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1.
随着工矿业的不断发展,尤其汽车尾气排放等人为原因,导致铅污染已逐渐发展成为一个世界性的环境问题。土壤铅污染不仅影响土壤微生物、土壤中酶活性以及其它相关理化性质,而且会对农作物产量和质量产生影响,以至通过食物链危害人类的健康。考虑到土壤铅污染的广域性及对人体健康的严重威胁,如何修复铅污染土壤已成为世界各国科学家面临的重要课题。植物修复作为一种绿色、有效的修复手段,逐渐发展成为学界研究热点之一。自然界中大多数植物对铅的吸收能力很低,普通植物一般Pb含量为10mgkg-1干重。目前,国内外已见报道的重金属超积累植物有400多种;但是,铅的富集植物被发现的并不多,仅有5种。当前关于铅富集植物的生理生化方面的研究,已被广泛的开展。 相似文献
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《安徽科技学院学报》2020,(3)
目的:深入了解土壤铅污染研究的现状和发展趋势,为该领域的研究人员提供参考。方法:采用文献计量学方法,利用Web of Science TM引文数据库和Citespace软件,对2010～2019年间发表的有关土壤铅污染文献进行计量分析。结果:近10年来,有关土壤铅污染的发文量呈上升趋势,中国发文量最多,德国、日本、美国与各国合作较为密切;该领域综述类论文较难发表在权威期刊,Science of the Total Environment、Chemosphere、Environmental Pollution是研究论文学术水平和影响力较高的刊物,土壤铅污染复合研究的重金属包括锌、铜、镉;主要研究热点包括铅及有关重金属形态分布、累积、健康风险评估、微量元素分析和植物修复等。结论:今后应加强土壤铅污染修复和风险评估研究。 相似文献
3.
研究了不同浓度铅胁迫下补血草种子萌发及幼苗的膜透性,结果表明:铅胁迫对补血草的种子萌发具有低浓度下的激活效应和高浓度下的抑制效应;对幼苗苗长具有胁迫初期低浓度下的激活效应,随着胁迫时间的延长,转而表现为抑制效应,对幼苗根长具有显著的抑制效应.幼苗的生长状况比种子萌发更能体现铅毒性的大小.而根长的变化可作为植物受重金属毒性影响的一个重要指标.幼苗的膜透性的影响是随着铅浓度的增加,膜的通透性增加,选择通透的能力下降. 相似文献
4.
土壤中的铅污染及其磷酸盐修复技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
综述了铅在土壤中的污染现状、人为来源、铅污染修复的方法,并重点介绍了修复方法中的磷酸盐修复方法。磷酸盐是铅污染修复中一种较好的固化剂,对于铅污染的改善非常有效。磷酸盐修复方法能够有效地减少铅的生物利用度和减缓铅从污染的场所中迁移的过程。 相似文献
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在室外自然光照条件下用淡水和人工海水(自然海盐比水为8g.Kg-1)处理培养红树植物桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)种胚90d,测定了种胚萌发和幼苗生长状况.结果表明:淡水处理桐花树种胚能够较早生根,且初次萌根率较高.两种处理下桐花树种胚的萌苗率随时间的变化趋势相似,且两种处理间没有显著性差异.淡水处理在幼苗前期有利于根长的伸长,而人工海水处理在幼苗中、后期有利于根数的增加.90d时,淡水处理的茎高和茎生物量分别比人工海水处理的高32.90%和50.00%,均具有显著差异性;而幼苗的胚轴、叶、根的生物量、单株生物量和根冠比及根系活力均不存在显著差异.试验表明:桐花树种胚在淡水环境里能够正常萌发,其幼苗生长良好. 相似文献
8.
重金属胁迫背景下的任豆幼苗抗性生理试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分别用浓度为0~30 mg/L和0~150 mg/L的重金属Cu2+、Cd2+、Pd2+、Zn2+处理任豆幼苗,观察其生长情况,测定其叶片的叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量及总黄酮含量,分析其抗性生理特征。结果表明:任豆幼苗对不同重金属离子胁迫的耐性不同,在不同浓度的同一重金属离子胁迫下,任豆幼苗叶片的叶绿素、丙二醛、黄酮含量有明显差异;任豆幼苗对不同重金属的抗性不同,对Cu2+、Cd2+、Pd2+、Zn2+四种重金属离子耐性大小的排序为:Pd2+>Zn2+>Cd2+>Cu2+。根据任豆幼苗在重金属胁迫下所表现出的抗性生理特征及相关的实验结果,可利用任豆对Pd、Zn、Cd、Cu污染的土壤进行修复。 相似文献
9.
重金属铅超富集植物的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用超富集植物修复重金属污染土壤是一种可靠经济安全的技术,对我国在铅超富集植物修复方面的研究进展进行分析和总结,指出目前研究中存在的问题和今后研究的方向。 相似文献
10.
铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、铅（Pb）都是土壤重金属污染源,对土壤、植物、动物及人体产生巨大危害。本文以苦荞种子为实验材料,研究经不同浓度硫酸铜、硫酸锌和乙酸铅催芽后的苦荞种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数的变化情况。结果表明：当硫酸铜、乙酸铅浓度大于100 mg/L时,苦荞种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均会受到不同程度的抑制,不同浓度硫酸锌对苦荞种子的发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数均无影响。经3种不同浓度重金属盐催芽后的苦荞种子,幼苗胚根平均长度和种子的活力指数均随着重金属盐浓度的增加而降低,且三种重金属盐对其抑制效果的大小顺序为硫酸铜〉乙酸铅〉硫酸锌。 相似文献
11.
Ya-fei Shi Ju-fang Chi Wei-liang Tang Fu-kang Xu Long-bin Liu Zheng Ji Hai-tao Lv Hang-yuan Guo 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2013,14(8):696-704
Objective: To test the influence of homocysteine on the production and activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and on cell migration of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Also, to explore whether rosuvastatin can alter the abnormal secretion and activation of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 and migration of VSMCs induced by homocysteine. Methods: Rat VSMCs were incubated with different concentrations of homocysteine (50–5 000 μmol/L). Western blotting and gelatin zymography were used to investigate the expressions and activities of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in VSMCs in culture medium when induced with homocysteine for 24, 48, and 72 h. Transwell chambers were employed to test the migratory ability of VSMCs when incubated with homocysteine for 48 h. Different concentrations of rosuvastatin (10−9–10−5 mol/L) were added when VSMCs were induced with 1 000 μmol/L homocysteine. The expressions and activities of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were examined after incubating for 24, 48, and 72 h, and the migration of VSMCs was also examined after incubating for 48 h. Results: Homocysteine (50–1 000 μmol/L) increased the production and activation of MMP-2 and expression of TIMP-2 in a dose-dependent manner. However, when incubated with 5 000 μmol/L homocysteine, the expression of MMP-2 was up-regulated, but its activity was down-regulated. Increased homocysteine-induced production and activation of MMP-2 were reduced by rosuvastatin in a dose-dependent manner whereas secretion of TIMP-2 was not significantly altered by rosuvastatin. Homocysteine (50–5 000 μmol/L) stimulated the migration of VSMCs in a dose-dependent manner, but this effect was eliminated by rosuvastatin. Conclusions: Homocysteine (50–1 000 μmol/L) significantly increased the production and activation of MMP-2, the expression of TIMP-2, and the migration of VSMCs in a dose-dependent manner. Additional extracellular rosuvastatin can decrease the excessive expression and activation of MMP-2 and abnormal migration of VSMCs induced by homocysteine. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTIONLead (Pb)existsinmanyformsinnaturalsourcesthroughouttheworld ,andisnowoneofthemostwidelyandevenlydistributedtracemet als (Nriagu ,1 992 ) .Soilandplantscanbecon taminatedbyPbfrompaints,gasolineadditives,Pbsmeltingandrefining ,pesticideproducti… 相似文献
13.
Lead concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of accumulating and non-accumulating ecotypes of Sedum alfredii (Hance) were studied through a hydroponic experiment with different Pb concentrations supplied as Pb(NO3)2. Lead concentrations in leaves and stems of the accumulating ecotype were 4-9 times and 3-5 times those of the non-accumulating ecotype, and Pb-accumulated amounts in stems and leaves of the accumulating ecotype were 4-9 times and 8-11 times higher than those of the non-accumulating ecotype, respectively. The results indicated that the accumulating ecotype had better ability to transport Pb from roots to shoots. The subcellular distributions of Pb in the root, stem and leaf tissues were studied using sucrose differential centrifugation. Approximately 50% of Pb contents was found to be associated with the cell wall fraction in stems of the accumulating ecotype and the percentage increased to 80% both in roots and leaves, no matter when plants were grown with different levels of Pb. The results indicated that the distribution of Pb on cell walls of the accumulating ecotype could mainly account for the high tolerance to Pb. 相似文献
14.
Lead concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of accumulating and non-accumulating ecotypes ofSedum alfredii (Hance) were studied through a hydroponic experiment with different Pb concentrations supplied as Pb(NO3)2. Lead concentrations in leaves and stems of the accumulating ecotype were 4–9 times and 3–5 times those of the non-accumulating
ecotype, and Pb-accumulated amounts in stems and leaves of the accumulating ecotype were 4–9 times and 8–11 times higher than
those of the non-accumulating ecotype, respectively. The results indicated that the accumulating ecotype had better ability
to transport Pb from roots to shoots. The subcellular distributions of Pb in the root, stem and leaf tissues were studied
using sucrose differential centrifugation. Approximately 50% of Pb contents was found to be associated with the cell wall
fraction in stems of the accumulating ecotype and the percentage increased to 80% both in roots and leaves, no matter when
plants were grown with different levels of Pb. The results indicated that the distribution of Pb on cell walls of the accumulating
ecotype could mainly account for the high tolerance to Pb.
Project supported by a Key Project from the Educational Ministry of China (No:02180) and by the Outstanding Young Scientist
Grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 39925024). 相似文献
15.
Shu-na Yuan Malik Waqas Shui-jin Hua Noreen Bibi Xue-de Wang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2012,13(6):478-486
Colored cotton has naturally pigmented fibers. The mechanism of pigmentation in cotton fiber is not well documented. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of respiratory chain inhibitors, i.e., rotenone and thiourea, on pigmentation and fiber development in colored cotton. After 1 d post-anthesis, ovaries were harvested and developing ovules were cultured on the liquid medium containing different concentrations of rotenone and thiourea for 30 d. The results demonstrate that both respiratory inhibitors reduced fiber length and ovule development under ovule culture conditions, and the inhibition efficiency of rotenone was much higher than that of thiourea. Rotenone and thiourea also showed significant effects on fiber pigment (color) development in colored cotton. In green cotton fiber, rotenone advanced fiber pigment development by 7 d at 200 μmol/L, while thiourea inhibited fiber pigmentation at all treatment levels (400, 600, 800, 1 000, and 2 000 μmol/L). Both respiratory inhibitors, however, had no significant effects on pigmentation of brown cotton fibers. The activities of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) decreased significantly with increasing levels of both respiratory inhibitors. It is suggested that both respiratory inhibitors have important roles in deciphering the mechanism of pigmentation and fiber development in colored cotton. 相似文献
16.
Xiao-ping Hong Yan Zhu Yan-zhen Zhang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2012,13(6):503-510
A highly sensitive amperometric sulfadiazine sensor fabricated by electrochemical deposition of poly(cobalt tetraaminophthalocyanine) (poly(CoIITAPc)) on the surface of a multi-walled carbon nanotubes-Nafion (MWCNTs-Nafion) modified electrode is described. This electrode showed a very attractive performance by combining the advantages of CoIITAPc, MWCNTs, and Nafion. Compared with the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and the MWCNTs-Nafion modified electrode, the electrocatalytic activity of poly(CoIITAPc)-coated MWCNTs-Nafion GCE generated greatly improved electrochemical detections toward sulfadiazine including low oxidation potential, high current responses, and good anti-fouling performance. The oxidation peak currents of sulfadiazine obtained on the new modified electrode increased linearly while increasing the concentration of sulfadiazine from 0.5 to 43.5 μmol/L with the detection limit of 0.17 μmol/L. 相似文献
17.
烤烟Ne82及K326苗期(出苗、十字、生根、成苗)以土壤相对持水量分别保持90%、70～80%、60%、60%有利于种子萌发,幼苗成活和壮苗的培育,土壤水分过多或过少均影响种子萌发及幼苗成活和烟苗地上、地下部的协调生长,成苗期烟苗的净光合速率(Pn)以土壤相对持水量为60%时最高,水分过多、过少均使Pn下降,光合产物的积累减少. 相似文献
18.
土壤水分对苗期烤烟生长发育及光合生理特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
烤烟NC82及K326苗期（出苗、十字、生根、成苗）以上被相对持水量分别保持9｛小S、70～80％、60％、60％有利于种子前发．幼苗成活和壮苗的培育．上被水分过多或过少均影响种子前发及幼苗成活和烟苗地上、地下部的协调生长．成苗期烟苗的净光合速率（Pn）以上被相对持水量为60％时最高，水分过多、过少均使Pn下降，光合产物的积累减少． 相似文献
19.
重金属的开采和冶炼不仅破坏生态平衡,而且严重威胁人类的健康。以毕节地区2个铅锌矿为研究对象,采用现场采样、室内分析的方法,调查研究了该地区土壤及优势植物中重金属含量。结果表明：研究区土壤主要受到Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd四种重金属污染,其中,Cd污染最为严重,Pb、Zn为轻度污染。优势植物重金属含量测定表明,野艾蒿属于重金属富集型植物,苦苣菜属于规避型植物,马刺蓟属于根部囤积型植物。以上几种优势植物对重金属均具有一定的耐性,可以作为铅锌矿区弃地植物修复的优选物种。 相似文献
20.
Jin-ting YANG Li-hui TANG Yun-qing LIU Yin WANG Lie-ju WANG Feng-jiang ZHANG Min YAN 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2015,16(5):395-403
目的:研究离体热处理和顺铂联合热处理对术中回收血红细胞功能的影响及其中混杂的肝肿瘤细胞株(HepG2)的杀灭作用。创新点:(1)采用多种评价指标研究了不同时间离体热处理对术中回收血中混杂的HepG2的杀灭作用及对红细胞的影响,并确定了对红细胞安全且能有效杀灭HepG2的离体热处理时间。(2)从多个角度评价了离体顺铂联合热处理对术中回收血红细胞的影响及对其中混杂的HepG2的杀灭作用,确定了该方案中对红细胞安全且能有效去除HepG2的顺铂浓度。方法:采用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)、5-乙炔基-2’脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(EdU)和平板克隆形成评估HepG2的细胞存活率、DNA复制率和克隆形成能力(图1和3);从红细胞渗透脆性、携氧能力(2,3-二磷酸甘油酸(2,3-DPG)、半饱和氧分压(P50))、能量代谢(Na+-K+-ATPase、pH)、膜完整性(游离血红蛋白(Hb)、血清K+和Na+浓度、细胞膜磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻比例)等角度评估红细胞功能(图2和4;表3)。结论:肝肿瘤术中回收血经离体顺铂联合热处理(42°C,50μg/ml)60min后,能有效清除其中混杂的HepG2,但对红细胞无显著影响,值得体内进一步研究顺铂热处理有效应用于肿瘤手术自体血液回输的安全方案。 相似文献