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1.
课外补习在全球范围内的风靡,引起了众多学者的关注,而相较于我国课外补习发展的盛况,有关研究还稍显不足。本文基于新人力资本理论的视角,利用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)基线调查数据,分析了补习对认知能力和非认知能力的影响。研究发现:1.补习能有效提高儿童认知能力,但学科之间存在差异。2.适度补习可以提高儿童非认知能力,但过度补习可能会降低非认知能力,并且会显著提高儿童抑郁情绪。3.家庭收入对儿童学习成绩有显著影响,并且儿童的非认知能力存在城乡差距。4.儿童自身教育期望对学习成绩有积极作用,但同时也会提高儿童的抑郁情绪。最后,本文从政府、学校、家长以及学生四个方面提出了建议。 相似文献
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Karin Guill Oliver Lüdtke Jasmin Schwanenberg 《British Educational Research Journal》2020,46(2):437-457
More and more students attend private supplementary tutoring to improve their academic achievement. Private tutoring might be understood as a reaction to insufficient instructional quality in school, especially regarding individual support. However, it might also be possible that parents generally see insufficient grades as an indicator of lacking support and engage a tutor in hopes of improvement or to enhance a competitive edge for their children. So far, the relationship between tutoring attendance and perceived individual learning support during classroom lessons has not been tested. We used multilevel analyses based on N = 2,842 students in 102 Grade 5 classrooms at German academic track schools to test for a relationship between private tutoring in several subjects and students’ shared perception of the instructional quality in these subjects. On the individual level, we controlled for typical predictors of private tutoring such as academic achievement and family income, as well as for additional variables such as working behaviour and parental homework assistance. In classrooms with more individual support, students were less likely to start private tutoring in English. However, we did not find comparable relationships for tutoring in mathematics and German. Therefore, school principals and educational policy-makers should monitor the incidence of private tutoring and consider within-school structured tutoring programmes as an effective measure to improve academic achievement and to meet parents’ desire for individualised instruction. 相似文献
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Vít Šťastný 《欧洲教育》2016,48(1):1-22
The study contributes to the literature on private supplementary tutoring by shedding light on this phenomenon in the Czech Republic. The aim of the paper is to identify the reasons for seeking out private supplementary tutoring and to assess the factors underlying its demand. In the representative sample of 1,265 senior upper-secondary school students from two distinct regions of the Czech Republic, 37% acknowledged participation in private tutoring lessons (provided by individuals) and 10% reported enrollment in preparatory courses for university admission (organized by institutions) during their upper-secondary studies. It seems that both enrollment in different educational tracks and specific school subjects are associated with different reasons for taking private tutoring lessons. The results of binary logistic regression suggest that the mother’s educational attainment, family income, students’ academic performance, residence in the capital city, and female gender are significant predictors of students’ enrollment and participation in the explored private tutoring activities. These findings confirm the strong influence of family background on educational attainment identified in previous Czech social-stratification research. In a wider European context, the patterns of private supplementary tutoring resemble those in neighboring countries. 相似文献
5.
伴随着“双减”政策的落地,校外培训机构治理再次进入新阶段。梳理校外培训机构治理政策的
变迁可以发现,以问题为导向的政策目标不断演进,以规范为主要特征的政策措施逐渐完善,以政府为主体
的政策执行体系渐趋形成。择选分析发生在全国范围内的146起教育培训纠纷司法案例可以发现,行政部
门、培训机构、受教育者以及法院在教育培训纠纷的发生和解决中都会受到校外培训机构治理政策的影响,
这种影响不断折射出校外培训机构发展和治理中存在的问题。校外培训机构治理政策的执行和发展还需
坚持教育公益性原则下的分类管理、探索完善培训机构退出的善后机制、建立培训机构的金融监管制度、构
建线上培训的规范治理体系、推动治理机制向政府与行业双重治理转变、重视对学校及家庭等外围因素的
考量,形成政府引导、行业自治、社会参与的常态化治理格局。 相似文献
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Private tutoring has become a worldwide phenomenon, yet there is little empirical evidence for the main factors leading the demand for private tutoring across nations. Using data from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study of 2003, this study classified the countries into four different groups according to the proportion of student participation in private tutoring and student achievement. Then, the study explored student- and school-level factors influencing the demand for private tutoring. From the HGLM analysis, the results revealed that the demand for private tutoring in Korea and Taiwan, which have higher participation rates in private tutoring and high-school-quality levels, is mostly explained by student-level variables (educational aspirations, instrumental motivation, self-confidence, and father’s education) and school context variables (the community size and school SES). Meanwhile, the demand for private tutoring in the Philippines and Romania, both of which have high incidences of private tutoring and low-school-quality levels, varies widely among schools, and many of the school process variables (e.g., the use of remedial classes, amount of school homework, frequency of tests, and the use of grouping by ability) account for the relationships with private tutoring. 相似文献
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Private supplementary tutoring with an additional fee is generally called shadow education, and this has become a common phenomenon in urban Dhaka, where patterns and scale of tutoring in English have been remarkable in recent years. This study used a mixed-methods approach that included quantitative and qualitative data collected from a survey and individual interview. Tutoring in English has been a regular feature of the teaching profession in this urban area. The paper examines various patterns of private tutoring in English and focuses on the amount of tutoring, including the tutoring received and not received by students in urban Dhaka. It shows the variations of scale regarding tutoring in English between male and female students. The study also identifies different types of private tutors who deliver supplementary tutoring. Finally, the choices pupils make regarding their evaluation on the effectiveness of shapes of tutoring in English are discussed. 相似文献
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Guill Karin Ömeroğulları Melike Köller Olaf 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2022,37(4):1093-1114
Private supplementary tutoring is a widespread phenomenon. However, evidence that private tutoring has positive effects on academic achievement or about the specific conditions of successful private tutoring is rare. Adapting Carroll’s (1963) model for school learning to private tutoring, we expected to find positive effects of tutoring duration, tutoring intensity, and students’ motivation to attend private tutoring. In a sample of eighth-grade students in German secondary schools (N = 8510, 18.6% currently being tutored), we conducted regression analyses with multiple covariates and did not find a positive main effect of private tutoring attendance in any of the school subjects examined. Moreover, within the subsamples of tutored students, we were not able to identify positive effects of tutoring duration, tutoring intensity, tutoring content (such as a focus on homework completion, test preparation, or study behavior), or students’ motivation to attend private tutoring. Given these disillusioning findings, we primarily derive suggestions for future research.
相似文献9.
The determinants of private tutoring participation and attendant expenditures in Korea 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
With the growing worldwide prevalence of private tutoring, the causes and effects of private tutoring have been drawing increasing
attention both academically and policy wise. This study intends to draw policy implications by investigating the determinants
of private tutoring participation of school-aged children and expenditures per child for such private tutoring. The logistic
regression (for participation), OLS, and F.E. panel models (for expenditures) were adopted for the analysis, using the Korean
panel data. The empirical findings indicate that private tutoring for children—both in terms of participation and expenditures—has
a positive correlation with the mother’s educational attainment (preference effect), a negative correlation with the mother’s
employment status (time constraint effect), and a positive correlation with the household income (income effect). 相似文献
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Shek Kam Tse 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2014,15(2):283-297
The reading attainment of the 3,875 primary 4 Hong Kong primary school students participating in the 2011 Progress in International Reading Literacy Study ranked first among 49 countries and regions surveyed worldwide. Analysis of the association between (a) participating students’ reading attainment and (b) responses to questionnaires completed by the students and their parents revealed that classroom teaching, the school curriculum, the reader’s social and economic background and support from home had all helped shape reading performance. It is not unusual for school students in many Asian countries to receive after-school tuition in various areas of the curriculum to boost performance in impending examinations. The study reported here focussed (1) on the Chinese language reading attainment of students who had attended private tutoring classes after school in this subject against the scores of fellow students who had not and (2) asking whether such after-school tutoring had been of any notable benefit to their reading. Although a majority of the parents questioned said they paid for extra tuition for their children after school, analyses of the data found there was a statistically significant difference between the scores of students who received extra tuition and those who did not, the score of the latter group being superior. It is suggested that the Hong Kong education authorities reassure parents about the quality of teaching in primary schools and publicly pronounce on the potential value of after-school private tutoring. 相似文献
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补习教育带给家庭和社会一种及其矛盾的情感,它本身不仅是具有深远的经济意义的产业,而且会对社会产生复杂的影响.为了向公众描绘一个更加清晰和全面的关于补习教育的图景,选取北京8所普通小学和5所普通中学的2 089名被试,以学校、家庭、个人为背景变量分别探讨影响数学补习次数和态度的因素.结果表明:(1)中等水平学校学生数学补习行为最积极.(2)母亲受教育水平较高,子女参加数学补习行为较积极.(3)小学生参加数学补习时间较多,态度较积极;中等数学水平学生补习态度最积极.(4) Logistic回归分析显示,学校水平、母亲受教育水平和年级对中小学生数学补习时间的累积贡献率为8.5％.分层线性回归分析显示,年级对中小学生数学补习态度的贡献率为4％. 相似文献
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Private tutoring is a widespread phenomenon in many developing countries, including Vietnam. Using the Vietnam Living Standards Surveys 1997–1998 and 1992–1993 for analysis, this paper finds evidence that private tutoring in Vietnam is a necessity in the household budget for both primary students and lower secondary students, and the trend to attend private tutoring is stronger at higher education levels. There is no evidence of gender discrimination in expenditure on private tutoring. Ethnic minority students spend less on private tutoring at the primary level but not at the lower secondary level, as do students living in rural areas. However, spending on private tutoring would fall significantly if the qualifications of primary school teachers are increased. Private tutoring is found to have significant impact on a student's academic performance, but the influence is larger for lower secondary students. This paper contributes to the available estimation techniques by extending the simultaneous Tobit model of Amemiya [(1974). Multivariate regression and simultaneous equation models when the dependent variables are truncated normal. Econometrica, 42(6), 999–1012] to a joint Tobit-ordered probit econometric model to address the possible endogeneity of household spending on private tutoring. 相似文献
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With the increasing attention on improving student achievement, private tutoring has been expanding rapidly worldwide. However, the evidence on the effect of private tutoring is inconclusive for education researchers and policy makers. Employing a comprehensive dataset collected from China in 2010, this study tries to identify the effect of private tutoring on student achievement in the National College Entrance Exam (NCEE) of China. This study finds that private tutoring has mixed and heterogeneous effects on mathematics, Chinese language, and English language respectively and on the NCEE total score. The average effect of private tutoring is not significant, but it may have a significant and positive effect on urban students with lower achievement or in schools with certain quality. Students from schools with more educational inputs are more likely to benefit from private tutoring. 相似文献
14.
We investigate the educational and psychological benefits from participating in private supplementary tutoring in Mainland China. We use the 2013–2015 China Education Panel Survey data on junior high school students and a difference-in-difference and propensity score matching research design. Our results show that private tutoring is positively associated with higher English scores for rural students only. For all students and across most sub-groups, we find that private tutoring is associated with lower frequency of students' self-reported negative emotions. The data, however, do not permit deeper inquiry into the role of the quality and quantity of private tutoring. 相似文献
15.
Anas Hajar 《牛津教育评论》2018,44(4):514-531
While quantitative research on the nature and extent of private tutoring in England is increasingly available, very limited evidence exists regarding pupils’ voices in evaluating their participation in private tutoring. Thus, the present qualitative study seeks to investigate the perceptions of 14 Year 6 pupils from three primary schools in East Kent of receiving tutoring. Data were collected through semi-structured focus group interviews and pupils’ drawings. The data suggest that the participants displayed prevention (ought) orientation by conceiving tutoring as a powerful means to help them to pass the grammar school entrance exam and thus avoid failing their parents’ expectations. However, some participants gradually realised that the advantages of receiving tutoring were not restricted to tangible (quantifiable) benefits related to improved examination results. Tutoring also enabled them to achieve their desired possible self-image by boosting their self-esteem and interest in learning, and becoming more confident when socialising with others (i.e. intangible benefits). The participants acted agentively, not only reflecting on the benefits of tutoring but also on its disadvantages including creating pressure on their parents and themselves and being somewhat an unfair advantage in competition. From this qualitative study, pedagogical implications and areas for ongoing research are suggested. 相似文献
16.
《Chinese Education & Society》2013,46(2):70-79
Private individuals opening schools and private schools have currently become a hot topic in educational circles and have aroused the public's interest. What is the public's view on the development of private schools, and what is their financial ability in regard to such schools? Clarification of this issue is of major realistic significance to educational workers in accurately resolving the theoretical and practical problems in the development of private schools, and to government agencies in forming relevant policies and doing ideological work among the public. We conducted a survey of some parents of school students in three types of regions in Tianjin: the city area, the nearby suburbs, and outlying rural areas, in order to uncover their views on this question. 相似文献
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《Journal of School Choice》2013,7(4):77-88
Abstract The issue of school choice and its effects on student performance have become a prevalent part of the educational landscape. This longitudinal investigation examines a group of students not typically associated with the school choice movement: high ability or “gifted” students. The study analyzed whether attending a private school through participation in the Cleveland Scholarship and Tutoring Program, which is among the longest running experimental evaluations of a school voucher program in the United States, resulted in differential performance on standardized achievement tests for topperforming students. Analyses showed that no statistically or practically significant differences were found between gifted students participating in the program and control group students who attended public schools. 相似文献
18.
Debbie Smith 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(5):371-387
This study examined the relationship between participation and location of dual-credit enrollment and the educational aspirations of high school students. A total of 304 students from 5 rural Kansas high schools were surveyed. The return rate was 80.9%. Results indicated that participation in dual-credit programs had a positive and significant relationship with educational aspirations. Other independent variables that demonstrated strong predictive importance for educational aspirations were parents’ educational levels and grades. The findings further indicated that concurrent enrollment location was a significant predictor of educational aspirations. 相似文献
19.
从近代学校的兴起到学校系统在工业化国家的确立再到其他国家的仿效,公共大众学校教育在全球推广普及.然学校教育对学业成绩的残酷投注而其自身在提升学业成绩上的能力不足,驱使家庭购买大量校外辅导及相关服务以助子女取得学业佳绩,这在一些国家业已成为学校教育的制度化组成部分.通过效法并补充学校教育同时辅以世界教育文化的助推,课外辅导（影子教育）得以在全球扩张并挑战着学校教育.辅导机构有望成为教育组织系统的有机构成;学校在课程设置、运作管理等方面亦呈现与辅导机构相似、兼容之端倪.学校与辅导机构在明争暗合中形影游移、界限模糊,衍生一种混合型教育组织或有可能.依此而论,消除校外“辅导热”大抵是个伪命题. 相似文献
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Loshini Naidoo 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2008,7(3):139-150
This paper discusses the Refugee Action Support Partnership Project between the University of Western Sydney, The Australian
Literacy and Numeracy Foundation and the NSW-Department of Education and Training (DET). The critical ethnographic method
is used to evaluate the after-school homework tutoring centres as a vehicle of literacy development and youth transitions.
Given the nature of strife and unrest in the African Continent, refugee children may have been unable to attend school before
coming to Australia, or obtained only interrupted schooling at best. Since parents are unfamiliar with the education system
and because many do not speak English, they cannot help their children as they would wish to, and children may be left to
deal with difficulties alone. The School of Education at UWS offers service learning programs like the after-school homework
tutoring centres, to deliver effective and sustainable support to schools so that refugee students can feel safe and begin
to learn. 相似文献