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1.
细胞自噬的分子学机制及运动训练的调控作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
细胞自噬(autophagy)是真核细胞中普遍存在的生命现象,是将细胞内变形、衰老或损伤的蛋白质和细胞器转运到溶酶体腔中消化降解的一种代谢过程。它的分子发生机制和信号调控机制非常复杂且高度保守,其中,mTOR和Beclin1作为各种调控通路的汇集点发挥了至关重要的作用。不同形式与强度的运动训练对细胞自噬也有一定的调节作用。一般来说,适宜强度的运动训练可通过上调细胞自噬水平,降解由于运动刺激所积累的损伤细胞器和代谢废物,为细胞再生提供一定的能量与合成底物,并在抑制自噬相关疾病的发生发展方面具有建设性作用。但过度训练则会因为细胞自噬的过度激活从而过多降解胞浆中的蛋白质和细胞器,导致细胞损伤或疲劳,甚至可能诱发自噬性细胞死亡。另外,运动训练还能通过调节与细胞自噬相关的信号通路对骨骼肌质量产生重要作用。 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(6):660-674
Growing evidence has demonstrated exercise as an effective way to promote cardiovascular health and protect against cardiovascular diseases However, the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of exercise have yet to be elucidated. Animal exercise studies are widely used to investigate the key mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiovascular protection. However, standardized procedures and well-established evaluation indicators for animal exercise models are needed to guide researchers in carrying out effective, high-quality animal studies using exercise to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. In our review, we present the commonly used animal exercise models in cardiovascular research and propose a set of standard procedures for exercise training, emphasizing the appropriate measurements and analysis in these chronic exercise models. We also provide recommendations for optimal design of animal exercise studies in cardiovascular research, including the choice of exercise models, control of exercise protocols, exercise at different stages of disease, and other considerations, such as age, sex, and genetic background. We hope that this position paper will promote basic research on exercise-induced cardiovascular protection and pave the way for successful translation of exercise studies from bench to bedside in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. 相似文献
3.
Yihua Bei Lei Wang Rongjing Ding Lin Che Zhiqing Fan Wei Gao Qi Liang Shenghui Lin Suixin Liu Xiao Lu Yuqin Shen Guifu Wu Jian Yang Guolin Zhang Wei Zhao Lan Guo Junjie Xiao 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(6):660
Growing evidence has demonstrated exercise as an effective way to promote cardiovascular health and protect against cardiovascular diseases However, the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of exercise have yet to be elucidated. Animal exercise studies are widely used to investigate the key mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiovascular protection. However, standardized procedures and well-established evaluation indicators for animal exercise models are needed to guide researchers in carrying out effective, high-quality animal studies using exercise to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. In our review, we present the commonly used animal exercise models in cardiovascular research and propose a set of standard procedures for exercise training, emphasizing the appropriate measurements and analysis in these chronic exercise models. We also provide recommendations for optimal design of animal exercise studies in cardiovascular research, including the choice of exercise models, control of exercise protocols, exercise at different stages of disease, and other considerations, such as age, sex, and genetic background. We hope that this position paper will promote basic research on exercise-induced cardiovascular protection and pave the way for successful translation of exercise studies from bench to bedside in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. 相似文献
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喻伯海 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(10):20-21
运动训练诱导心血管系统获得的益处具有强度依赖性。大强度有氧间歇运动优于低或中等强度的运动。运动的强度和可观测到VO2max存在着剂量效应相关。大强度有氧间歇运动获得益处是中等强度运动的2倍。心脏的形态和功能性指标检测表明大强度有氧间歇运动可能是诱导这些指标变化的必要条件。 相似文献
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运动作为一种很好的心脏保护方式,对心血管系统的潜在效应是复杂而矛盾的.自主神经功能调节与心血管疾病密切相关.提高迷走张力,维持自主神经平衡对于心血管疾病的治疗、康复及预防都至关重要.但运动对自主神经的心肌保护作用及机制是什么,不同运动强度、方式对心肌自主神经功能调节的影响规律还不清楚. 相似文献
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俞竹丽 《沈阳体育学院学报》2006,25(6):60-62
降钙素基因相关肽(Calcitonin gene-related peptide,CGRP)是调节心血管活动的重要神经递质之一,它广泛存在于心血管系统,参与许多心血管功能的调节,是迄今所知的人体最强的括血管物质,并参与高血压、充血性心力衰竭、心绞痛、心肌梗死、动脉粥样硬化等心血管疾病的防治。运动可促进CGRP的分泌,运动治疗对心血管疾病防治有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(6):648-659
With the rising incidence of cardiovascular diseases, the concomitant mortality and morbidity impose huge burdens on quality of life and societal costs. It is generally accepted that physical inactivity is one of the major risk factors for cardiac disease and that exercise benefits the heart in both physiological and pathologic conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the cardioprotective effects exerted by exercise remain incompletely understood. Most recently, an increasing number of studies indicate the involvement of epigenetic modifications in the promotion of cardiac health and prevention of cardiac disease. Exercise and other lifestyle factors extensively induce epigenetic modifications, including DNA/RNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and non-coding RNAs in multiple tissues, which may contribute to their positive effects in human health and diseases. In addition, several studies have shown that maternal or paternal exercise prevents age-associated or high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction in the offspring, reinforcing the importance of epigenetics in mediating the beneficial effects of exercise. It has been shown that exercise can directly modify cardiac epigenetics to promote cardiac health and protect the heart against various pathological processes, or it can modify epigenetics in other tissues, which reduces the risk of cardiac disease and affords cardioprotection through exerkines. An in-depth understanding of the epigenetic landscape of cardioprotective response to exercise will provide new therapeutic targets for cardiac diseases. This review, therefore, aimed to acquaint the cardiac community with the rapidly advancing and evolving field of exercise and epigenetics. 相似文献
9.
神经退行性疾病是一种以中枢神经系统或外周神经系统神经元结构和功能丧失为特征的神经系统疾病。线粒体功能障碍是阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病等多种常见神经退行性疾病的早期病理特征。大量研究表明运动可明显改善神经退行性病变症状,然而其调节机制目前还不清楚。鉴于运动是促进线粒体合成、活性与功能的重要调节因素,并且线粒体功能变化在神经退行性病变中发挥重要作用。主要从线粒体角度阐述运动对神经退行性疾病的影响及可能机制,包括线粒体生物合成、线粒体ROS和氧化应激、线粒体动力学、线粒体质量控制,为运动防治神经退行性疾病提供理论支持。 相似文献
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Toshiaki Miyamoto Hiroyuki Kamada Akira Tamaki Toshio Moritani 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):1104-1110
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-intensity exercise training using belt electrode skeletal muscle electrical stimulation on muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy subjects. Nineteen healthy subjects were allocated into control or intervention groups; in both groups the participants kept regular physical activity while the intervention group underwent 30 min B-SES training at 3–4 METs for four weeks. Knee extensor muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance during incremental exercise test were measured at baseline and after four weeks for all participants. The relative change of knee extensor muscle strength in the intervention group was significantly higher than control group (p?p?相似文献
11.
认知功能障碍是神经系统疾病的重要特征表现,受诸多因素影响。肠道微生物在维持机体健康和多种疾病的发展中发挥作用,肠道微生物失衡与躯体运动能力和脑认知功能障碍,如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病等神经退行性疾病关系密切。研究发现,运动干预可通过对肠道微生物的调节,建立肠-脑之间的联系,调控认知功能,改善神经退行性疾病,但不同方式的运动干预对肠道微生物的影响及其与认知功能的调节之间存在差异性。通过分析肠道微生物的生物学功能以及运动介导肠道微生物相关的改变与脑认知功能的关系,探讨肠道微生物在肠-脑神经联络以及运动调控肠道微生物改善认知功能的作用机理。 相似文献
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体育运动对人体心血管系统的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
苏耘 《体育科技文献通报》2009,17(8):122-123
本文采用文献资料法等研究方法分析了体育运动对人体心血管系统的影响，发现体育运动对心血管系统一些常见的疾病、心血管系统的功能以及心血管系统的内分泌调节具有积极的促进作用。 相似文献
13.
自噬是广泛存在于真核细胞内的一种溶酶体依赖性的降解途径,它与泛素-蛋白酶体系统共同维持蛋白质及细胞器更新,对于维持细胞的稳态具有重要意义.线粒体作为真核生物最主要的细胞器之一,其代谢更新对于细胞状态有意义深远.作为线粒体更新的主要机制,线粒体自噬的发生逐渐引起关注.关于损伤的线粒体是如何通过自噬途径被移除的,其相关机制仍旧不明了.有研究认为线粒体融合分裂与线粒体自噬的发生关系密切,可能是其调控的关键部分.本文就线粒体自噬与线粒体融合分裂关系的相关研究进展进行了综述. 相似文献
14.
目的研究普拉提运动对人体心血管功能的影响,为大众运动健身的发展提供一定的参考和指导价值。方法随机选取在校女大学生和女教师共30人作为研究对象,采取为期6周、每周3次、每次40min的普拉提成套动作训练进行干预研究,在运动干预前和干预后,使用心血管功能测试仪评估心脏功能与血管状况。结果通过6周的普拉提运动干预后,受试者心脏功能指标变化为,SV、CO和VPE显著升高(p<0.05或p<0.01),PR和HOV显著降低(p<0.05或p<0.01);血管状况指标表现为,PP、TPR和V显著降低(p<0.05或p<0.01),而MSP、MDP、MAP和VDC均有所改变,但差别无统计学意义(p>0.05)。结论6周的普拉提运动训练干预可以有效改善心血管功能,提高运动机能,可有效降低心血管疾病风险。 相似文献
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马晓宁 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(5):119-121
本文采用分类比较法、推理归纳法等文献资料研究的方法,通过研究心血管疾病与内皮素、不同运动对内皮素的影响及其生物学分析,显示,内皮素作为一种丝裂原可导致心血管疾病及疾病的加剧,与心脑血管疾病的发生、发展和演化与内皮素的关系密切;不同运动强度对内皮素水平影响不同。运动训练对血管内皮素的影响机理可能主要是通过运动加快血液循环,增加血管壁面侧压力和切应力,导致血管内皮细胞形态发生改变,引起细胞内部一系列物理化学变化,导致内皮素基因表达的变化,最终引起内皮细胞分泌内皮素的功能发生变化,且与运动强度密切相关。 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2023,12(5):557-567
This review highlights some established and some more contemporary mechanisms responsible for heart failure (HF)-induced skeletal muscle wasting and weakness. We first describe the effects of HF on the relationship between protein synthesis and degradation rates, which determine muscle mass, the involvement of the satellite cells for continual muscle regeneration, and changes in myofiber calcium homeostasis linked to contractile dysfunction. We then highlight key mechanistic effects of both aerobic and resistance exercise training on skeletal muscle in HF and outline its application as a beneficial treatment. Overall, HF causes multiple impairments related to autophagy, anabolic-catabolic signaling, satellite cell proliferation, and calcium homeostasis, which together promote fiber atrophy, contractile dysfunction, and impaired regeneration. Although both wasting and weakness are partly rescued by aerobic and resistance exercise training in HF, the effects of satellite cell dynamics remain poorly explored. 相似文献
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运动、免疫和感染 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
宋桂茹 《天津体育学院学报》1995,10(4):13-17
长时间剧烈运动可抑制免疫系统的功能，使运动员上呼吸道感染。本文简单叙述了剧烈运动及过度训练运动员免疫系统抑制的生化机制。 相似文献
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一氧化氮与运动训练 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22
侯丽 《天津体育学院学报》1999,14(3):13-16
一氧化碳(NO)对人体有广泛的生物学效应,在多个系统的病理生理过程发挥作用。本文阐述了运动训练中NO 的变化及其机制,NO 对骨骼肌血流和氧代谢的调节,NO 对运动训练中冠脉血管的作用,与NO 有关的体育锻炼对血管栓塞性疾病的影响及运动训练对血小板功能的影响 相似文献
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Ruwen Wang Haili Tian Dandan Guo Qianqian Tian Ting Yao Xingxing Kong 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(3):211-227
Background:Exercise is considered as an important intervention for treatment and prevention of several diseases,such as osteoarthritis,obesity,hypertension,and Alzheimer's disease.This review summarizes decadal exercise intervention studies with various rat models across 6 major systems to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the effects that exercise brought.Methods:PubMed was utilized as the data source.To collect research articles,we used the following terms to create the search:(exercise[Title]OR physical activity[Title]OR training[Title])AND(rats[Title/Abstract]OR rat[Title/Abstract]OR rattus[Title/Abstract]).To best cover targeted studies,publication dates were limited to"within 11 years."The exercise intervention methods used for different diseases were sorted according to the mode,frequency,and intensity of exercise.Results:The collected articles were categorized into studies related to 6 systems or disease types:motor system(17 articles),metabolic system(110 articles),cardiocerebral vascular system(171 articles),nervous system(71 articles),urinary system(2 articles),and cancer(21 articles).Our review found that,for different diseases,exercise intervention mostly had a positive effect.However,the most powerful effect was achieved by using a specific mode of exercise that addressed the characteristics of the disease.Conclusion:As a model animal,rats not only provide a convenient resource for studying human diseases but also provide the possibility for exploring the molecular mechanisms of exercise intervention on diseases.This review also aims to provide exercise intervention frameworks and optimal exercise dose recommendations for further human exercise intervention research. 相似文献