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1.
采用近景动态立体摄影法和三维运动学分析法,对参加2000年6月全国田径锦标赛暨奥运会选拔赛的3名运动员最后用力阶段髋与躯干动作进行三维运动学分析,得出以下主要结论:最后用力阶段髋轴在水平面内逆时针加速转动是提高重心速度的一项重要因素;最后用力阶段,髋轴与躯干在水平面和矢状面内转动角速度最大值分别密切相关;最后用力阶段,我国优秀女子铅球运动员均采用了蹬转用力的右腿工作方式,本研究表明,这是一种合理的右腿工作方式。  相似文献   

2.
优秀女子赛艇运动员划桨动作的运动学特征研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
运用德国SIMI°Motion7.50运动分析系统对2007年世界锦标赛赛艇女子单人双桨运动员途中划技术进行二维录像解析,探讨优秀女子赛艇运动员划桨动作的运动学特征。研究发现,一桨周期内,由于运动员身体前倾程度以及桨叶入水角度不一,运动员间以髋关节和肩关节的活动范围差异较大。运动员拉桨初期注重腿部推蹬,躯干不能过早伸展;拉桨后期要求躯干至上肢关节协调发力。回桨阶段运动员肩肘关节和躯干最大角速度几乎同时达到,上肢关节衔接技术要求较高,腿部处于放松状态,不参与发力。躯干在整个回桨过程中基本保持匀速运动状态。  相似文献   

3.
运用VICON动作分析捕捉系统、Kistler三维测力台以及多功能测力靶,对散打运动员正蹬腿打击过程的动作时间、躯干旋转角度与打击腿关节角度、环节速度、角速度、支撑腿地面反作用力等相关指标的测量,探讨影响散打运动员正蹬腿打击效果的主要因素。研究表明:优秀运动员提膝阶段比普通运动员时间短、速度快、躯干旋转与髋关节角度小,在最后撞击时优秀运动员比普通运动员送髋速度快,充分、支撑腿蹬地迅速并蹬地力度大。建议:(1)正蹬腿的训练中提高提膝的速度以及提膝与蹬伸间的连贯性。(2)提膝时大腿尽量贴紧躯干,撞击时充分向前送髋,加大打击距离。(3)提膝时身体重心不要刻意下压,最后撞击时加强支撑腿蹬地力。  相似文献   

4.
目的比较不同重量级别优秀跆拳道运动员横踢技术动作的运动轨迹,探求重量级别差异与横踢技术动作特征之间的关系及其对动作速度产生的影响程度。方法采用VICON Nexus三维运动捕捉系统,分别对58 kg、68 kg、80 kg等3个重量级别30名运动员横踢技术动作在击打靶位时的运动轨迹进行采集。依据横踢技术动作特点和鞭打动作原理,将横踢技术动作的运动轨迹划分为4个时刻和3个时段。分别对下肢关节的角度、角速度、力矩及其动作时间、位移、速度等在每个时刻和时段的变化情况,运用VICON Polygon分析软件进行计算。结果 3个重量级别运动员下肢关节的角度、角速度、力矩以及动作时间、位移、速度等存在显著性差异(P<0.05);运动员的躯干和支撑腿绕轴转动幅度与进攻腿各关节的角度、角速度、力矩等表现为58 kg>68 kg>80 kg;横踢技术的击打距离表现为80 kg>68 kg>58 kg,动作速度表现为58 kg>68 kg>80 kg。结论运动员因重量级别不同而产生的体重差异对动作速度的影响比较显著;运动员的重量级别越小身体灵敏性越好,动作速度也就越快,横踢技术动作特征更加合理且对动作速度的影响相对较小;运动员的重量级别越大身体灵敏性越差,虽然击打距离相对较远,但是对动作速度的影响却相对明显。  相似文献   

5.
途中跑的最大速度是决定100m运动员成绩的主要因素之一,本文通过高速摄影影像解析与回归分析的方法,对影响最大速度的支撑阶段后蹬离地时相的主要因素研究,结果显示影响100m的最大速度Yv的因素为:X1蹬地腿膝角、X2蹬地角、X3躯干角、X4上臂角速度ω、X5大腿角、X6大腿角速度ω.其函数表达式:Yv=11.054-0.027X1-0.063X2+0.034X3+0.003X4+0.060X5+0.005X6.  相似文献   

6.
采用人体三维转动新的运动学指标和方法一卡尔丹角及绝对角速度对江苏队健将级运动员吕军海跳马侧手翻直体侧空翻转体990°高难技术动作进行了全过程测试分析，给出了完整的人体侧翻、空翻、转体三维转动数据，揭示了该高难动作技术三维转动规律以及侧翻、空翻、转体技术特征，为我国运动员发展和改进此类动作技术提供了全新的理论和实践上的参考依据。  相似文献   

7.
排球后排扣球空中击球动作的三维高速录像分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
笔者运用三维高速摄影方法对男子排球运动员后排扣球空中击球动作进行了三维的运动学分析，目的在于揭示击球过程中身体各环节的运动特征，结果分析表明，后排扣球空中击球动作是以躯干的转体、收腹及伸肩动作用力带动肩、肘、腕、手依次用力成鞭打动作击球的三维运动，躯干转体动作的角速度大于收腹动作角速度，转体动作在后排扣球空中击球动作中占有重要地位。  相似文献   

8.
方法：利用CONTREX等速肌力测试与训练系统,以180°／s、120°／s、60°／s3种角速度对苏州市自行车训练队26名运动员右腿膝关节进行等速向心屈伸测试。目的：分析自行车运动员不同角速度下等速向心收缩与膝关节肌肌力的关系及肌力特征。结果：1、屈伸肌峰力矩随速度的增加呈减小趋势。2、到达峰力矩的时间随测试速度的增加而缩短。且男女运动员在180°／s与120°／s组间均无显著差异。3、膝关节相对平均功率伸肌均大于屈肌,120°／ts时,屈伸肌的相对平均功率最大。4、屈伸肌比在64．8％～70．6％内,有随速度增加而增加的趋势。结论：以60°／s的角速度训练肌肉最大力量效果更明显;爆发力在120°／s时训练效果最佳;屈／伸肌比值（H／Q）在正常范围内,但低于优秀运动员（优秀运动员可达80％以上）。  相似文献   

9.
采用影像分析法、文献资料法、对比分析法等对3名优秀男子背向滑步推铅球选手最后用力时躯干动作变化进行研究与分析,以期掌握滑步推铅球运动员在最后用力过程中躯干转动的动作结构、速度变化等特征,对指导实际教学与训练有重要的现实意义.分析表明,在最后用力过程中,3名运动员的躯干动作是在前振的同时进行有序转动的复合运动.优秀铅球运动员的躯干转动技术表明,最后用力阶段.髋轴先于肩轴达到峰值速度,达到峰值后依次快速下降.在铅球出手瞬间躯干接近垂直状态,有一定程度的"前倾"或"后仰".躯干在过渡阶段的适当前振有利于左腿的积极着地,有利于铅球速度和整个身体重心速度的增加,进而缩短过渡阶段进入最后用力阶段的时间.  相似文献   

10.
为探求优秀散打运动员的体重差异与鞭腿技术动作特征是否对击打速度产生影响。方法：运用VICON Nexus 3D运动捕捉系统,对小、中、大三个级别15名运动员运用鞭腿技术动作快速击打目标物时的运动轨迹进行采集。依据鞭打动作特点和下肢关节运动特征,将技术动作划分为四个时刻、三个时段,并对四个时刻下肢关节的角度以及三个时段的动作位移、时间、速度、角速度等运用VICON Polygon分析软件进行计算。结果表明：启动时段（P1）小级别运动员的躯干和支撑腿各关节运动幅度呈"上大下小"状态,大级别运动员呈"上小下大"状态;三个级别运动员作用腿下肢关节的运动方向相同,运动幅度却出现差异,小级别运动员启动时段的动作速度相对较快。击打时段（P2）三个级别运动员支撑腿的髋、踝关节回旋运动方向出现差异;作用腿下肢关节运动方向相同,中级别运动员膝关节屈曲角度相对较大、转动半径相对较小,击打时段的动作速度也相对较快。回收阶段（P3）三个级别运动员支撑腿髋关节屈伸、回旋运动方向出现差异;作用腿下肢关节运动方向相同,小级别运动员作用腿下肢关节转动半径相对较小,回收时段的动作速度也相对较快。不同级别运动员鞭腿技术动作特征对击打速度存在显著性差异,相同级别散打运动员减轻体重、改善下肢关节的运动方向和运动幅度,才是提高击打速度的重要途径。  相似文献   

11.
The goal of an offensive Rugby Union lineout is to throw the ball in a manner that allows your team to maintain possession. Typically, the player catching the ball jumps and is lifted upwards by two teammates, reaching above the opposing player who is competing for the ball also. Despite various beliefs regarding the importance of the jumper’s mass and attempted jump height, and lifters’ magnitude and point of force application, there is negligible published data on the topic. The squeeze technique is one lifting method commonly employed by New Zealand teams during lineout plays, whereby the jumper initiates the jump quickly and the lifters provide assistance only once the jumper reaches 20–30 cm. While this strategy may reduce cues to the opposition, it might also constrain the jumper and lifters. We developed a model to explore how changes in the jumper’s body mass and attempted jump height, and lifters’ magnitude and point of force application influence the time to reach peak catch height. The magnitude of the lift force impacted the time-to-reach peak catch height the most; followed by the jumper’s (attempted) jump height and body mass; and lastly, the point of lift force application.  相似文献   

12.
Effects of fatigue on golf performance   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The purpose of this study was to determine if body position, weight transfer, and/or pelvis/trunk rotations changed as a result of a golf specific fatiguing protocol and whether these changes affected resultant club head velocity at impact and shot consistency. Six male golfers and one female golfer participated in the study, who had a mean age, height, and body mass of 23.9 +/- 3.9 years, 177.4 +/- 4.9 cm, and 75.3 +/- 9.9 kg, respectively. Path analysis was used to determine the relationships between fatigue, biomechanical variables, and resultant club head velocity at impact and shot consistency. In the statistical models representing the effects of biomechanical variables calculated at the top of the swing and ball contact, golf specific fatigue was associated with a 2.0% and 2.5% reduction in the club head velocity and a 7.1% and 9.4% improvement in the shot consistency, respectively. These data suggest that golf specific fatigue was not related to the initial lower body sagittal plane angles at address nor was simulated golf specific fatigue related to peak transverse plane pelvis and trunk rotational velocities (or their timings) in a manner that indicates a relationship to resultant club head velocity and shot consistency.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

A case study visualisation approach to examining the coordination and variability of multiple interacting segments is presented using a whole-body gymnastic skill as the task example. One elite male gymnast performed 10 trials of 10 longswings whilst three-dimensional locations of joint centres were tracked using a motion analysis system. Segment angles were used to define coupling between the arms and trunk, trunk and thighs and thighs and shanks. Rectified continuous relative phase profiles for each interacting couple for 80 longswings were produced. Graphical representations of coordination couplings are presented that include the traditional single coupling, followed by the relational dynamics of two couplings and finally three couplings simultaneously plotted. This method highlights the power of visualisation of movement dynamics and identifies properties of the global interacting segmental couplings that a more formal analysis may not reveal. Visualisation precedes and informs the appropriate qualitative and quantitative analysis of the dynamics.  相似文献   

14.
In most Paralympic wheelchair sports, active trunk range of movement is assessed by observing shoulder girdle excursion during active trunk movements and is a key determinant of an athlete's class. However, to date research evaluating the impact of reduced trunk range of movement on wheelchair sports performance has not been conducted. In the present study, 15 non-disabled male participants performed two 20-s sprints on a wheelchair ergometer in each of three seating positions. Positions were typical of those used to enhance sitting stability in wheelchair sport and each impacted available trunk range of movement differently: condition-90 (seated with thighs horizontal; unrestricted range of movement) condition-45 (seated with thighs in 45°), and condition-0 (seated with hips maximally flexed; minimum range of movement). In condition-90, the trunk only actively contributed to the first push; for the remainder of the sprint, the trunk was held almost isometrically at 48.2° to the horizontal (range 42.1-56.4°). Similar patterns were observed for both condition-45 and condition-0. Compared with condition-90, participants in condition-0 had reduced capacity to accelerate of statistical (P < 0.05) and practical significance. These findings are an important initial step towards evidence-based decision making in classification. Future research should evaluate the individual and collective impact of other factors that affect the trunk's contribution to wheelchair sports performance, including strapping, seating position, and impairments of trunk muscle power and coordination.  相似文献   

15.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of sequences of the trunk and arm angular motions on the performance of javelin throwing. In this study, 32 male and 30 female elite javelin throwers participated and were separated into a short official distance group or a long official distance group in each gender. Three-dimensional coordinates of 21 body landmarks and 3 marks on the javelin in the best trial were collected for each subject. Joint center linear velocities and selected trunk and arm segment and joint angles and angular velocities were calculated. The times of the initiations of the selected segment and joint angular motions and maximum angular velocities were determined. The sequences of the initiations of the selected segment and joint angular motions and maximum angular velocities were compared between short and long official distance groups and between genders. The results demonstrated that short and long official distance groups employed similar sequences of the trunk and arm motions. Male and female javelin throwers employed different sequences of the trunk and arm motions. The sequences of the trunk and arm motions were different from those of the maximal joint center linear velocities.  相似文献   

16.
Understanding of the inter-joint coordination between rotational movement of each hip and trunk in golf would provide basic knowledge regarding how the neuromuscular system organises the related joints to perform a successful swing motion. In this study, we evaluated the inter-joint coordination characteristics between rotational movement of the hips and trunk during golf downswings. Twenty-one right-handed male professional golfers were recruited for this study. Infrared cameras were installed to capture the swing motion. The axial rotation angle, angular velocity and inter-joint coordination were calculated by the Euler angle, numerical difference method and continuous relative phase, respectively. A more typical inter-joint coordination demonstrated in the leading hip/trunk than trailing hip/trunk. Three coordination characteristics of the leading hip/trunk reported a significant relationship with clubhead speed at impact (r < ?0.5) in male professional golfers. The increased rotation difference between the leading hip and trunk in the overall downswing phase as well as the faster rotation of the leading hip compared to that of the trunk in the early downswing play important roles in increasing clubhead speed. These novel inter-joint coordination strategies have the great potential to use a biomechanical guideline to improve the golf swing performance of unskilled golfers.  相似文献   

17.
The purposes of this study were to: (a) examine differences within specific kinematic variables and ball velocity associated with developmental component levels of step and trunk action (Roberton & Halverson, 1984), and (b) if the differences in kinematic variables were significantly associated with the differences in component levels, determine potential kinematic constraints associated with skilled throwing acquisition. Results indicated stride length (69.3 %) and time from stride foot contact to ball release (39. 7%) provided substantial contributions to ball velocity (p < .001). All trunk kinematic measures increased significantly with increasing component levels (p < .001). Results suggest that trunk linear and rotational velocities, degree of trunk tilt, time from stride foot contact to ball release, and ball velocity represented potential control parameters and, therefore, constraints on overarm throwing acquisition.  相似文献   

18.
采用IVC高速射像系统对参加第七届全国城市运动会男子跳远比赛前10名运动员起跳过程摆动腿动作运动学特征及对起跳效果的影响进行分析。研究表明,摆动腿摆动技术在跳远起跳过程中对增加身体重心垂直速度起着重要作用;我国男子跳远运动员在起跳过程中摆动腿摆动速度在蹬离地面至最大缓冲阶段角速度不断增加,蹬伸阶段角速度为零,其特征与运动生物力学有关原理相符：与国外优秀男子跳远运动员相比,我国男子跳远运动员起跳瞬间摆动腿摆动时机晚、速度慢、摆动幅度较小,从而影响了起跳效果,这是影响跳远成绩提高的原因之一。  相似文献   

19.
The purposes of this study were to: (a) examine differences within specific kinematic variables and ball velocity associated with developmental component levels of step and trunk action (Roberton & Halverson, 1984), and (b) if the differences in kinematic variables were significantly associated with the differences in component levels, determine potential kinematic constraints associated with skilled throwing acquisition. Results indicated stride length (69.3%) and time from stride foot contact to ball release (39.7%) provided substantial contributions to ball velocity (p < .001). All trunk kinematic measures increased significantly with increasing component levels (p < .001). Results suggest that trunk linear and rotational velocities, degree of trunk tilt, time from stride foot contact to ball release, and ball velocity represented potential control parameters and, therefore, constraints on overarm throwing acquisition.  相似文献   

20.
跳远起跳阶段摆动腿摆动的运动学特征及对起跳效果的影响   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  
采用 JVC高速摄像系统对参加第 4届城市运动会 (1999,西安 )男子跳远比赛前 10名运动员起跳过程摆动腿动作运动学特征及对起跳效果的影响进行分析。研究表明 ,摆动腿摆动技术在跳远起跳过程中对增加身体重心垂直速度起着重要作用 ;我国男子跳远运动员在起跳过程中摆动腿摆动速度在蹬离地面至最大缓冲阶段角速度不断增加 ,蹬伸阶段角速度为零 ,其特征与运动生物力学有关原理相符 ;与国外优秀男子跳远运动员相比 ,我国男子跳远运动员起跳瞬间摆动腿摆动时机晚、速度慢、摆动幅度较小 ,从而影响了起跳效果 ,这是影响跳远成绩提高的原因之一。  相似文献   

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