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1.
Young children’s views are heard rarely in public debates and are often subordinated to adults’ views. This article examines how early childhood staff could support and enhance young children’s participation in public decision making. We argue that when early childhood staff use their expertise in young children’s physical, social and cognitive development to facilitate consultations with young children, they are likely to reinforce the view that young children are unable to form and express their own views. Whatever their intentions, this weakens the notion of children’s rights and undermines young children’s participation in public decision making. In contrast, when staff use their expertise in child development to collaborate with young children, new social structures can emerge in which everyone’s voice is heard. This approach reaffirms staff’s status as experts, but redefines their expertise. Instead of being experts acting on behalf of children, staff become equitable collaborators with children, advancing citizenship for all. 相似文献
2.
Dominic F. Gullo 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2013,41(6):413-421
Since the passage of No Child Left Behind, data-driven decision making has become one of the central foci in schools in their attempt to attain and maintain adequate levels of student academic performance. The importance of early childhood education is well established with language and literacy proficiency in the early years being viewed as a leading indicator in children’s educational development. It provides schools with the initial signs of progress towards academic achievement. In this article, a conceptual framework for improving instructional practice and student outcomes in early childhood language and literacy through data-driven decision making was described. Four questions served as the structure around which the conceptual framework was built. These questions include (1) Why do data need to be collected? (2) What kinds of data need to be collected? (3) How are the data collected? (4) How are the data used for making decisions? Responses to these questions serve as tenets for guiding the decision making process. 相似文献
3.
This article discusses challenges educators face when attempting to sequence moral education. Two factors are identified as primary sources hindering efforts to engage in effective moral education: (a) the premature application of research findings from developmental psychology to classroom practices and (b) the underestimation of the complexity of interactions between development in students' social and moral understandings and their applications in social contexts. Research is reviewed demonstrating that morality develops alongside concepts about societal conventions and zones of personal discretion and privacy. Results of an ongoing study are presented pointing toward a U-shaped pattern in moral development in which frequency of moral choices is higher among younger children and older adolescents than among early adolescents. Research examining contextual moral decision making is discussed in relation to efforts to sequence moral education. 相似文献
4.
College students' decision making is often less than optimal and sometimes leads to negative consequences. The effectiveness of two strategies for improving student decision making—node‐link mapping and social perspective taking (SPT)—are examined. Participants using SPT were significantly better able to evaluate decision options and develop plans, suggesting that college counselors might increase the effectiveness of students' decision making by presenting a simple SPT strategy. 相似文献
5.
由于体制封闭等因素的影响,我国教育政策议程的设置往往与其公共利益价值取向相背离,社会排斥问题显著。我国教育政策议程中的社会排斥主要表现为媒介排斥、制度排斥和自我排斥,这是由媒体自身话语系统的局限性、制度的封闭性以及公众自身等因素造成的。鉴于此,就需要强化媒体在教育政策议程设置中的公众性导向,逐步加大政府决策体制的开放性,不断提高社会公众参与的积极性,以消解或弱化政策议程设置中的社会排斥。 相似文献
6.
Patsy Cooper 《Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education》2013,34(4):293-296
ABSTRACTNew education reforms in Australia, and elsewhere in the world, are calling for degree-qualified early childhood teachers to work in prior to school contexts, including child care. Yet, emerging research indicates that the majority of early childhood graduates are averse to work in child care, with a career desire to work in other contexts – primary, kindergarten, preschool. This paper reports on a pilot study that focused on early childhood teacher preparation, with attention to child care professional experience. Interviews with early childhood teacher educators, including program coordinators, focused on the decision making processes about the child care professional experience. Discourse analysis located some of the competing and complex discursive considerations, illuminating the contingencies and tensions that face early childhood teacher educators. The imperatives on reflective thinking and decision making in complex early childhood teacher education landscapes are illuminated. These contingencies and tensions have implications for the workforce they are charged to prepare, as policy imperatives call for teachers prepared and willing to work in child care. 相似文献
7.
《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(2):197-215
Discourses of public education reform, like that exemplified within the Queensland Government's future vision document, Queensland State Education‐2010 (QSE‐2010), position schooling as a panacea to pervasive social instability and a means to achieve a new consensus. However, in unravelling the many conflicting statements that conjoin to form education policy and inform related literature ( ), it becomes clear that education reform discourse is polyvalent ( ). Alongside visionary statements that speak of public education as a vehicle for social justice are the (re)visionary or those reflecting neoliberal individualism and a conservative politics. In this paper, it is argued that the latter coagulate to form strategic discursive practices which work to (re)secure dominant relations of power. Further, discussion of the characteristics needed by the ‘ideal’ future citizen of Queensland reflect efforts to ‘tame change through the making of the child’ ( , p. 201). The casualties of this (re)vision and the refusal to investigate the pathologies of ‘traditional’ schooling are the children who, for whatever reason, do not conform to the norm of the desired school child as an ‘ideal’ citizen‐in‐the‐making and who become relegated to alternative educational settings. 相似文献
8.
Frans A. Van Vught 《Higher Education in Europe》1991,16(3):57-77
This article explores the relationship between higher education research and the study of public administration, the concpetual perspectives of which are useful for understanding the links between government policy‐making and higher education. A short introduction to the study of public administration is followed by the presentation of six newly evolved concepts of public administration which are labeled as follows: comprehensive rationality, the community action approach, the public choice approach, political systems theory, policy sciences, and contingency and inter‐organizational approaches. All of these have contributed to the eclecticism and the conceptual pluralism of the discipline of public administration as a whole. Having been adapted to the theoretical underpinnings of the administration of higher education, these six concepts have stimulated the development of four theoretical models for the analysis of decision‐making processes in higher education: the analytical or rational actor model, the garbage can or organized anarchy model, the collegiality model, and the political model. Specific problems in higher education administration have been addressed, as they have arisen, with reference to one or more of the six concepts and the four decision‐making models. For the future, the public administration approach to higher education will be most likely to draw upon the study of co‐ordination mechanisms in collective decision‐making processes and the comparative analysis of the external functions and performances of government. 相似文献
9.
Nelly P. Stromquist Jing LinCarol Corneilse Steven J. KleesTruphena Choti Caitlin S. Haugen 《International Journal of Educational Development》2013
This study focuses on cultural and institutional factors that affect women's decision to become primary school teachers in Liberia. It exposes current dynamics that account for the male-dominated primary school teaching force and the barriers that dissuade women from becoming teachers. Based on semistructured interviews with pre-service and practicing teachers, school administrators, faculty at teacher training institutions, and Ministry of Education officials, the research findings indicate that women face several cultural barriers to receiving an education: patrilineal assumptions that daughters are destined to become resources for their husbands’ families (and thus a poor investment), early onset of sexual activity and teenage pregnancy, and social expectations about early family formation. Women who enter teacher training programs receive no recognition for their children and family responsibilities and are given insufficient financial support. When women do become teachers, they face difficult working conditions such as distant schools, poor housing facilities, late payments, and large classes filled with overage students. The probability of rural assignment brings additional dissuading factors: poor quality roads and few transportation options, a dearth of safe housing, and lack of childcare services. The study offers several policy options for increasing female teachers in the workforce. 相似文献
10.
Keri Wilton 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1994,41(2):143-158
Current policy developments are intended to broaden the group of children receiving special education provisions traditionally reserved for those with mild intellectual disability. A definite policy has been formulated to close special classes and the use of individualized intelligence testing has been largely discontinued as a basis for establishing special educational need‐‐thus ostensibly providing greater flexibility for service allocation. The term “backward” (the traditional term for mild intellectual disability in New Zealand) has been rejected, and children with mild intellectual disability are now included in a new category “children with educational and social difficulties"‐‐a category which also includes children with specific learning difficulties, those with mild sensory disabilities, and those with mild emotional/behavioural difficulties. It is argued that available resources are grossly insufficient to provide high quality special educational services for all “children with educational and social difficulties,” that the decision to close special classes represents a premature and unsound reduction in the range of options available to children with mild intellectual disability, and that research into the effects of current policies on the lives of learners with mild intellectual disability and their families is urgently required but will now be very difficult to undertake. 相似文献
11.
Billroy Powell 《高等教育研究与发展》2008,27(4):385-397
This paper reports the findings of a study conducted on stakeholders’ perception of who influences the decision‐making processes in Ontario’s public postsecondary education institutions. The study identified and interviewed representatives of those stakeholder groups that are frequently written about as the main forces behind decision making in colleges and universities. This is a qualitative research study in which four institutions were selected for case studies. The findings suggest that administrations are the most influential, and faculty unions/associations are the least influential in Ontario’s (Canada’s second largest and most populated province) public colleges and universities. It is concluded that those in central positions with access to information from all levels, and who are in close proximity to the gatekeepers of the institutions, will dominate the decision‐making processes in postsecondary education institutions. They will be the generators and harvesters of ideas and implementers of decisions. 相似文献
12.
随着全球化竞争的加剧,美国社会对早期保育与教育项目的期待不断更新和提升,美国传统的幼教价值观和幼教系统受到了挑战。美国早期教育领域未来的发展趋势是:在促进儿童发展适宜性实践的框架里定义和提升儿童学业成就;在保持早期教育独特性的前提下与初等教育有效合作;在提升早期教育质量中促进儿童学习机会的公平。借鉴美国的经验,我国学前教育的发展要注意通过对话保持社会期待和儿童适宜发展间的平衡;将树立现代儿童观作为首要任务;把提升教师专业水平作为合理回应社会期待的关键。 相似文献
13.
顺应全球化:发展中国家高等教育的变迁与改革 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
随着全球化经济就业模式的变化及对技能的需求 ,高等教育的内涵出现了变化。旨在满足国家优先发展战略的自上而下的高等教育投资政策已难以满足大众的迫切需求 ,基于个人和社会需求的自下而上的决策观更能满足人才、职业全球流动性日益增加的社会现实。根植于学术研究的知识生产模式难以在新形势下发挥作用 ,而与自下而上的政策建构相适应的知识生产模式 ,将有利于发展中国家在国际高等教育市场中保持竞争力 相似文献
14.
Diane E. Strangis Kristen M. Kemple Tashawna Duncan 《Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education》2013,34(3):287-291
Abstract Social development is an important developmental domain for children ages birth through age 8. Increasingly, children with disabilities are included in general education classrooms. Preservice teachers need to develop the knowledge base and decision‐making skills regarding teacher roles and strategies related to peer social competence and inclusion. This paper focuses on how the faculty in the preservice Unified Early Childhood Education PROTEACH program at the University of Florida uses frameworks, including a hierarchy and continuum of interventions for promoting peer social competence, and frameworks for reflective teaching and collaborative teaming. 相似文献
15.
以计划行为理论为基础,从成本收益预期、风险认知、子女现实条件及家庭资源禀赋等方面分析中职教育决策行为态度的影响因素;从社会关系人和组织的影响角度分析主观规范的影响因素;从对子女顺利完成中职学业的期望、家庭社会经济条件支撑、中职学校办学条件、家庭社会资本以及政策信息传递等方面的认知分析感知行为控制的影响因素。最后从引导形成积极的行为态度、强化主体规范作用、增强感知行为控制三方面提出积极引导农户做出理性中等职业教育决策的建议。 相似文献
16.
Melanie Nind Rosie Flewitt Jane Payler 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2010,31(6):653-670
This paper tells of the social experiences of three four‐year‐old children with learning disabilities as they negotiate their daily lives in their homes and early education settings in England. We apply a social model of childhood disability to the relatively unexplored territory of young children and use vignettes drawn from video observation to explore the interactive spaces contained in settings with different cultures of inclusion. Using a multimodal approach to the data we show the nuanced ways in which the children enact their agency. We explore the relationships between agency, culture and structure, and argue that children with learning disabilities are active in making meaning within social and relational networks to which they contribute differently depending on the barriers to doing and being that each network presents. Thus, the paper provides an original use of the notion of distributed competence. 相似文献
17.
黎明琳 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2012,(3):21+23
公共决策中的社会参与水平是衡量现代公共决策民主化程度的一项重要指标。公共决策参与程度的高低直接决定着决策的社会认可度和合法性。因此,在我国社会转型的关键阶段,应当从公共决策体制的转型、公共决策参与平台的扩大以及公众决策参与的意识和能力培育等方面加以改革和完善,进一步提高我国公共决策的科学化、民主化、合法化。 相似文献
18.
Andrea Klindworth 《Research in Science Education》1993,23(1):156-164
Emotional responses from local community groups to the establishment of new industrial activities, involving toxic chemicals,
are common. The need for more public education about chemical hazards has often been stated. In the eastern suburbs of Melbourne,
PCBs have been stored since 1985, pending their destruction. Council approval for the siting of a pilot plant for their treatment
recently caused controversy. This paper presents an analysis of the situation, defines the knowledge needed by ordinary people
to participate effectively and rationally in decision making and discusses the acquisition of that knowledge in a community
setting. It is not the intention of the author to discuss the contribution that could be made through formal secondary education.
Specializations: primary science teacher education, computers in education, environmental education, social responsibility in science. 相似文献
19.