共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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运动性骨骼肌微损伤(exercise-induced muscle damage,EIMD)会引起肌肉功能的暂时性下降,如果处理不当,还可能造成更严重的损伤或者过度训练,甚至导致运动员运动寿命的结束.但是,已有研究表明恰当的离心运动训练在导致EIMD的同时比向心运动训练更能促进肌纤维肥大和相应的肌力增长,并且还有典型的"重复训练效应",即EIMD恢复后一段时期内,肌肉重复同样的运动所引起的损伤或延迟性肌肉酸痛(DOMS)明显减轻.因此对其进行深入的研究不但有利于指导运动员避免或者减轻EIMD所带来的负面影响,同时有助于进一步阐明机体对运动训练产生适应的过程或机制.EIMD的诱发机制目前还不清楚,各种假说从本质上可以归纳为机械损伤学说和代谢紊乱学说.但不管是哪种机制诱发了EIMD,众多的实验结果已经证明机体在EIMD过程中发生了深刻的代谢变化,因此从代谢的角度对EIMD进行系统研究将成为此领域研究的重要方向. 相似文献
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DOMS和EIMD的机制主要有机械损伤、代谢产物堆积、肌肉痉挛、急性炎症反应、自由基损伤等学说,目前常用的检测指标有Mb、MHC、CK、CK．MM及其亚型、sTnI、IL-6和骨骼肌骨架蛋白desmin等,CK-MM及其亚型、sTnI和IL-6可以作为运动性骨骼肌损伤检测的特异性敏感标志物：运动预处理、适宜的物理手段、抗氧化剂、药物以及传统医疗手段能减轻DOMS,对EIMD具有一定的保护作用。 相似文献
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目的:观察补充烟酸对大鼠运动性骨骼肌损伤(EIMD)的影响。方法:成年大鼠90只随机等分为对照组(Cs)和烟酸组(Es),各组又分安静对照组、运动后即刻组、运动后24h、运动后48 h及运动后72 h组。运动方式:18 m/min,-16°,120 min。烟酸灌胃(10 mg/kg)每日1次至动物宰杀。腹主动脉血测肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,比目鱼肌观察形态学变化及组蛋白去乙酰化酶1(SIRT1)、p65和20 S蛋白水解酶蛋白表达。结果:烟酸补充可减轻大鼠EIMD各时相点骨骼肌大量炎症灶的百分率,升高运动后即刻SIRT1水平及降低p65表达,对各时相点20 S蛋白水解酶及血清CK和LDH影响不明显。结论:烟酸通过上调骨骼肌SIRT1及降低p65表达,改善非力竭性EIMD炎症过程,但不影响20 S蛋白水解酶表达及血清CK和LDH水平。 相似文献
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以赛带练的内稳态研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
运动训练的目的是建立运动水平稳定发挥的项目内稳态(sport-specific homeostasis,SSH).对于建立SSH,必须处于内稳态的系统称为SSH必需系统(SSH-essential system,SES),其它可以允许不处于内稳态的系统称为SSH非必需系统(SSH-non-essential system,SNS).从SSH的角度将运动训练分为超常训练(extraordinary training,ET)和常规训练(ordinary training,OT)两类.ET建立SES内稳态(SES homeostasis,SESH),OT则是在维持SESH的前提下建立和维持SNS内稳态(SNS homeostasis,SNSH).SESH的品质决定运动水平,SNSH的品质决定运动水平转化为运动成绩的程度.从SSH的角度可以将训练系列描述为训练阶梯:ET1-OT1-ET2-OT2-…OTn-competition(EC),EC1-EC2.…-.OT在消除ET的疲劳之后,进一步提高运动成绩的关键是以赛带练. 相似文献
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从内稳态的角度讨论了海拔、纬度、队服颜色、年龄和体形等因素对比赛结果的影响。研究认为球员的运动水平由足球运动特异的内稳态(football-specific homeostasis,FbSH)来维持。FbSH可以抵抗小的干扰,但会被应激所打破。处于应激内稳态(stress-specific homeostasis,StSH)的应激可以将FbSH1成功转化为FbSH2,但同时出现的多种应激不可能各自处于StSH,只能打破FbSH,导致比赛成绩下降。足球世界杯比赛中,参赛国家和东道主国家的纬度差异可以形成阳光应激。阳光应激越大,输球的可能性越大。 相似文献
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目的：观察补充吡咯喹啉醌(PQQ)对力竭运动所致小鼠心肌损伤、氧化应激和细胞凋亡的影响,探讨其对运动性心肌损伤产生保护作用的可能机制。方法：40只7周龄雄性昆明小鼠,按体重随机分为正常对照组(NC组)、力竭运动组(E组)、PQQ小剂量(5mg/kg/d)+力竭运动组(LE组)、PQQ中剂量(10mg/kg/d)+力竭运动组(ME组)、PQQ大剂量(20mg/kg/d)+力竭运动组(HE组),每组8只。力竭运动各组小鼠尾部负重3%体重的负荷,进行6d/周,1次/d的力竭游泳运动,共2周。采用Elisa和化学比色法测定小鼠血清和心肌组织生化指标,Real-time PCR法检测心肌凋亡因子Caspase-3、Bax和Bcl-2的基因表达。结果：(1)与NC组相比,E组小鼠血清cTnⅠ水平和CK-MB活性显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);心肌组织SOD和GSH-PX活性明显降低(P<0.01,P<0.05);MDA含量、Bax/Bcl-2比值和caspase-3 mRNA表达水平显著增加(P<0.01)。(2)与E组相比,除HE组小鼠血清cTnⅠ水平和心肌... 相似文献
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有氧代谢不可避免地产生活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS).尽管过多的ROS具有毒性作用,但一定的ROS却在细胞信号转导和抗氧化酶基因表达上起着重要的作用.运动训练能建立和维持氧化-抗氧化内稳态(oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis,OAH).OAH可以将ROS维持在一定的水平.OAH可以抵抗的ROS涨落有一定的范围(OAH-specific ROS level zone,oROZ),其最大值和最小值分别记为maxROZ和minROZ.将刚能引起氧化应激的ROS称为应激ROS水平(stressful ROS level,sROS).如果ROS水平经常低于minROZ,OAH就会退化.当ROS水平超过maxROZ达到sROS时,就可以打破现有OAH,建立抗氧化能力更强的新OAH.如果ROS水平引起细胞凋亡或损伤,补充外源性抗氧化剂是有益的.如果将ROS水平降低到minROZ之下,就会影响OAH的维持,外源性抗氧化剂的补充是有害的.如果将sROS降低到oROZ之中,就会影响新的OAH的建立,外源性抗氧化剂的补充是无益的. 相似文献
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为了观察力竭运动应激后对小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞钾离子通道表达以及对细胞调节性容积减少(regulatory volume decrease,RVD)的影响,探讨力竭运动应激导致的免疫抑制的可能机制.复制小鼠力竭模型后从外周血中分离出T淋巴细胞,测定其淋巴细胞转化功能,采用RT-PCR、Western blot分别从基因和蛋白质水平揭示力竭运动应激对小鼠外周血T细胞Kv1.3表达的调节作用,采用细胞成像系统测定T淋巴细胞在低渗透压时细胞容积的变化.结果显示力竭运动应激小鼠T淋巴细胞功能受抑制(P＜0.05),小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞Kv1.3 mRNA和蛋白质表达水平明显下调(P＜0.05),力竭运动应激会影响RVD的调节能力.结果说明,力竭运动应激导致小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞Kv 1.3 mRNA和蛋白质表达水平明显下调,RVD调节能力下降,提示力竭运动应激条件下免疫功能的抑制可能与钾通道有关. 相似文献
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Meghan A. Brown Emma J. Stevenson Glyn Howatson 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(1):95-102
AbstractTart Montmorency cherry concentrate (MC) has been reported to attenuate the symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and to accelerate exercise recovery, which has been attributed to its high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Although these data are promising, there are no data regarding exclusively female populations. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to examine the efficacy of MC on recovery following EIMD in females. In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, twenty physically active females (mean?±?SD age 19?±?1?y; stature 167?±?6?cm; body mass 61.4?±?5.7?kg) consumed MC or a placebo (PL) for eight days (30?mL twice per day). Following four days of supplementation, participants completed a repeated-sprint protocol and measures of muscle soreness (DOMS), pain pressure threshold (PPT), limb girth, flexibility, muscle function, and systemic indices of muscle damage and inflammation were collected pre, immediately post (0?h) and 24, 48 and 72?h post-exercise. Time effects were observed for all dependent variables (p?<?0.05) except limb girth and high sensitivity C-reactive protein. Recovery of countermovement jump height was improved in the MC group compared to PL (p?=?0.016). There was also a trend for lower DOMS (p?=?0.070) and for higher PPT at the rectus femoris (p?=?0.071) in the MC group. The data demonstrate that MC supplementation may be a practical nutritional intervention to help attenuate the symptoms of muscle damage and improve recovery on subsequent days in females. 相似文献
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Nuno Casanova Joana F. Reis João R. Vaz Rita Machado Bruno Mendes Duane C. Button 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(1):56-63
Two experiments (n = 10) were conducted to determine the effects of roller massager (RM) on ankle plantar flexor muscle recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Experiment 1 examined both functional [i.e., ankle plantar flexion maximal isometric contraction and submaximal (30%) sustained force; ankle dorsiflexion maximal range of motion and resistance to stretch; and medial gastrocnemius pain pressure threshold] and morphological [cross-sectional area, thickness, fascicle length, and fascicle angle] variables, before and immediately, 1, 24, 48, and 72 h after an EIMD stimulus. Experiment 2 examined medial gastrocnemius deoxyhaemoglobin concentration kinetics before and 48 h after EIMD. Participants performed both experiments twice: with (RM) and without (no-roller massager; NRM) the application of a RM (6 × 45 s; 20-s rest between sets). RM intervention did not alter the functional impairment after EIMD, as well as the medial gastrocnemius morphology and oxygenation kinetics (P > 0.05). Although, an acute increase of ipsilateral (RM = + 19%, NRM = ?5%, P = 0.032) and a strong tendency for contralateral (P = 0.095) medial gastrocnemius pain pressure threshold were observed. The present results suggest that a RM has no effect on plantar flexors performance, morphology, and oxygenation recovery after EIMD, except for muscle pain pressure threshold (i.e., a soreness). 相似文献
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裴彩利 《体育科技文献通报》2006,14(12):57-59
延迟性肌肉酸痛症(DOMS)是大强度运动训练后疲劳的重要机体表现之。本文通过文献资料法,综述了近几年国内对DOMS的研究成果,阐述了DOMS产生的机制、评价及预防和治疗,从整体上了解DOMS。进一步对DOMS研究的四个方面提出观点。 相似文献
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研究目的:延迟性肌肉酸痛实验模型设计是其研究的重要组成部分而实验对象年龄也是延迟性肌肉酸痛的影响因素之一,探讨延迟性肌肉酸痛实验模型设计及实验对象的年龄特征,建立更便捷有效的延迟性肌肉酸痛实验模型。研究方法:文献资料法。结果与结论:1)成年人作为研究对象,能承受相对强度较大的运动,实验数据相对稳定,更有利于实验的进行;延迟性肌肉酸痛对老年人骨骼肌是否具有重塑的作用,还有待进一步研究。2)建议以人体的非惯用肢体大强度离心运动为主诱导延迟性肌肉酸痛的实验模型。3)延迟性肌肉酸痛的模型基本基于肢体进行不同负荷、形式的改变进行研究。建议选取可行性较高,操作简单且人为干预较少,诱导酸痛明显的方法,如:纵跳、斜面提踵、负重肘屈伸。4)疼痛识别可采用直观的视觉模拟量表。 相似文献
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David M. High Edward T. Howley B. Don Franks 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):357-361
Abstract It has been suggested in the lay literature that static stretching and/or warm-up will prevent the occurrence of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effects of static stretching and!or warm-up on the level of pain associated with DOMS. Sixty-two healthy male and female volunteers were randomly assigned to four groups: (a) subjects who statically stretched the quadriceps muscle group before a step, (b) subjects who only performed a stepping warm-up, (c) subjects who both stretched and performed a stepping warm-up prior to a step test, and (d) subjects who only performed a step test. The step test (Asmussen, 1956) required subjects to do concentric work with their right leg and eccentric work with their left leg to voluntary exhaustion. Subjects rated their muscle soreness on a ratio scale from zero to six at 24-hour intervals for 5 days following the step test. A 4×2×2 ANOVA with repeated measures on legs and Duncan's New Multiple Range post-hoc test found no difference in peak muscle soreness among the groups doing the step test or for gender (p > .05). There was the expected significant difference in peak muscle soreness between eccentrically and concentrically worked legs, with the eccentrically worked leg experiencing greater muscle soreness. We concluded that static stretching and!or warm-up does not prevent DOMS resulting from exhaustive exercise. 相似文献
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Timothy W. Tourville Declan A. J. Connolly Brian V. Reed 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):941-949
Abstract Ten healthy males and ten healthy females aged 21.5 ± 3.2 years (mean ± s) participated in the study, which was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of sensory level-high volt pulsed electrical current (HVPC) on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Arm discomfort, elbow extension range of motion and isometric elbow flexion strength were obtained as baseline measurements. Delayed-onset muscle soreness was induced in the participants' dominant or non-dominant arm using two sets of 20 maximal eccentric elbow flexion contractions. After the induction of DOMS, the participants were randomly divided into an experimental condition (HVPC) or a placebo condition. The experimental condition consisted of 20 min of HVPC immediately after the induction of DOMS, and 20 min every 24 h for three consecutive days thereafter. The participants in the placebo condition received an intervention similar in design; however, no electrical current was administered. Baseline measurements were reevaluated at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the induction of DOMS. Three weeks later, the participants returned and the protocol was repeated on the contralateral limb, using the opposite intervention (HVPC or placebo). Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant increase in overall arm discomfort, decrease in elbow extension and decrease in isometric strength for both conditions over time. No significant main effect of treatment, or time-by-treatment interaction, was found for the HVPC condition when compared with the placebo condition for any variable. Sensory-level HVPC, as utilized in our application, was ineffective in reducing the measured variables associated with DOMS. 相似文献
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Daniel J. Owens Craig Twist James N. Cobley Glyn Howatson 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(1):71-85
AbstractExercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is characterized by symptoms that present both immediately and for up to 14 days after the initial exercise bout. The main consequence of EIMD for the athlete is the loss of skeletal muscle function and soreness. As such, numerous nutrients and functional foods have been examined for their potential to ameliorate the effects of EIMD and accelerate recovery, which is the purpose of many nutritional strategies for the athlete. However, the trade-off between recovery and adaptation is rarely considered. For example, many nutritional interventions described in this review target oxidative stress and inflammation, both thought to contribute to EIMD but are also crucial for the recovery and adaptation process. This calls into question whether long term administration of supplements and functional foods used to target EIMD is indeed best practice. This rapidly growing area of sports nutrition will benefit from careful consideration of the potential hormetic effect of long term use of nutritional aids that ameliorate muscle damage. This review provides a concise overview of what EIMD is, its causes and consequences and critically evaluates potential nutritional strategies to ameliorate EIMD. We present a pragmatic practical summary that can be adopted by practitioners and direct future research, with the purpose of pushing the field to better consider the fine balance between recovery and adaptation and the potential that nutritional interventions have in modulating this balance. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):337-344
AbstractExercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), described as the acute weakness of the musculature after unaccustomed eccentric exercise, increases oxidative metabolism at rest and during endurance exercise. However, it is not known whether oxygen uptake during recovery from endurance exercise is increased when experiencing symptoms of EIMD. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of EIMD on physiological and metabolic responses before, during and after sub-maximal running. After a 12 h fast, eight healthy male participants completed baseline measurements comprising resting metabolic rate (RMR), indirect markers of EIMD, 10 min of sub-maximal running and 30 min of recovery to ascertain excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). Measurements were then repeated at 24 and 48 h after 100 Smith-machine squats. Data analysis revealed significant (P<0.05) increases in muscle soreness and creatine kinase (CK) and decreases in peak knee extensor torque at 24 and 48 h after squatting exercise. Moreover, RMR, physiological, metabolic and perceptual responses during sub-maximal running and EPOC were increased in the two days after squatting exercise (P<0.05). It is suggested that the elevated RMR was a consequence of a raised energy requirement for the degradation and resynthesis of damaged muscle fibres. The increased oxygen demand during sub-maximal running after muscle damage was responsible for the increase in EPOC. Individuals engaging in unaccustomed resistance exercise that results in muscle damage should be mindful of the increases in resting energy expenditure and increased metabolic demand to exercise in the days that follow. 相似文献