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以2003～2018年国内关于新型研发机构的139篇研究文献为分析样本,使用内容分析法和文献研究法,对新型研发机构的研究现状进行评估与综述。研究发现,尽管新型研发机构的论文发表数量在近年不断增长,但仍以案例研究为主要方法,着重进行定性分析与现状总结,以“现状——问题——建议”的模式,针对问题与不足提出建议或措施,定量分析与实证研究不多,也缺乏完整的理论框架。随后,从新型研发机构作为官产学等多创新主体的“耦合”的角度出发,展望基于创新生态系统与创新价值链视角,从知识来源、获取、转化到应用一整套循环递归的内在创新过程,构建一个创新生态范式,找准新型研发机构在创新价值链中的“生态位”,促进科技成果跨越“死亡之谷”,形成完整的理论框架和实证探索路径。 相似文献
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国内外众多研究表明,借助社会网络可以有效地阐释知识搜索和知识扩散的机理,然而,通过文献梳理发现,目前仍缺少能够归纳和总结个体层次研究的系统性综述。为了弥补这一不足,从网络嵌入性和节点属性的角度,逐一评述了关系强度、结构洞和中心性(网络嵌入性),知识宽度、知识深度、关键研发者和职业生涯(节点属性),及其交互作用对知识搜索与知识扩散的影响,并围绕现有研究的争议展开了讨论,最后总结了研究结论以及对未来研究进行了展望。 相似文献
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院校与政府共建型新型研发机构作为新型研发机构中的重要组成部分,具有鲜明的发展特色。总结广东省59家院校与政府共建型新型研发机构的发展特征、发展现状及其发展中存在的问题,并提出相关发展建议以供参考。 相似文献
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对新型研发机构实践经验典型案例进行研究,探讨其提高科技成果转化效率的工具和手段,为我国新型研发机构探寻科技成果转化道路提供参考。中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院作为我国最早一批的新型研发机构之一,科技成果转化机制创新成效显著,因此以其为典型案例,从学术文献、机构官网、实地调研谈话和新闻媒体报道中获取资料,梳理其中的关系机制,构建新型研发机构科技成果转化机制模型,分析新型研发机构推动科技成果转化过程中的动力机制和主要影响因素。研究发现：新型研发机构以产业化创新理念为精神内核,以科研管理模式、孵化育成体系、创新生态体系为治理结构,借助市场化运作模式形成内生发展动力,共同推动科技成果转化。基于研究结论,提出推动新型研发机构科技成果转化的对策建议,包括完善新型研发机构科技成果转化机制、促进科技金融深度融合、优化地方自主创新环境等。 相似文献
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鉴于我国新型研发机构研究存在明显的区域性且北京新型研发机构相关研究较少,为系统把握北京新型研发机构建设经验和不足,从宏观、中观和微观3个层面构建研究框架,以北京生命科学研究所等8家新型研发机构为例,总结分析北京新型研发机构建设经验以及存在问题或挑战。分析显示：北京新型研发机构在顶层设计、创新要素集聚和体制机制创新方面取得较好成效,但在机构可持续发展、协同创新机制建设和人才集聚方面仍有不足。在此基础上,为进一步推动我国新型研发机构高质量发展,研究提出加强顶层设计和政策引导、创新生态系统建设和现代科研院所制度建设等对政策建议。 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献