在PPP合作中,信任作为一种重要的合作关系规范,直接影响到合作效果,同时合作方所面临的环境不确定性和合作方行为的不确定性这两方面的外在因素会对信任-合作效果之间的关系起到相应的调节作用.在此理论假设的基础上,对中国背景下高科技生物制药行业PPP合作进行实证研究,研究表明,合作方之间的信任确实会增强合作效果,然而外部环境的不确定性会弱化信任-合作效果之间的正向关系,合作伙伴方行为的不确定性会强化信任-合作效果之间的正向关系. 相似文献
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By combining research on interorganizational learning (IOL) with that on IT-enabled collaboration, this study examines the role of electronic collaboration (e-collaboration) enabled through the use of interorganizational information systems in the development of a firm's capabilities such as IOL. Moreover, this study examines IOL as a capability posited between electronic collaboration and firm performance. Finally, we conceptualize IOL as a multidimensional construct composed of information sharing, relationship-specific knowledge memory, and the development of shared meaning and verify the relationships between them. The study provides an empirical analysis of the proposed model and hypotheses by considering data from various industries. The results indicate that e-collaboration was positively related to all three components of IOL. In terms of the relationships between these components, information sharing had a positive effect on relationship-specific knowledge memory, which in turn facilitated the development of shared meaning. Only the development of shared meaning had a significant effect on firm performance. Discussions and implications of the results are provided. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]知识经济时代,随着知识成为开放性资源,如何利用社会化网络进行创新知识获取是企业进行开放式创新的关键。[方法/过程]本文从厘清社会化网络、知识协同、开放式创新三者概念和关系出发,提出三者作用的理论知识链,并据此构建了社会化网络影响量表与知识协同量表,运用问卷调查和人员访谈得到的数据,利用结构方程模型实证探究了三者之间的路径关系。[结果/结论]实证结果发现社会化网络对于知识协同和开放式创新有着明显的促进作用,知识协同对于开放式创新有着显著性影响,其中知识协同起到部分中介作用。因此,实现企业的知识共享与转化,建构开放、交互性的社会化网络系统是提高企业创新绩效的关键。 相似文献
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For at least a decade, U.S. funding agencies and university campuses have promoted the expansion of interdisciplinary research. At the same time, federal and local programs have sought to increase the participation of women and minorities in science, mathematics, and engineering. Research has focused on each of these trends independently, but very few studies have considered their interaction by asking how intellectual preferences for and professional consequences of interdisciplinary science might be influenced by gender, race, and/or ethnicity. Focused specifically on gender, this paper considers the expectation that women will be more drawn to interdisciplinary research, and explores the learning styles, work preferences, and career behaviors that might anticipate and/or explicate gender differences in interdisciplinary science. Principal mechanisms by which researchers engage in interdisciplinarity - cross-fertilization, team-collaboration, field-creation, and problem-orientation - are tested for evidence of gendering using preliminary empirical data from three studies. The results of this exploratory analysis offer clues about possible tendencies and raise questions about the potential costs and benefits for those who adopt them. 相似文献
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基于Web of Science（WoS）数据库,本文运用文献计量学方法和可视化工具对比分析了2009-2016年中美大数据研究论文的跨学科性发展态势,研究内容包括跨学科性（Rao-Stirling Index）测度、核心学科分布以及跨学科性与引用影响的关系,并应用VOSviewer将两国的学科分布进行了可视化呈现。结果显示,尽管中美两国论文的跨学科性都在逐年增强,研究期间美国论文的跨学科性始终高于中国。美国的大数据研究参考的学科数量更多,且学科分布更均衡,涉及的主要学科包括数学与计算机科学、生物医学与健康科学以及社会科学与人文科学;中国的大数据研究涉及学科较少,主要集中在数学和计算机科学领域。论文涉及的学科数量与被引百分位显著相关,美国论文的跨学科性与引用影响之间存在一定相关性,但中国论文的这种关系不显著。 相似文献
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Over the past three decades, U.S. science and technology funding agencies have increasingly supported large-scale, centralized, block grant-based research projects that often span multiple disciplines and institutions. This trend has developed at such a rate that research focused on understanding the management of these new collaborative models has largely not kept pace. We use two case studies of large-scale, multi-disciplinary collaborations to develop an institutional framework that illuminates the relationships among (a) the epistemic norms of the disciplines represented in the collaboration, (b) the organizational structure of these collaborations, and (c) the inter-institutional collaboration success.The results of our case study analysis demonstrate that large-scale, multi-discipline, inter-institutional collaborations need a relatively high level of development in either (1) the epistemic development of the disciplines involved in the collaboration or (2) the organizational structure of the collaboration. We argue that the domain (i.e. epistemic or organizational) that provides the highest level of institutionalization is the one that organizes the “rules” of the collaboration. 相似文献
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文章通过研读合作研发领域代表性理论和实证研究文献,以合作研发建立过程为脉络,以交易成本理论、资源基础理论为阐述基础,梳理了合作研发领域的整体研究框架：对合作研发起源及其主要类型进行了系统的阐述;基于资源基础理论、交易成本理论和组织学习理论归结了合作研发的六种主要动机和获取竞争优势（利润）这一根本动机;从资源共同力量（collective strengthen） 和组织间冲突（inter-firm conflict）两个视角分析合作伙伴的相关特征及对合作绩效的影响;探讨了合作研发的组织管理,包括合作研发的基本组织类型及特征,梳理了企业实现有效知识溢出的专有性机制。最后,提炼研究结论及后续研究方向,旨在为后续的研究提供一个整体切入点,为合作研发实践活动的组织和评价提供参考。 相似文献
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本文构建了共享领导、组织结构与知识共享的理论分析框架,应用阶层线性模型(HLM)。以研究所、设计院等事业单位为研究对象开展实证研究。研究表明,共享领导的绩效期望、权责共享、团队学习对知识共享行为具有显著的正向作用。相互协作对知识共享行为不存在显著影响作用。组织结构的正规化、复杂化对共享领导与知识共享行为的中介效应显著,而集权化的中介效应不显著。本研究进一步揭示了共享领导与知识共享行为之间的内部作用机理,不仅拓展了共享领导与知识共享行为的理论研究,也为组织提高知识共享效率,进而提高团队绩效提供了实践指导。 相似文献
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融合(convergence,或译为“会聚”)研究是一种基于多学科交叉来解决重大经济社会问题的科研范式,近年来成为主要国家高度关注的发展趋势。本文首先从本体论、认识论和方法论上揭示融合研究的基本特征,进而基于熵理论研究提出测度融合研究的指标——融合熵,并以脑科学研究为例开展该指标的实证研究。结果表明：融合研究的本体(研究问题或对象)主要来源于自然或者社会中的重大挑战,而非单纯从现有知识体系推演而来;在认识论上,融合研究不仅要求个人层面的知识建构,也强调组织层面和国家层面对知识的主动性、系统性和协调性管理和应用;在方法论上,根据研究问题的不同,融合研究可吸收不同学科,通过学科之间的“化学”作用形成新的研究框架和研究语言,并最终发展形成融合领域;以脑科学为例开展的融合熵测度与专家定性研判结果具有高契合度,表明应用“融合熵”这一指标来测度融合研究具有科学性和可行性。 相似文献
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国内外普遍认为高校及科研院所的科研人员与企业的合作有助于推动国家创新,但迄今尚少有经验研究来探讨校企合作究竟对科研活动产生了哪些积极的或消极的影响。本文基于对一项全国七千余名科研人员的调查数据的分析,全面考察了科研人员承担企业项目对于科研文化、科研网络、科研投入及产出等多方面的具体影响,研究发现承担企业项目的科研人员有更高的研究积极性、建立了更广泛的科研合作网络、在科研成果的市场转换方面表现也更好,但同时也发现承担企业项目对科研文化和基础研究可能存在不利影响。研究结果为我们更好地促进科研机构与企业协同创新提供了新的启示。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Information Management》2016,36(3):451-475
ContextNowadays the concept of knowledge mapping has attracted increased attention from scientists in a variety of academic disciplines and professional practice areas. Among the most important attributes of a knowledge map is its ability to increase communication and share common practices across an entire organisation. However, despite being a promising area for research, the knowledge maps community lacks a widespread understanding of the current state of the art.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to explore the world of knowledge mapping by reviewing and analysing the current state of research and providing an overview of knowledge mapping’s concepts, benefits, techniques, classifications and methodologies, which are precisely reviewed, and their features are highlighted. In addition, we offer directions for future research.MethodBased on the systematic literature review method this study collects, synthesises, and analyses numerous articles on a variety of topics closely related to a knowledge map published from January 2000 to December 2013 on six electronic databases by following a pre-defined review protocol. The articles have been retrieved through a combination of automatic and manual search, hence extensive quantitative and qualitative results of the research are provided.ResultsFrom the review study, we identified 132 articles addressing knowledge maps that have been reviewed in order to extract relevant information on a set of research questions. We found a generally increasing level of activity during this 5-year period. We noted that while existing research covers a large number of studies on some disciplines, such as systems and tools development, it contains very few studies on other disciplines, such as knowledge maps adoption. To aid this situation, we offer directions for future research.ConclusionsThe results demonstrated that a knowledge map is an imperative strategy for increasing organisations’ effectiveness. In addition, there is a need for more knowledge maps research. 相似文献
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随着社会治理从政府为中心的“一元治理”向社会多方协同互动的多元化转变,多方协作已经成为应对各类社会突发事件的必然发展趋势。应急协作过程中需要大量信息予以支持,因而信息共享成为应急协作中的重要环节。本文对应急协作中的信息共享进行探讨,对国外相关理论和实践现状进行梳理,基于我国当前应急协作中信息共享在存在的主要问题,分别从法制、共享观念、信息技术以及监督激励等四个方面提出对策建议。 相似文献
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There is a lack of understanding regarding the optimal conditions for interdisciplinary research. This study investigates what characteristics of researchers are associated with disciplinary and interdisciplinary research collaborations and what collaborations are most rewarding in different scientific disciplines. Our results confirm that female scientists are more engaged in interdisciplinary research collaborations. Further, a scientist's years of research experience are positively related with both types of collaboration. Work experience in firms or governmental organizations increases the propensity of interdisciplinary collaborations, but decreases that of disciplinary collaborations. Disciplinary collaborations occur more frequent in basic disciplines; interdisciplinary collaborations more in strategic disciplines. We also found that in both types of disciplines, disciplinary collaborations contribute more to career development than interdisciplinary collaborations. We conclude with three recommendations for science and innovation policy, while emphasising the need to distinguish between different scientific disciplines. 相似文献
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This research is part of a broader investigation to analyse the processes followed by the Caguas Municipality at the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico in an effort to develop the characteristics of a ‘Smart City’ as an example of sustainable development. We describe the integration of the educational institutions’ initiatives and the municipal government strategic plan to contribute to the knowledge and intellectual capital that brings sustainability to the city. An actor's model was designed to represent this integration. The conceptual framework was based on the concepts of knowledge production and sharing as applied to the collaboration between critical representative actors. Field research consisting of in-depth interviews was performed to ascertain the integration processes and their relationship with such processes of knowledge production and sharing. The results showed that the governance paradigm implemented is already empowering the citizens to contribute with intellectual capital that brings sustainability to Caguas. 相似文献