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1.
随着我国对进口石油依赖程度的不断加深,中美在世界范围内发生了石油资源的激烈竞争,美国因素成为影响我国石油安全的重要方面。面对美国的控制和争夺,我们应积极开展能源外交,创新国际石油合作机制,加强石油国际合作,努力建立石油长期合作关系。同时,中方应促进与美国在能源安全领域的对话,努力建立中美能源战略合作关系,共同应对能源短缺带来的挑战。 相似文献
2.
专利保护程度评价体系与中美保护程度比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从专利保护过程出发构建专利保护程度评价体系,分析我国专利保护的演进态势,比较中美专利保护的主要指标,并基于世界最大指标,利用专利保护程度计算公式得出我国1985-2004年和美国2004年的专利保护程度,指出要提高专利保护程度,我国应大力提高专利司法保护程度,并稳步提高专利审批保护和行政执法保护程度的结论。 相似文献
3.
《资源科学》2017,(11)
干旱脆弱性评价是干旱半干旱地区人地关系研究的重要内容,对减缓和应对干旱具有重要作用,乡镇尺度的干旱脆弱性评价为西北乡村人地系统可持续性研究提供新的视角。本文引用干旱脆弱性分析框架,从暴露度、敏感性和适应能力三个维度构建指标体系,选择甘肃榆中县作为黄土高原典型研究区域,采用2002—2015年统计数据、气象数据和遥感数据,运用熵值法、综合指数法和局部空间自相关指数法等分析方法分别对指标权重、干旱脆弱性指数与类型及其空间集聚性进行分析。研究结果表明:(1)榆中县干旱脆弱性指数呈波动式变化趋势,阶段性升降明显;(2)不同脆弱类型的乡镇数量由高到低分别为中脆弱高脆弱低脆弱,且高脆弱的乡镇数量增加趋势明显;(3)干旱脆弱性影响因素由高到低分别为年降水量、坡度、年平均气温、干旱影响面积、农民纯收入、人口密度和农业人口比例,年降水量为干旱脆弱性的首要决定因素;(4)干旱脆弱性热点区域总体格局呈现"南-北热中部冷"的空间格局,具有明显的地理集聚特征,且局部乡镇热点区域趋于稳定。 相似文献
4.
中美贸易战唤醒了产业供应链安全意识,新冠肺炎疫情的全球蔓延强调了产业供应链补链、长链的重要性。民生产业供应链在保障国民经济稳定发展方面发挥着举足轻重的作用,其安全需求决定于多方面的条件与技术。文章以中国石油产业供应链安全为例,采用QFD的方法进行了石油安全需求展开研究。结果表明：石油战略储备强度、石油价格波动、对外依存度是影响石油安全需求的主要特性,并针对影响石油安全的根本原因提出了相关对策建议。 相似文献
5.
比较了中国9种中文版、3种英文版大气科学期刊与美国9种大气科学期刊的基本情况和期刊评价指标情况,并就比较结果对如何缩短中美期刊间的巨大差距提出了一些对策。 相似文献
6.
7.
借助灰色关联分析方法对政府治理和电子参与的关联度进行定量描述和中美比较。研究结果表明,无论是在中国还是美国,政府治理的六个指标即话语权和问责、政治稳定、政府效能、监管质量、法治、腐败控制和电子参与的关联度不尽相同;中国治理水平与电子参与的关联程度大于美国的关联程度;话语权和问责制、政府效能与电子参与的关联度排序存在显著的中美差异。 相似文献
8.
中亚地区石油资源预测储量巨大,在世界能源地缘格局中具有重要战略地位,对中国推进石油进口多元化战略和扩大陆上管道石油进口具有重要作用。文章分析了中亚地区石油资源对中国的保障程度,发现虽然中国对中亚地区石油的投资力度在不断加大,但中亚地区石油对中国石油进口的保障率却极低。通过构建跨国石油投资的风险评价指标体系,运用模糊综合评价模型,对中亚地区石油投资的风险进行了定量评价,发现政策法规风险属于高风险,经济风险、社会文化风险和政治风险属于一般风险,基础设施风险属于低风险,其中矿业权设置、东道国对经营的干预程度、民族文化宗教差异等7个指标具有相当高的高风险发生概率。未来对中亚地区的石油投资合作,既要依据风险评估结果科学合理规避风险,又要寻求破解之道,选择互利共赢的合作模式,确保在中亚地区石油资源开发领域中的优势地位。 相似文献
9.
石油安全是国家经济安全的重要组成部分,对国家经济的发展起着举足轻重的作用.本文从国际比较的角度,对美国、日本、德国、英国、法国、韩国等国石油安全现状和应对策略展开比较,并在此基础上对中国石油安全的现状进行了详细分析,并提出了石油安全的发展策略. 相似文献
10.
关中地区城市干旱脆弱性评价 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
城市干旱脆弱性是指城市系统对城市干旱的敏感性以及由于缺乏应对能力而使系统易于遭受损失的性质和状态;对城市干旱脆弱性及其主要贡献因子的评价分析是城市应对干旱扰动的基础。文章从城市干旱敏感性和应对能力出发构建脆弱性评价系统;在＂基于区域的综合脆弱性＂评价框架下,利用熵值法和贡献度模型,根据关中地区2009年水资源与社会经济统计数据,对关中5市的干旱脆弱性及其主要贡献因子进行分析。结果显示：①渭南、铜川、西安和宝鸡市干旱脆弱性处于中等水平,咸阳市干旱脆弱性水平较低;②关中平原城市干旱脆弱性空间分异与社会经济发展水平差异并不严格一致,敏感性与城市化水平呈正向关系,应对能力同时受社会经济发展和自然因素影响,但自然资源因素发挥着更大作用;③各市干旱脆弱性指标层主要贡献因子各不相同,但呈趋同态势,突出表现在社会干旱敏感性以及应对干旱的技术、自然资源禀赋等因子上。最后,根据评价结果提出相应措施。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
15.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
16.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
17.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
18.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献
19.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献
20.
Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3):267-268
<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese 相似文献