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1.
为了解水中健身运动对女大学生体适能和功能性动作筛查评分的影响效果,对清华大学40名选修水中健身课的女大学生进行实验研究,并与78名选修游泳课的女大学生进行对照比较。测试指标包括闭眼单足站立、坐位体前屈、绕环过肩、握力、肺活量、立定跳远、仰卧起坐、体重、体成分、功能性动作筛查等。结果发现:(1)水中健身运动可以显著提高女大学生的柔韧素质、平衡能力、呼吸机能和力量素质,并降低体重和体脂率;(2)水中健身运动可以显著提高女大学生的功能性动作筛查评分,下肢力量和核心力量、稳定性和平衡动作评分提高明显;(3)与游泳对照组相比,水中健身运动在提高平衡能力、柔韧素质、力量素质方面效果更明显,降低体脂率效果也更显著。水中健身是非常适合于女大学生的理想运动。  相似文献   

2.
不同健身形式对女性体成分和骨代谢的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
代毅 《中国体育科技》2006,42(2):106-108
探讨不同健身形式对女性体成分和骨代谢的影响。150名女性受试者随机分为1个对照组,9个健身组。9个健身组进行6个月的健身运动,测试运动后的体重、去脂体重、肌力、心功能、血AKP、ACP、E2。结果:1)有氧运动与肌肉力量锻炼相结合可使去脂体重和去脂体重/体重指数明显提高,有氧运动能提高心功能,提示,体成分可作为健身效果评价的重要指标之一。2)经6个月的锻炼,9个运动组的E2浓度明显升高,有氧运动结合肌肉力量训练的AKP活性升高,ACP活性下降,表明,有氧运动对E2的浓度、有氧运动结合肌肉力量对AKP、ACP水平的影响较大。建议健身者在进行有氧运动锻炼时,应加强肌肉力量的训练,以提高去脂体重和骨代谢水平,防治骨质疏松症。  相似文献   

3.
大学生体质机能比较研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
运用可比性原则,比较1991年与1999年大学生体质机能状况,发现男生身体有效成分显著减少,力量素质和心肺功能也显著下降.女生身高、体重、体脂百分比、脂肪重、瘦体重均显著向负面发展,身高、体重体脂百分比均显著较低,力量素质和心血管功能显著下降.分析各项指标的变化原因,提出高校体育改革重点和措施.  相似文献   

4.
采用动静力牵拉运动对我校部分学生进行为期4个月的教学对比实验,运用形态机能指标及派生指标分析法分别对男女大学生的身体形态、机能素质等指标进行比较分析。结果表明:动静力牵拉运动对改善男女大学生的柔韧性和力量素质效果显著;动静力牵拉运动对改变女生体型的作用较大,增加了瘦体重、减少了体脂和身体各部位的放松围度。  相似文献   

5.
运用文献资料法、数理统计法和实验法,对60名女大学生进行16周的有氧舞蹈训练,研究有氧舞蹈对大学女生身体形态、素质、机能的影响。结果显示:实验后女生的体脂百分率和腰臀比存在显著性差异,体重变化不大;800m、立定跳远、1min仰卧起坐存在显著性差异,坐位体前屈无明显变化;肺活量和最大吸氧量指标显著提高,呼吸频率降低。结论:有氧舞蹈能促进女大学生体内多余脂肪的燃耗,减少体脂肪;发展腰腹部力量以及腿部力量;锻炼呼吸器官的功能,提高心肺的工作能力。  相似文献   

6.
人体测量     
G804.49 20023938大学生体质机能比较研究:The research oncomparison of physiques and body functions ofcolleges students:[刊,中,A]/颜,颜雪珍,徐丽平//体育科学研究.-2001.-5(4).-16-17,20表4参2(LF)大学生//体质//机能//比较//研究运用可比性原则,比较1991年与1999年大学生体质机能状况,发现男生身体有效成分显著减少,力量素质和心肺功能也显著下降。女生身高、体重、体脂百分比、脂肪重、瘦体重均显著向负面发展,身高、体重体脂百分比均显著较低,力量素质和心血管功能显著下降。分析各项指标的变化原因,提出高校体育改革重点和措施。  相似文献   

7.
高师女生运动营养教育效果评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
林华  苏艳红 《体育科学》2002,22(2):132-132
研究方法:1采用人体侧量法、问卷法和统计法进行研究.其对象为辽宁师范大学2~3年级女生368名(平均年龄1 9.3± 0.6岁).2对选学此课的学生在第1次课和最后1次课进行间卷.其内容2次基本一样,包括:基础营养学知识,判断人体肥胖的标准,中国居民膳食指南的主要内容,减肥的方式方法,学生的饮食习惯,目前对自己身高和体重的认识,身体锻炼的方式等30个题.3教育前后测量体脂%、身高、体重、腰围、臀围及大腿围.4教育内容主要有,营养学基础知识,营养与健康、健身、运动和减肥.  相似文献   

8.
依据《国家体质健康标准》对南开大学在校10089名本科生进行了体质健康标准测试。调查结果显示:南开大学学生身高标准体重主要表现为正常体重人群比例较低,超重、肥胖学生人数较多,比例较大,身体形态匀程度较差。心血管系统功能和肺功能总体情况良好,且女生的总体状况略高于男生,说明男生的心血管系统的功能、肺通气总量对3min运动定量负荷承受能力和女生相比稍差一些。女生柔韧素质良好,男生上肢肌肉力量素质较高,全校学生下肢肌肉爆发力素质较高,但基本处于中等水平,且女生表现比起男生相对较好,这提示在今后的体育教学和学生自身的体育锻炼中应加强有氧运动健身,提升耐力素质,降低身体成分中脂肪含量,同时应多加强科学健身与膳食营养补充等知识讲授,发挥体育教育的健康教育功能,并结合体质健康标准测试的监测,从而达到全面促进学生健康的目的。  相似文献   

9.
对广州体育学院体教专业体操专项班竞技健美操课学生身体素质及训练进行观察,经过对比分析得出男女生身体素质存在很大差异男生柔韧素质较差,女生力量素质较差。在论文中根据具体情况进行教学及训练方法的研究。  相似文献   

10.
采用文献资料法、测试法和数理统计法,对哈尔滨体育学院健美操专项大学生的体质和身体成分进行监测与评价,旨在了解健美操专项大学生体质和身体成分的变化趋势,为促进学生体质健康发展提供参考。结果显示,健美操专项大学生在四年间,身体形态中身高、体重和体重指数(BMI)变化不大,身体机能中的肺活量和台阶试验指数显著增加(P〈0.05),身体素质中的立定跳远以及男生的握力和女生的柔韧性显著提高(P〈0.05);身体成分中只有男生的体脂重量、体脂百分比、内脏脂肪面积和腰臀比指标都显著下降(P〈0.05),其余指标变化不显著。说明健美操运动训练可改善大学生的身体成分,减少脂肪含量,增加肌肉重量,从而增强呼吸和心血管系统机能,提高肌肉力量素质和柔韧素质。  相似文献   

11.
身体形态就是身体外部形状和特征,它表达了人体体型,是人体生长发育水平评价的主要指标之一。文章采用测量方法,通过对两组样本的身体形态各项指标的比较,其中包括对身高、体重、肢体长度和比例、肢体的围度、宽度以及体脂等身体形态的测试,研究体育专业学生与非体育专业学生的体型差异,探讨造成这种差异的原因,以及体育活动及训练对身体形态的影响。  相似文献   

12.
以男女共36名大学生为研究对象进行18周的珍珠球锻炼,测量并比较锻炼第1周、第10周、第18周体重、BMI、肌肉重、脂肪重、上臂围、腰围、臀围、大腿围等8项体型指标。结果表明,通过18周的珍珠球锻炼,男女大学生各项体型指标都出现积极变化,说明珍珠球运动能够改善大学生的体型,使脂肪减少,肌肉增多,呈现健康体型。  相似文献   

13.
目的:观察毽球运动对中青年妇女的体重、血脂、体重指数及身体形态等指标的影响,探讨毽球运动对中青年妇女的健身作用。实验对象:13名健康中青年妇女。运动方案:毽球运动3个月,每周5次,每次1.5-2h。结果:与运动前相比,受试者体重、BMI、体脂百分数降低,有显著性或非常显著性差异(p0.05,p0.01)。与运动前相比,受试者HDL升高,有显著性差异(p0.05)。与运动前相比,受试者TC、TG降低,有显著性差异(p0.05)。与运动前相比,受试者腰围、腰臀比下降,有显著性或非常显著性差异(p0.05,p0.01);与运动前相比,受试者小腿围显著性升高,有显著性差异(p0.05)。结论:三个月毽球运动可改善中青年妇女的身体成分和血脂水平,有助于改善中青年妇女的体形和促进健康。  相似文献   

14.
交变负荷训练对机体影响的实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用交变负荷力量训练系统,对实验对象进行交变负荷力量训练,通过和传统杠铃下肢力量训练相比较,发现交变负荷力量训练能够在短时间内有效地提高肌肉的最大力量,同时实验对象身体形态指标正常(体重稍有下降、体脂趋于优化)。  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the yearly changes in body composition as well as absolute and relative isokinetic forearm flexion and extension strength of high school wrestlers. Evaluations of body composition (underwater weighing) were performed on 27 high school wrestlers prior to three consecutive seasons. In addition, isokinetic forearm flexion and extension strength values at 180°/s (Cybex II) were available for 20 of the subjects. The mean ages at the times of laboratory testing were 15.5 (± .5), 16.5 (± .5), and 17.5 (± .5) years. Repeated measures ANOVA or ANCOVA with Tukey post-hoc comparisons were used to locate significant (p<.05) differences across age for height, body weight, relative fat, body density, fat weight, fat-free weight, absolute muscular strength, and muscular strength covaried for body weight and fat-free weight. There were yearly increases in all variables except fat weight, forearm flexion covaried for fat-free weight and forearm extension covaried for fat-free weight. The results of this study indicated that the improved wrestling performance and the increase in weight classification which normally occurs during high school are, in part, a function of yearly changes in body composition and muscular strength.  相似文献   

16.
采用交变负荷力量训练系统,对实验对象进行交变负荷力量训练,通过和传统杠铃下肢力量训练相比较,发现交变负荷力量训练能够在短时间内有效地提高肌肉的最大力量,同时实验对象身体形态指标正常(体重稍有下降、体脂趋于优化)。  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in upper and lower body strength as a function of lean body weight and the distribution of muscle and subcutaneous fat in the upper and lower limbs. The subjects were 103 physically active men (n = 48) and women (n = 55). The peak torques produced during shoulder flexion (SF) and knee extension (KE) were used as measures of upper body and lower body strength, respectively. Flexed arm girth, thigh girth, triceps skinfold, and thigh skinfold were used to estimate the distribution of muscle and subcutaneous fat in the limbs. Results of the MANOVA revealed that the overall strength of men was significantly greater than that of women. Results of MANCOVA indicated that the SF and KE strength of women and men did not differ significantly when differences in lean body weight, arm girth, thigh girth, triceps skinfold and thigh skinfold were statistically controlled. High levels of SF and KE strength were associated with a high lean body weight and a large arm girth. Results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that for men a substantial portion of the variance in both SF and KE strength was explained by lean body weight alone; whereas strength variations in women were explained more adequately by including limb variables along with lean body weight. Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that gender differences in upper and lower body strength are a function of differences in lean body weight and the distribution of muscle and subcutaneous fat in the body segments. Upper body strength is relatively more important than lower body strength in characterizing the gender difference in strength.  相似文献   

18.
Body composition measures were collected pre‐, mid‐ and post‐season on a team of eight national‐calibre collegiate women gymnasts to examine intraseason changes. Also analysed were interseason changes using pre‐ and post‐season data on five of the eight subjects during the current and previous year, according to a 2 x 2 (years x tests) analysis of variance repeated‐measures design. Skinfold, circumference and diameter measures were collected with percentage body fat, lean body mass and body density determined by regression equations developed specifically for collegiate female gymnasts.

Intraseason body weight decreased significantly from pre‐ to mid‐season (x = 55.0 and 53.6 kg respectively); but the difference between mid‐ and post‐season (53.9 kg) values was not significant (P>0.05). The majority of the 1.4 kg weight loss occurred during intense pre‐season conditioning and not during the actual season. Percentage body fat, on the other hand, decreased significantly from pre‐to mid‐season and mid‐ to post‐season (x = 21.4%, 17.4% and 13.45% respectively; P<0.0005). Body density increased significantly from pre‐ to mid‐season and mid‐ to post‐season (x = 1.0476, 1.0584 and 1.0681 respectively; P<0.0005). Of the circumference and skinfold values used in calculating percentage body fat and body density, only the skinfold values displayed significant decreases throughout the season.

Interseason analyses revealed no significant changes in any of the dependent measures between seasons, despite consistent trends. There were no significant years x tests interactions and all intraseason changes for two seasons (n = 5) were the same as those found in more detailed analysis of a single season (n = 8) except in the case of weight loss, which was marginally significant (P < 0.046) in the single‐season and not in the dual‐season analysis (P>0.05).

Body composition of these gymnasts changed in many ways within competitive seasons. The most pronounced changes observed were decreases in subcutaneous fat and increases in body density. This study reinforces the need for administrators, coaches and athletes to be concerned with percentage body fat and skinfold measures rather than weight alone when determining if a person is ‘fat’.  相似文献   

19.
通过对北京师范大学部分女性教职工体成分和骨强度的测试,结果发现随着年龄的增加,体重、肌肉也随之增大,且这些指标存在统计学差异性;各年龄段骨强度(STI)、T值、z值无显著性差异;去脂体重均随BMI的增加而增大,存在统计学的差异性;骨强度、T值、z值随着BMI的增加而呈现“橄榄型”。相关性检验还表明身高与骨强度、T值、z值存在负相关,脂肪百分比与STI、T值存在负相关,无统计学上差异;体重、BMI、去脂体重、骨总量与Z值间存在显著的相关性。  相似文献   

20.
选取20名体能类男性运动员,分为力量训练组和有氧训练组进行为期8周的对照实验。实验发现不同运动对人体成分的改变效果不同,力量训练可以促进骨骼肌的增长,有氧训练可以起到降低体重、减小体脂、抑制骨骼肌增长的作用。  相似文献   

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