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目的探讨不同强度运动训练对大鼠睾丸组织NOS和细胞凋亡表达的影响及其与睾酮水平相关性。方法24只健康雄性大鼠,随机分为对照组,有氧运动组,大强度运动组,每组8只。采用递增强度方式进行跑台运动,训练过程共持续8周。测定大鼠睾丸组织NOS表达、细胞凋亡及血睾酮的含量。结果与安静对照组相比,有氧训练组大鼠睾丸组织NOS表达、细胞凋亡及血睾酮含量无显著性差异。而疲劳训练组大鼠睾丸组织eNOS和Bax表达显著升高(P<0.05),nNOSi、NOS和Bcl-2表达及血睾酮含量显著降低(P<0.05)。结论有氧训练大鼠睾丸组织NOS表达、细胞凋亡对血睾酮水平影响不显著;大强度疲劳训练大鼠睾丸组织NO过量表达,细胞凋亡明显增加,血睾酮含量显著降低。推测,大强度运动训练使大鼠睾丸组织NO过量表达,诱导睾丸组织细胞凋亡明显增多,从而抑制睾酮的分泌。 相似文献
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8周训练对大鼠垂体——性腺轴的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用实验方法．对８周跑台训练后的大鼠血浆睾酮、血浆黄体生成素及率丸中睾酮合成酶进行分析。结果显示．训练组大鼠的血浆睾酮、血浆黄体生成素安静值,与对照组无明显差异,训练组大鼠睾丸中１７β－羟类固醇脱氨酶活性显著高于对照组。提示．经８周耐力训练．大鼠睾丸中合成睾丸酮的能力增强。 相似文献
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目的：观测大鼠不同负荷运动对睾酮及骨骼肌氧化应激的影响。方法：选用32只成年雄性SD大鼠,随机分为安静组、小强度组、中强度组和大强度组,4周不同强度运动后,采用放射免疫分析法检测血清睾酮含量;以苏木精-伊红染色光镜下观察比目鱼肌形态学变化;生物化学方法、实时荧光定量PCR检测骨骼肌氧化应激参数、Mn-SODmRNA和GSH-PXmRNA的表达。结果：中强度组大鼠血清睾酮含量增加,比目鱼肌肌束间隙增宽,肌束增粗,Mn-SOD、GSH-PX活性和基因表达明显升高,MDA含量下降;大强度组血清睾酮显著降低,比目鱼肌肌束间血管扩张、淤血,多灶性慢性炎细胞聚集,血管周围慢性炎细胞浸润,Mn-SOD、GSH-PX活性和基因表达显著降低,MDA含量升高;安静组和小强度组未见明显改变。结论：中强度运动增强骨骼肌抗氧化能力,大强度运动造成骨骼肌氧化应激损伤。此外,运动对大鼠骨骼肌抗氧化应激作用可能与睾酮有关。 相似文献
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目的:研究不同强度运动对SD大鼠肝、比目鱼肌和腓肠肌中雄激素受体(androgen receptor,AR)mRNA和蛋白表达的影响。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为对照组(C=10)、中强度训练组(M=10)、大强度训练组(L=10)、过度疲劳训练组(O=20),进行8周递增负荷跑台训练,每周训练6 d。在5周、8周训练结束后检测外周血Hb浓度、睾酮和皮质酮水平。8周训练结束后,将大鼠处死,取肝、比目鱼肌、腓肠肌,检测AR的mRNA和蛋白水平。结果:1)与安静对照组相比,中强度运动组大鼠的体重、Hb含量、睾酮/皮质酮(T/C)值无显著差异,而大强度及过度疲劳训练组大鼠的体重、Hb含量、血浆睾酮水平及T/C值均显著下降,且过度疲劳训练组下降更明显,表明各训练组大鼠的训练强度存在显著性差异;2)8周训练后,中强度训练组大鼠肝、比目鱼肌中AR的mRNA和蛋白水平显著升高,过度疲劳训练组则显著下降;3)8周训练后,中等和大强度运动不影响大鼠腓肠肌中AR的mRNA和蛋白水平,但过度疲劳训练组腓肠肌中AR的mRNA和蛋白水平显著升高。结论:1)中强度运动增加大鼠肝、比目鱼肌AR的mRNA和蛋白水平,过度疲劳运动抑制肝、比目鱼肌AR的mRNA和蛋白水平,而大强度运动对肝、比目鱼肌AR的mRNA和蛋白水平影响不大;2)中、大强度运动对腓肠肌AR的表达影响不大,过度疲劳运动促进腓肠肌AR的mRNA和蛋白表达,该作用可能与血浆中较低的雄激素水平有关。 相似文献
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为探讨不同强度跑台运动对老年机体内血浆内皮素-1（ET-1）水平的影响,以18月龄大鼠为研究对象,随机分为4组：大强度运动组、中等强度运动组、小强度运动组、增龄对照组,另设3月龄对照组．运动组的运动方式为跑台运动,共训练6周,观察增龄和不同强度跑台运动对大鼠血浆ET-1及血清MDA、SOD水平的影响。结果显示：增龄大鼠血浆ET-1、血清MDA水平与青年对照组相比显著升高,而血清SOD水平显著下降。经过为期6周的跑台运动,中等强度运动组增龄大鼠血浆ET-1、血清MDA水平显著下降,SOD活性显著增强,而强度过大或过小的运动训练则对其无显著性影响。 相似文献
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蒺藜提取物对训练大鼠糖原、血睾酮和运动能力的影响 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
为探讨蒺藜提取物对训练大鼠糖原、血睾酮和运动能力的影响，以SD雄性大鼠为实验对象．建立跑台运动训练模型。将实验大鼠按体重进行随机分组为安静对照组、训练对照组、蒺藜训练组、训练力竭组、蒺藜力竭组，每组各8只。测定了血清睾酮、肌糖原及肝糖原。实验结果显示．蒺藜提取物可以显著延长大鼠跑台运动力竭时间；长期大强度训练引起大鼠体重显著性下降，蒺藜提取物可以抑制这一下降趋势，使训练大鼠体重与安静对照组无显著性差异；大强度训练可以增加肌、肝糖原含量，蒺藜提取物可以增强这种趋势，使糖原含量显著性升高；大强度训练可以引起血睾酮含量下降，蒺藜提取物可以使训练大鼠血睾酮含量显著性增加，且增加了运动过程中睾酮的变化幅度。结论认为，蒺藜提取物可以延长大鼠跑台至力竭时间，具有抗疲劳作用；其抗疲劳作用可能与其增加糖原含量，升高血睾酮的水平有关。 相似文献
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梁红秀 《山东体育学院学报》2005,21(4):66-67,71
观察大强度运动对大鼠血浆嘌呤核苷酸代谢的影响.大鼠进行大强度运动,运动后血浆尿囊素、次黄嘌呤和肌苷的浓度均比运动前的浓度显著升高（P＜0.01）.提示大强度运动导致大鼠骨骼肌中的腺嘌呤核苷酸丢失. 相似文献
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采用实验方法，研究老龄雄性大鼠血睾酮(T)水平、睾丸组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与衰老的关系，有氧运动对老龄大鼠血T、睾丸组织SOD的影响及血T水平与睾丸组织SOD活性之间的相互关系，探讨有氧运动延缓衰老的机制。结果显示：LC组大鼠睾丸组织SOD活性明显降低，MDA含量增高，血T水平下降，有氧运动在一定程度上可使上述变化逆转。结论认为：大鼠机体衰老进程中血睾酮水平与睾丸组织SOD活性呈正相关，有氧游泳运动是延缓衰老的有效手段。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献