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1.
Oscar Jimenez-Castellanos 《The Urban Review》2010,42(4):351-371
This study examines the relationship between educational resources (fiscal, personnel and facilities) and school achievement
within a large urban/suburban elementary school district. A sequential mixed methods approach reveals inequitable resource
allocation trends and patterns between schools within a school district by producing different student outcomes. The educational
resources positively correlated to higher school achievement are: higher teacher salaries, newer schools, more multi-purpose
space per pupil and less portable classrooms. Without question, White students receive more of these resources than Latino
students, low-income students and English Language learners. This study also conducts a multiple comparative case study analysis
comparing between Title I and non-Title I schools, within Title I schools and within non-Title I schools. The study contains
policy and practice implications to improve opportunity and school achievement in urban/suburban school districts. 相似文献
2.
Our study examines patterns of spatial segregation using diversity and isolation indicators within and across Missouri school districts. Evaluating segregation from a critical spatial perspective emphasizes the importance of place when evaluating the quality of educational opportunity for diverse student populations. The methodology involves the use of geographic information systems (GIS) maps that capture diversity and isolation dimensions of segregation using racial census tracts. Our spatial approach indicated statistically significant high and low diversity clusters, along with nearby areas of contrasting diversity. The analysis represents a methodological contribution to the study of quantifying segregation dimensions that more accurately represent how they operate across geographic space. In order for educational opportunity to improve, more walkable neighborhoods with high-quality schools in urban communities and interdistrict school transfer options in metropolitan regions are needed. If constructed and established at the same time, these reforms provide cost–benefit advantages to local and state residents. 相似文献
3.
Kimberly A. Goyette 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(1):114-129
This research contributes to discussions about social inequality in school choices in two ways. First, educational choices include the multitude of options families may consider, including choosing a home in a particular area and home-schooling. Decision-making is considered not at a single point in time, but over children's educational careers. Second, this research explores school choices across school district boundaries to include school choices in suburban and rural, as well as urban districts. I use data from a random sample of families with school-aged children living in the Philadelphia Metropolitan area (including some counties in New Jersey) and other counties throughout Pennsylvania to explore the options that families consider for their children's schooling. The data paint a picture of two constellations of families: those who are white, suburban, and middle-income (who primarily select schools based on their neighborhoods and residences), and those composed of lower-income and urban families of color (who rely more on non-neighborhood school options). The differences between these predispositions toward choice suggest that the expanded school choice policies of urban school districts will have little influence on overall school inequality because of the tendency of white, suburban middle-class families to choose public schools in their relatively privileged, suburban neighborhoods. 相似文献
4.
Ryan W. Coughlan 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(4):349-366
This study seeks to identify changes in neighborhood and school segregation during the age of rapidly expanding school choice. Prior to 1991, public-school choice was limited. While magnet schools existed and a number of interdistrict transfer programs were in place, few public-school students left their neighborhoods to receive an education. During the past 25 years, the number of public-school choice options has exploded. Today, more than 10% of public-school students attend either a charter school or a magnet school, and many of these schools of choice are concentrated in urban areas. In order to understand how the combination of demographic changes and the expansion of school choice have shaped neighborhoods and schools, this study provides an analysis of levels of racial/ethnic diversity and integration in the 100 most populous U.S. cities and their accompanying school districts. Results of this analysis demonstrate that levels of diversity have risen dramatically in most urban areas as well as in most school districts. Concurrently, an overwhelming majority of cities have experienced increases in neighborhood-level integration while a large majority of schools in their accompanying districts have become increasingly segregated. These divergent patterns in neighborhood and school segregation are cause for alarm and require the immediate attention of policymakers and the public. 相似文献
5.
As the demographic make-up of public schools (and neighborhoods) shift and schools become increasingly segregated, the role of school boards becomes critically important in maintaining policies designed to remedy segregation and promote equal opportunity, policies which may challenge the status quo. Specifically, in school districts and communities where politics are fluctuating, longstanding diversity policies that have assisted in creating integrated learning environments can be overturned by a single school board election. Further, as suburbanization within countywide school districts creates distinct enclaves—where student populations are significantly whiter and more affluent than the district as a whole and political fragmentation is perpetuated—school board members representing elite enclaves may be less supportive of policies that would lessen the privilege of these residents. This paper explores school board leadership and policymaking in two Southern school districts where politics are currently in flux: Jefferson County (Louisville), Kentucky and Wake County (Raleigh), North Carolina. Specifically, we seek to: (1) understand how demographic change—particularly the creation of suburban enclaves—influences public support for and implementation of integration policies; (2) examine the politics of diversity in a larger environment skeptical of race-conscious policies; and (3) analyze local policymaking and leadership. 相似文献
6.
Allison Roda 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(4):430-449
A substantial body of research has shown how white, middle-class parents in urban school districts use school choice as a tool to pursue educational advantages for their children. The purpose of this qualitative research was to examine the debate over neighborhood schools and school choice among a diverse group of parents in a gentrifying, yet highly diverse New York City neighborhood that I call “Prospect Point.” My central focus was studying a parent advocacy group that supports neighborhood schools. Findings show that about one third of families living in Prospect Point choose to send their children to charter or gifted and talented (G&T) schools located outside of the neighborhood. Given this outflow of parents and resources via school choice, most of the gentrifier parents in the sample who opted in to the local schools viewed their choice as a politically charged decision, and they credited the parent advocacy group as having influenced it. As a group, they rejected the consumer model of school choice, which they believed put the local schools at a disadvantage and was the norm for their racial/ethnic and socioeconomic demographic. Opt-in parents in this context recognized their privilege, and their children’s privilege, in the school-choice process and actively sought to diminish it through their choice to opt in. This research has important implications for the transformative role that parent mobilization can play in the future of diverse, high-quality public education and our democratic society. 相似文献
7.
Joseph F. Murphy 《The Urban Review》1978,10(4):251-265
Conclusion As recently as 1970, total state and federal aid per capita for education was $65 for the CC and $83 for OCC areas (Colman, 1975, p. 169). Rather than helping to offset the significant cost disadvantages confronting cities, such aid actually contributed to the problem. As the plight of cities and their schools has surfaced, state and federal governments have responded with significant amounts of aid. While much has already been accomplished, a great deal still needs to be done. As long as cities continue to be the home of the poor and disadvantaged, equal educational opportunity requires that urban school systems spend considerably more per pupil than the surrounding suburban areas. While the question of just how much more should be spent on urban pupils is beyond the scope of this paper, in light of the special problems facing city schools, it is safe to assume that the difference noted in Table 6 will not be effective in securing equal educational opportunities for urban pupils. It is also true that although state aid has increased substantially since 1970, in many cases these increases have barely kept pace with diminishing local revenues. The differences found in Table 14 must increase if city school districts are to meet the challenge of providing quality education to their citizens.Joseph F. Murphy is a doctoral student in the Department of Educational Administration at the Ohio State University. 相似文献
8.
Jin Qinghua Liu Yan Zhang Yan Li Qiong 《International Journal of Early Years Education》2005,13(2):157-169
This study investigated the pre‐school education of children from low‐income families in six urban districts of Beijing, using questionnaires and in‐depth interviews with respondents from district educational committees, sub‐district and residents’ committees, nursery schools, and low‐income families. The results indicated that (1) the number of nursery schools in Beijing’s urban districts showed a decreasing trend by year and that these schools were not evenly distributed; and (2) nursery school fees for usage were high, especially for low‐income families. These fees acted as a barrier for many of the children from this socio‐economic background, leaving a number of such children with no opportunity to receive pre‐school education. There was no attempt by the local government and/or communities to provide adequate financial and educational support for low‐income families. Recommendations are made with regard to improving the current situation. 相似文献
9.
Anne H. Hastings 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(1):82-98
This article examines the responses of school principals from an urban school district to Michigan's zero-tolerance policy. We specifically seek to understand how school leaders interpret and implement the policy and how their administrative discussions subsequently affect the educational experience of children in urban schools. Given that a disproportionately high number of African American and Latino students are negatively affected by this policy, how do school leaders in predominantly African American districts implement it? The findings in this study reveal that the disparate interpretation of the zero-tolerance policy among school leaders and its implementation negatively affects the educational experience of urban students. 相似文献
10.
Sarah Winchell Lenhoff 《Peabody Journal of Education》2020,95(3):248-271
ABSTRACT In severing the link between residential address and school assignment, school choice policies have the potential to decrease school segregation and increase educational equity. Yet this promise is undermined when school choice creates greater opportunity for those who are already privileged while limiting access to students from historically marginalized groups. This study combines data from a new survey of local open enrollment policies in Metro Detroit, student-level administrative records, and geographic data to critically analyze the local discretion provided in Michigan’s interdistrict school choice policy in relation to the goals of access to schools of choice, desegregation, and educational equity. I found that local school districts implement provisions of state policy in ways that restrict access to Black and economically disadvantaged students while creating pathways of opportunity for others. Districts are incentivized to implement these restrictions because of the inequities built into the state school funding formula and the racialized geography of Metro Detroit that is mechanized in district and county boundaries to restrict access. This study has implications for the regulation of local school choice markets and the role they play in increasing equitable public school opportunities. 相似文献
11.
“Mayoral takeover” has emerged as a major reform option for struggling urban districts since it was launched in Boston in 1992 and Chicago in 1995. This article examines the design, implementation, and the effects of mayoral-led school systems. Our research addresses issues that are critical to systemwide improvement: Are there variation in how mayors govern their schools? How can mayors “add values” to current school reform efforts in their cities? Have more resources been provided for teaching and learning? Is the public more confident in their city's school system? Are test scores improving? In addressing these issues of student outcomes and management improvement, we highlight lessons learned from our research project's mixed-methods approach, including case studies and statistical analyses using a multiyear database on a purposeful sample of 100 urban districts. 相似文献
12.
This analysis aims to measure the impact of school choice policy on secondary school students’ enrolment patterns within the social geography of Vancouver, an increasingly polarized global city. The rationale for the study is to examine the impact of ‘education market’ reforms on the socio-economic composition of schools in a Canadian context, where a social welfare commitment to educational equality is being replaced by market-oriented policies and increasing social inequality. Our study is guided by Bourdieu’s theory of site in considering whether growing inequality and polarization of wealth in a city are correlated with the ways families choose schools. We apply a geographical methodology (Geographic Information System) to delineate spatial patterns of choosing schools. Our analysis shows that those who opt out of the under-subscribed schools come from the neighborhoods with relatively higher capital than those who remain in their assigned schools. Also, those who opt into the over-subscribed schools in the affluent areas come from the neighborhoods with above-average levels of capital in Vancouver. Overall, we find that the spatial inequality in school choice generally follows the uneven distribution of capital/wealth across the city. The pattern of student mobility indicates an increasing level of segregation. 相似文献
13.
Using public choice theory as a conceptual orientation, the authors argue that politics in urban school districts have differed from those in suburban school districts. Urban school politics have been characterized by relatively well‐organized interest groups and weak market controls, although politics in suburban school districts vary also, as a function of the strength of market controls. The strength of these interest groups in city school systems is reflected in school board politics, in the administrative structure and in district policies. Interest group liberalism in urban school districts may be lessening due to the changing educational needs of urban students and due to reformers’ efforts to give parents more educational choices. However, the success of market reforms depends on a number of conditions which will be a severe challenge to reformers. 相似文献
14.
在城市内部出现的＂学区房现象＂是优质义务教育资源稀缺与人们旺盛的教育需求不能得到满足的矛盾引发的择校新表现。本文试图通过分析该现象的表现和形成原因,探讨如何从学校硬件标准化建设、师资流动、信息沟通和办学途径等方面实现城市内部义务教育均衡发展,遏制教育不公平现象。 相似文献
15.
跨区域学校委托管理是成都市实施城乡教育统筹发展、城乡教育一体化的重要形式,这种办学制度的转变以实现优质教育资源满覆盖为目标。在结成的学校委托管理中金牛区茶店子小学和邛崃市十方堂小学就是典型模式之一,通过规划引领、师资结对、学生发展、文化打造等发展策略与途径的转变,学校发展取得了明显成效。 相似文献
16.
ABSTRACT While past studies on school district decentralization found that central office leaders can limit school leaders’ decision-making power, the studies did not examine how they do so. We investigated this in eight elementary schools in two large urban school systems with official policies of school site-based decision-making. We found that even though school leaders had legal authority over most instructional decisions, they overwhelmingly made decisions consistent with central office preferences. The question is why. By examining the micro process of interaction between central office and school leaders, we found that central office leaders in both districts used a range of persuasive strategies to influence school-level decisions. Specifically, they linked their suggestions to institutionalized norms, rules, and shared understandings in the district and profession. By doing so, central office leaders pushed against their decentralization policies. Differences in the combination of strategies that central office leaders used and the amount of interaction they had with school leaders led to (a) greater variability in the degree to which school leaders in one district made decisions aligned with central office preferences; and (b) greater feelings of coercion among school leaders in the second. These findings unpack the dynamics among local education leaders as they implement and sometimes alter the rules within policies through their daily practice. 相似文献
17.
宜兴外国语学校、万石中学、范道中学组建了为期三年的“学校发展共同体”,其目的是实现优质教育资源的充分整合、交流及共享,促进城乡教育的高位均衡发展。三校发挥各自优势,在办学条件、管理策略、队伍建设等方面,积极开展多形式、多渠道、有特色的联动研究,为城乡中小学实现优势互补,均衡发展提供了借鉴。 相似文献
18.
This study explores relationships between school district enrollment and the internal allocation of resources across subject areas of the curriculum. The central argument is that differences in how resources are allocated stem, in part, from the uneven impact district size has on the relative costs of educational services. These internal differences in resource allocation are viewed as a possible obstacle to achieving equity in the provision of educational opportunities. The empirical work is based on a random sample of New York State school districts and includes cross-sectional as well as longitudinal results. 相似文献
19.
This qualitative case study explores how urban high schools implement a district‐initiated student‐voice program, referred to as Student Advisory Committees, intended to improve school climate. The study uses an implementation science framework to analyze interview data from principals and advisors in 22 urban high schools. An iterative, top–down thematic analytic procedure was used for analysis and interpretation of the data. The results suggest wide variation in how the program was implemented in terms of fidelity, dosage, quality, program reach, and adaptation, with contextual school factors—namely, principal and school characteristics—that help to explain this variation. In addition, the findings indicate that these contextual factors had a significant influence on how the school district implemented the student advisory committees. The authors discuss the implications for program implementation in the context of urban school districts and for school psychologists. 相似文献
20.
Elizabeth A. Stuart Stephen H. Bell Cyrus Ebnesajjad Robert B. Olsen Larry L. Orr 《Journal of research on educational effectiveness》2017,10(1):168-206
Given increasing interest in evidence-based policy, there is growing attention to how well the results from rigorous program evaluations may inform policy decisions. However, little attention has been paid to documenting the characteristics of schools or districts that participate in rigorous educational evaluations, and how they compare to potential target populations for the interventions that were evaluated. Utilizing a list of the actual districts that participated in 11 large-scale rigorous educational evaluations, we compare those districts to several different target populations of districts that could potentially be affected by policy decisions regarding the interventions under study. We find that school districts that participated in the 11 rigorous educational evaluations differ from the interventions' target populations in several ways, including size, student performance on state assessments, and location (urban/rural). These findings raise questions about whether, as currently implemented, the results from rigorous impact studies in education are likely to generalize to the larger set of school districts—and thus schools and students—of potential interest to policymakers, and how we can improve our study designs to retain strong internal validity while also enhancing external validity. 相似文献