共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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张晓东 《浙江教育学院学报》2011,(6):7-12
日语中存在同一汉字有不同音读的现象,这给日语学习者在词汇习得上造成了一定的障碍。通过对单个汉字音读间的语义区别、不同音读与字频关联性的分析考察,探讨同一汉字不同音读间的语义关系。新发现14个日语常用汉字存在不同音读间语义区别明显的情况。语义丰富词汇多的汉字中容易出现不同音读,而语义单一词汇少的汉字中读音趋于统一。 相似文献
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Good sentence construction, the act of writing multiple words into sentence types that make semantic and syntactic sense, is needed for clear and meaningful written expression. The present study investigated the effects of a multi‐component writing intervention, sentence instruction and frequency building to a performance criterion, on the simple sentence construction of intermediate‐grade level students with high‐incidence disabilities. Four special education teachers delivered intervention to small groups of two students, a total of eight students, and assessed for retention. Overall results were positive but inconsistent across the small groups. Three of the four small groups improved their text writing within simple sentences during and following intervention, and moderate to large Tau‐U values for correct word sequences and for incorrect word sequences, respectively, were found. Results suggest that postinstruction writing fluency practice can be an effective part of writing intervention for intermediate‐grade level students with high‐incidence disabilities. 相似文献
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Gisèle Lemoyne Jacinthe Giroux Diane Biron 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1990,5(3):273-291
This study analyses children development of semantic, linguistic, procedural and schematic knowledge in the context of writing arithmetic word problems. 139 children aged between 8 and 12 years old were presented with a task which consisted in writing arithmetic word problems, according to some contraints: words, questions or measures to include in their problems; type of problems to write. Results show the relevance of actual theoritical models of problem solving (Mayer, 1983; Kintsch & Greeno, 1985). Schematic knowledge seem indeed more important than other knowledge in the process of writing arithmetic word problems; semantic knowledge are also used to choose relevant numbers or measures; the roles of linguistic and procedural knowledge seem less evident. Finally, some hypotheses related with the development of mental models of arithmetic word problems are formulated. 相似文献
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惯用语在书面语和口语中广泛使用,是日语学习中的重要一环。然而一直以来日语教学中惯用语却未受到足够重视。惯用语中占比最大的是身体词惯用语,且使用频率很高。文章以"目"类惯用语为例,探讨惯用语教学思路,通过分析日语惯用语的语义和语义扩展模式,结合与汉语惯用语语义扩展的对比,提示一些惯用语教学思路,使学生更有效地理解掌握惯用语。 相似文献
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This study examined the semantic effect on retrieval of radicals ofJapanese kanji. In the retrieval task, a stimulus word written inhiragana (Japanese syllabary) was presented one by one on a display, andparticipants quickly named the left radical of the target kanjicharacter that corresponded to the stimulus hiragana word. It was foundthat the mean naming latency was shorter and fewer errors were made whenthe left radicals were semantically related to the target kanji thanwhen they were not. Also remarkable was a momentary retrieval failure(i.e., no response) characterized as a `tip-of-the-pen' state which evena high-frequency word precipitated more often in the semanticallyunrelated condition. These results highlight a critical role thatmeaning plays in the activation of orthographic forms of kanji. Somecharacteristic features of writing in kanji are discussed. 相似文献
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Two experiments explored the taxonomic organization of mental lexicons in deaf and hearing college students. Experiment 1 used a single-word association task to examine relations between categories and their members. Results indicated that both groups' lexical knowledge is similar in terms of overall organization, with associations between category names and exemplars stronger for hearing students; only the deaf students showed asymmetrical exemplar-category relations. Experiment 2 used verbal analogies to explore the application of taxonomic knowledge in an academically relevant task. Significant differences between deaf and hearing students were obtained for six types of analogies, although deaf students who were better readers displayed response patterns more like hearing students'. Hearing students' responses reflected their lexical organization; deaf students' did not. These findings implicate the interaction of word knowledge, world knowledge, and literacy skills, emphasizing the need to adapt instructional methods to student knowledge in educational contexts. 相似文献
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Young children's knowledge about printed names 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Four experiments examined young children's knowledge about the visual characteristics of writing, specifically personal names. Children younger than 4 years of age, even those who could read no simple words, showed some knowledge about the horizontal orientation of English names, the Latin letters that make them up, and their left-to-right directionality. Preschoolers also had some familiarity with the shapes of the letters in their own first name, especially the leftmost letter. Knowledge of the conventional capitalization pattern for English names emerged later, after a period during which children preferred names in all uppercase letters. When tested with personal names, the kind of word they know best, young children are surprisingly knowledgeable about the visual characteristics of writing. 相似文献
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任其怿 《内蒙古大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2007,39(1):15-20
日伪时期，日本在内蒙古西部不仅强制推行日本语教育，而且在社会中大量使用日本语。日本语的使用除日常会话外，还表现为在汉语言文字中大量使用日本语汉字词汇。其中，有两个现象值得研究：一是官制中一些政府机构的名称和官职的名称改用日本语词汇表达；二是政府公文、法令中广泛使用以前未引进的日本语词汇。这些现象是日本推行殖民统治的必然结果，属于文化侵略活动。 相似文献
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Tomohiro Inoue George K. Georgiou Naoko Muroya Hisao Maekawa Rauno Parrila 《Reading and writing》2017,30(6):1335-1360
We examined the role of different cognitive skills in word reading (accuracy and fluency) and spelling accuracy in syllabic Hiragana and morphographic Kanji. Japanese Hiragana and Kanji are strikingly contrastive orthographies: Hiragana has consistent character-sound correspondences with a limited symbol set, whereas Kanji has inconsistent character-sound correspondences with a large symbol set. One hundred sixty-nine Japanese children were assessed at the beginning of grade 1 on reading accuracy and fluency, spelling, phonological awareness, phonological memory, rapid automatized naming (RAN), orthographic knowledge, and morphological awareness, and on reading and spelling at the middle of grade 1. The results showed remarkable differences in the cognitive predictors of early reading accuracy and spelling development in Hiragana and Kanji, and somewhat lesser differences in the predictors of fluency development. Phonological awareness was a unique predictor of Hiragana reading accuracy and spelling, but its impact was relatively weak and transient. This finding is in line with those reported in consistent orthographies with contained symbol sets such as Finnish and Greek. In contrast, RAN and morphological awareness were more important predictors of Kanji than of Hiragana, and the patterns of relationships for Kanji were similar to those found in inconsistent orthographies with extensive symbol sets such as Chinese. The findings suggested that Japanese children learning two contrastive orthographic systems develop partially separate cognitive bases rather than a single basis for literacy acquisition. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of Curriculum-Based Measures in writing for English learners. Participants were 36 high school English learners with moderate to high levels of English language proficiency. Predictor variables were type of writing prompt (picture, narrative, and expository), time (3, 5, and 7 min), and scoring procedure (words written, words spelled correctly, correct word sequences, correct minus incorrect word sequences). Criterion variables were teacher ratings of writing performance and student performance on the Test of Written Language-III, the writing subtest of the Test of Emerging Academic English, and the Minnesota state writing test. Results supported the validity and reliability of a 5 to 7-min writing sample written in response to a narrative or picture prompt and scored for percent of correct word sequences, correct minus incorrect word sequences, or words written plus correct minus incorrect word sequences. 相似文献
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Two experiments and three measures of lexical skills (word finding, rapid automatized naming, receptive vocabulary) were administered to 24 third and 24 fifth graders. Each experiment included two between-subject variables (grade and sex) and four within-subject variables (mode of sentence presentation – one word and one-sentence-at-a-time; word type – orthographic, phonological and semantic foils; position of foil in sentence – beginning, middle, and end; and sentence type – meaningful and nonsense). The experiments contrasted on reading comprehension task: receptive sentence acceptability (Experiment 1) or expressive sentence reproduction (Experiment 2). One-word-at-a-time presentation, which highlights the lexical unit, resulted in better accuracy on the expressive task that required verbatim reproduction than on the forced choice receptive task. Word finding and rapid automatized naming that require active production of phonologically-referenced name codes, but not receptive vocabulary, were correlated with measures of word recognition and reading comprehension in the experiments and on the psychometric tests. These results are consistent with Perfetti's contention that a phonologically-based name code is the heart of lexical access. 相似文献
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Linda H. Mason Megan Dunn Davison Carol Scheffner Hammer Carol A. Miller J. James Glutting 《Reading and writing》2013,26(7):1133-1158
Many students struggle with gaining knowledge and writing about content text material and therefore require effective intervention. In a randomized controlled trial study, 77 low-achieving fourth-grade students received reading comprehension instruction or reading comprehension plus writing instruction or were assigned to a no-treatment control. Knowledge outcomes were evaluated through students’ retelling and performance on a standardized reading test. Written language-based outcomes were analyzed using a computer software program for semantic and syntactic measures. Analyses indicated that students in reading comprehension instruction and reading comprehension plus writing instruction outperformed the control group on oral and written retelling, a standardized reading test, and semantic measures. Syntactic measures, however, did not show statistically significant differences by treatment or control group. Implications for including language instruction and assessments within multi-component instruction are suggested. 相似文献
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Young-Suk Kim Stephanie Al Otaiba Cynthia Puranik Jessica Sidler Folsom Luana Gruelich 《Reading and writing》2014,27(2):237-253
In the present study we examined the relation between alphabet knowledge fluency (letter names and sounds) and letter writing automaticity, and unique relations of letter writing automaticity and semantic knowledge (i.e., vocabulary) to word reading and spelling over and above code-related skills such as phonological awareness and alphabet knowledge. These questions were addressed using data from 242 English-speaking kindergartners and employing structural equation modeling. Results showed letter writing automaticity was moderately related to and a separate construct from alphabet knowledge fluency, and marginally (p = .06) related to spelling after accounting for phonological awareness, alphabet knowledge fluency, and vocabulary. Furthermore, vocabulary was positively and uniquely related to word reading and spelling after accounting for phonological awareness, alphabet knowledge fluency, and letter writing automaticity. 相似文献
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Kim Viel‐Ruma David E. Houchins Kristine Jolivette Laura D. Fredrick Robert Gama 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2010,25(2):97-108
Students with disabilities often struggle with writing tasks. In order to improve the written expression performance of high school students with deficits in written expression, a Direct Instruction writing program was implemented. The participants were six high school students in programs for individuals with learning disabilities. Three of the six students were served in programs for students who are English Language Learners. Using a multiple‐probe across‐participants design, the effect of the writing program was examined. The intervention was implemented over a 5‐week period with maintenance checks conducted 2 and 4 weeks after the termination of instruction. Results were variable, but there appeared to be a positive trend in student writing performance as measured by correct word sequence, length of text, and the TOWL‐3. Implications for practice and future directions are also provided. 相似文献