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INTRODUCTION Video packets are transmitted over the Internet using a best-effort service. Therefore, a large number of simultaneous video streams or cross traffic arriving at a network node (e.g. a multimedia gateway) may sometimes exceed the node’s forwarding capacity, i.e., the incoming data rate may exceed the outgoing data rate at the node. In this paper, we consider a scenario where M streaming videos and N conversa- tional videos pass through a network node with lim- ited forwardi… 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION Video content will be the main contributor to the future traffic in multimedia applications. Camcorders, digital cameras and lately mobile phones with video capturing capabilities have resulted in a wide spreading of multimedia to the masses. Quality of the captured/rendered videos is likely to be the major determining factor in the success of the new multi- media applications as well as product differentiation. Video processing chain includes video capturing, video pre-proce… 相似文献
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Winnifred Wijnker Arthur Bakker Tamara van Gog Paul Drijvers 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2019,50(6):3175-3197
Teachers are increasingly using video in their lessons, with various aims (eg, to raise students’ levels of conceptual knowledge or interest). Videos that can be used for educational purposes are numerous, ranging from instruction videos to fiction films. Such videos have different characteristics, for example regarding the amount and structure of information, and the audio-visual presentation. However, guidelines on which video characteristics can help to achieve specific teacher aims are lacking. As a first step towards composing such guidelines, we added a film theory perspective to educational research on videos. The study included seven science teachers, 13 videos, and 233 students (aged 13–18 years). We used teacher interviews, video analyses, student questionnaires and a cross-case analysis connecting all the data. Data analysis followed a grounded theory approach, including open and axial coding to structure the data, and the constant comparative method to interconnect them. The results showed that videos that posed questions were associated with an increase in students’ interest, and that highly informative videos with authoritative speakers were associated with an increase in students self-reported conceptual knowledge gains. Moreover, teachers often did not have explicit aims for using a particular video, and they selected and used videos in their lessons intuitively. Stimulating teachers to use videos in a more aim oriented way may make video usage more effective. From these findings, we developed a framework to assist teachers in selecting or making videos that match their aims, and a model of possible connections between teacher aims and film types as a first step towards guidelines for teachers using educational videos. 相似文献
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Matjaž Debevc Zoran Stjepanovič Andreas Holzinger 《Interactive Learning Environments》2013,21(1):35-50
Web-based and adapted e-learning materials provide alternative methods of learning to those used in a traditional classroom. Within the study described in this article, deaf and hard of hearing people used an adaptive e-learning environment to improve their computer literacy. This environment included streaming video with sign language interpreter video and subtitles. The courses were based on the learning management system Moodle, which also includes sign language streaming videos and subtitles. A different approach is required when adapting e-learning courses for the deaf and hard of hearing: new guidelines must be developed concerning the loading and display of video material. This is shown in the example of the e-learning course, ECDL (European Computer Driving Licence). The usability of the e-learning course is analyzed and confirmed using two methods: first, the Software Usability Measurement Inventory (SUMI) evaluation method, and second, the Adapted Pedagogical Index (AdaPI), which was developed as part of this study, and gives an index to measure the pedagogical effectiveness of e-learning courses adapted for people with disabilities. With 116 participants, of whom 22 are deaf or hard of hearing, the e-learning course for the target group has been found suitable and appropriate according to both evaluation methods. 相似文献
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Krista Slemmons Kele Anyanwu Josh Hames Dave Grabski Jeffery Mlsna Eric Simkins Perry Cook 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2018,27(5):469-479
Popularity of videos for classroom instruction has increased over the years due to affordability and user-friendliness of today’s digital video cameras. This prevalence has led to an increase in flipped, K-12 classrooms countrywide. However, quantitative data establishing the appropriate video length to foster authentic learning is limited, particularly in middle-level classrooms. We focus on this aspect of video technology in two flipped science classrooms at the middle school level to determine the optimal video length to enable learning, increase retention and support student motivation. Our results indicate that while assessments directly following short videos were slightly higher, these findings were not significantly different from scores following longer videos. While short-term retention of material did not seem to be influenced by video length, longer-term retention for males and students with learning disabilities was higher following short videos compared to long as assessed on summative assessments. Students self-report that they were more engaged, had enhanced focus, and had a perceived higher retention of content following shorter videos. This study has important implications for student learning, application of content, and the development of critical thinking skills. This is particularly paramount in an era where content knowledge is just a search engine away. 相似文献
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基于Matlab的无人机侦察视频处理的GUI设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对无人机侦察视频序列抖动剧烈、聚焦困难、目标匹配难等特点,借助Matlab平台,构建了1个实现视频稳定、聚集评估和跟踪匹配等功能的无人机侦察视频处理模块.该模块能有效降低无人机侦察视频序列的抖动特性,并实现了目标聚集评估、跟踪及关键帧提取等一体化功能,在无人机侦察视频处理领域具有良好的应用前景. 相似文献
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Keller Lena Cortina Kai S. Müller Katharina Miller Kevin F. 《Instructional Science》2022,50(2):251-272
Instructional videos are widely used to study teachers’ professional vision. A new technological development in video research is mobile eye-tracking (MET). It has the potential to provide fine-grained insights into teachers’ professional vision in action, but has yet been scarcely employed. We addressed this research gap by using MET video feedback to examine how expert and novice teachers differed in their noticing and weighing of alternative teaching strategies. Expert and novice teachers’ lessons were recorded with MET devices. Then, they commented on what they observe while watching their own teaching videos. Using a mixed methods approach, we found that expert and novice teachers did not differ in the number of classroom events they noticed and alternative teaching strategies they mentioned. However, novice teachers were more critical of their own teaching than expert teachers, particularly when they considered alternative teaching strategies. Practical implications for the field of teacher education are discussed.
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Carmen Zahn Norbert Schaeffeler Katrin Elisabeth Giel Daniel Wessel Ansgar Thiel Stephan Zipfel Friedrich W. Hesse 《Education and Information Technologies》2014,19(3):603-621
Mobile phones and advanced web-based video tools have pushed forward new paradigms for using video in education: Today, students can readily create and broadcast their own digital videos for others and create entirely new patterns of video-based information structures for modern online-communities and multimedia environments. This paradigm shift in video usage can be used for advanced learning about complex topics in higher education, for example, learning about socio-scientific or medical topics. Yet–technology aside–applicable educational concepts using collaborative video creation as a method need to be developed. In the present study, we investigate a specific concept designed to fight obesity stigmatization by developing knowledge using a learning-through-design-approach. We expected that creating videos can actually contribute to a deeper understanding of obesity and to a reduction in stigmatizing attitudes–when compared to a control condition. Dependent measures were based on the students’ video products, obesity-related knowledge and attitudes. The course group assessed their own knowledge on causes of obesity and stigmatization because of obesity higher in the post-test than a control group who read a newspaper article on the topic. A corresponding significant reduction in stigmatizing attitudes was found. In sum, results indicate significant differences between students who produced YouTube videos and a control group of students. The results are interpreted as a confirmation of our initial assumptions and evidence indicating that the program is successfully applicable in higher education. 相似文献
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Tom Cherrett Gary Wills Joe Price Sarah Maynard Itiel E. Dror 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2009,40(6):1124-1134
The cost of health and safety (H&S) failures to the UK industry is currently estimated at up to £6.5 billion per annum, with the construction sector suffering unacceptably high levels of work-related incidents. Better H&S education across all skill levels in the industry is seen as an integral part of any solution. Traditional lecture-based courses often fail to recreate the dynamic realities of managing H&S on site and therefore do not sufficiently create deeper cognitive learning (which results in remembering and using what was learned). The use of videos is a move forward, but passively observing a video is not cognitively engaging and challenging, and therefore learning is not as effective as it can be. This paper describes the development of an interactive video in which learners take an active role. While observing the video, they are required to engage, participate, respond and be actively involved. The potential for this approach to be used in conjunction with more traditional approaches to H&S was explored using a group of 2nd-year undergraduate civil engineering students. The formative results suggested that the learning experience could be enhanced using interactive videos. Nevertheless, most of the learners believed that a blended approach would be most effective. 相似文献
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Jari Multisilta 《Education and Information Technologies》2014,19(3):655-666
The use of videos on the internet has grown significantly in the last few years. For example, Khan Academy has a large collection of educational videos, especially on STEM subjects, available for free on the internet. Professional panoramic video cameras are expensive and usually not easy to carry because of the large size of the equipment. Recently, at least two companies have launched a new type of product that enabled panoramic video for certain smartphone users. The aim of this article is to analyze how panoramic video can be adopted, how attractive it is for actual everyday use, how it is used today, and how technology and other solutions should develop to become popular and accessible for mainstream users in learning applications. This research is based on the qualitative research method, namely content analysis. The analysis involved 1595 panoramic videos that users posted to two panoramic video sites. The videos represent a snapshot of videos from the beginning of the panoramic video sites. The videos were classified in 22 groups. In addition, the comments and discussions related to each of the videos were analyzed. Based on the study, it is concluded that panoramic videos are not yet widely used for learning, even though they have much potential for this purpose. Panoramic videos are good for documenting complex interaction situations in settings where a lower image quality is sufficient. Typical social media features are present in panoramic video sites, but they do not provide any extra support for learning or collaboration. 相似文献
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Nowadays more and more modern medical degree programs focus on self‐directed and problem‐based learning. That requires students to search for high quality and easy to retrieve online resources. YouTube is an emerging platform for learning human anatomy due to easy access and being a free service. The purpose of this study is to make a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the available human heart anatomy videos on YouTube. Using the search engine of the platform we searched for relevant videos using various keywords. Videos with irrelevant content, animal tissue, non‐English language, no sound, duplicates, and physiology focused were excluded from further elaboration. The initial search retrieved 55,525 videos, whereas only 294 qualified for further analysis. A unique scoring system was used to assess the anatomical quality and details, general quality, and the general data for each video. Our results indicate that the human heart anatomy videos available on YouTube conveyed our anatomical criteria poorly, whereas the general quality scoring found borderline. Students should be selective when looking up on public video databases as it can prove challenging, time consuming, and the anatomical information may be misleading due to absence of content review. Anatomists and institutions are encouraged to prepare and endorse good quality material and make them available online for the students. The scoring rubric used in the study comprises a valuable tool to faculty members for quality evaluation of heart anatomy videos available on social media platforms. Anat Sci Educ. 7: 12–18. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
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Jelle de Boer Piet A. M. Kommers Bert de Brock Jos Tolboom 《Education and Information Technologies》2016,21(5):1135-1151
Video is increasingly used as an instructional tool. It is therefore becoming more important to improve learning of students from video. We investigated whether student learning effects are influenced through an instruction about other viewing behaviours, and whether these learning effects depend on their prior knowledge. In a controlled environment, 115 students watched a number of instructional videos about the technical equipment needed in a course on digital photography. Every second student was instructed about other possible viewing behaviours. A pre-post-retention test was carried out to calculate learning effects. The differences with respect to the learning effects of students who received an awareness instruction on an alternative viewing strategy were not significantly different. The differences as observed in our earlier experiment however could not be reproduced. Students with a broad viewing repertoire showed higher learning effects than students with a narrow repertoire. Furthermore, students with a strategic viewing approach also showed higher learning effects. Certain conditions have to be met: the technical and didactical quality of the video must be good, the integration in a learning task must be apparent, students must be aware of their viewing behaviour, and teachers must be aware of their students’ viewing behaviour in order to enrich the viewing repertoire of students when they have at least some basic knowledge e.g. after several lessons on the topics at hand. In future research, this study should be replicated using more complex video episodes than the instruction videos we used in our experiments that were only on the factual knowledge level of the taxonomy of Bloom. Moreover, replication of this study with a larger sample size could yield a significant improvement in learning effects. This is plausible because students need an amount of prior knowledge beyond a certain threshold value in order to be able to expand their knowledge network in their long term memory. Finally, additional media player functionality, facilitating effective student learning from video, can be described based on the results of this study. 相似文献
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Barbara A. Hotelling 《The Journal of perinatal education》2012,21(3):189-192
There are enough worthwhile videos available today so that a Lamaze Certified Childbirth Educator could literally teach an entire class series using only videos and feedback discussion. In this column, the author explores considerations in choosing videos for adult learners in Lamaze birth classes. Some things to consider when using videos should be the adult learner’s attention span, whether the video increases fear of birth or empowers the learner, and if the video is appropriate for the culture of the class participants. Finally, the author provides a list of some of the many wonderful videos available to Lamaze birth educators. 相似文献
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Nan Li Himanshu Verma Afroditi Skevi Guillaume Zufferey Jan Blom Pierre Dillenbourg 《Distance Education》2014,35(2):217-233
Research suggests that massive open online course (MOOC) students prefer to study in groups, and that social facilitation within the study groups may render the learning of difficult concepts a pleasing experience. We report on a longitudinal study that investigates how co-located study groups watch and study MOOC videos together. The study was conducted with on-campus flipped classroom students. Our subjects reported an overall high satisfaction with the study group style. The research reveals that students like to stay synchronized in the group while watching MOOC videos. However, they have to find a balance between synchronization, video interaction, and the amount of conversation. Watching MOOCs on a shared display addresses the need of synchronicity, and the distribution of control can increase the video interactivities. 相似文献
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文章采用实验研究法,以1.0、1.25和1.5倍速播放有字幕和无字幕的MOOC视频,分析视频播放速度对学习者认知加工情况的影响,结果发现:MOOC视频播放速度调整导致画面信息量、解说语速和内容节奏的变化,进而影响学习者的认知加工过程。适当加快播放速度有利于学习者的认知加工,但速度过快则会对学习者的认知加工起到负面影响,而1.25倍速是较为理想的MOOC视频播放速度。播放速度加快时,字幕可以辅助学习者进行认知加工,降低认知负荷。有字幕时,学习者可接受的速度范围较大,1.0、1.25和1.5倍速的学习效果无显著差异;无字幕时,学习者可接受的速度范围较小,1.5倍速的学习效果显著低于1.0、1.25倍速。期望文章的研究及结论对优化MOOC视频设计有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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本文从VFP的课堂教学出发，阐述了在进入VFP后主窗口、命令窗口和程序编辑窗口按需要的字体和字号进行显示控制的实现方法，提高教学效果。 相似文献
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Kimberly Lebak 《Education and Information Technologies》2018,23(5):1789-1804
The goal of this qualitative study was to examine teacher noticing of specific interactions related to the formative assessment process during teachers' participation in an on-line video club. Nineteen teachers used an electronic video coaching platform, Edthena to view peers' videos and provide electronic feedback specific to the formative assessment process. Seven hundred and twenty-seven comments by participants were analyzed for both topics of comments related to interactive formative assessment and the type of response. The findings revealed that comments within the on-line video club focused predominantly on one aspect of formative assessment, questioning. Additionally, teachers were most comfortable validating fellow teachers' practices as opposed to providing recommendations for future practice. Implications for future use of on-line video clubs are included. 相似文献