Sex differences in elbow and wrist joint loading during the cartwheel and round off with different hand positions performed by young gymnasts     

Roman Farana  Gerda Strutzenberger  Timothy Exell  Jiri Skypala  Huw Wiltshire  Gareth Irwin 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(13):1449-1456

The aim of the study was to determine if sex differences exist in the key elbow and wrist joint injury risk factors during different cartwheel (CW) and round-off (RO) techniques performed by young male and female artistic gymnasts. Sixteen active young gymnasts (8 males and 8 females) performed 30 successful trials of CW and RO with three different hand positions (parallel (10), T-shape (10) and reverse (10)). Synchronised kinematic and kinetic data were collected for each trial. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA (3 × 2, technique × sex) and effect-sizes (ES) were used for statistical analysis. In conclusion, female gymnasts exhibited greater normalised peak vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF), elbow and wrist compression forces and elbow internal adduction moments during CW and RO skills compared with male gymnasts. In both sexes, the parallel and reverse techniques increased peak VGRF, elbow and wrist compression forces and the elbow internal adduction moment. Increased elbow flexion resulted in decreased peak VGRF, elbow compression forces and elbow internal adduction moment. Injury risk factors including elbow extension and internal adduction moment with axial compression force suggest that a CW and RO in reverse and parallel techniques can be hazardous especially for young female gymnasts.  相似文献   

Editorial     

Gareth Parry 《Higher Education Quarterly》2003,57(4):305-307

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Retrieving and classifying instances of source code plagiarism     

Debasis?GangulyEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Gareth?J.?F.?Jones  Aarón?Ramírez-de-la-Cruz  Gabriela?Ramírez-de-la-Rosa  Esaú?Villatoro-Tello 《Information Retrieval》2018,21(1):1-23

Automatic detection of source code plagiarism is an important research field for both the commercial software industry and within the research community. Existing methods of plagiarism detection primarily involve exhaustive pairwise document comparison, which does not scale well for large software collections. To achieve scalability, we approach the problem from an information retrieval (IR) perspective. We retrieve a ranked list of candidate documents in response to a pseudo-query representation constructed from each source code document in the collection. The challenge in source code document retrieval is that the standard bag-of-words (BoW) representation model for such documents is likely to result in many false positives being retrieved, because of the use of identical programming language specific constructs and keywords. To address this problem, we make use of an abstract syntax tree (AST) representation of the source code documents. While the IR approach is efficient, it is essentially unsupervised in nature. To further improve its effectiveness, we apply a supervised classifier (pre-trained with features extracted from sample plagiarized source code pairs) on the top ranked retrieved documents. We report experiments on the SOCO-2014 dataset comprising 12K Java source files with almost 1M lines of code. Our experiments confirm that the AST based approach produces significantly better retrieval effectiveness than a standard BoW representation, i.e., the AST based approach is able to identify a higher number of plagiarized source code documents at top ranks in response to a query source code document. The supervised classifier, trained on features extracted from sample plagiarized source code pairs, is shown to effectively filter and thus further improve the ranked list of retrieved candidate plagiarized documents.  相似文献   

The debate over the National Curriculum for history in England and Wales, 198990: the role of the press     

Gareth Elwyn Jones 《Curriculum Journal》2013,24(3):299-322

The construction of a history curriculum for England and for Wales under the terms of the 1988 Education Reform Act occasioned more debate in the media than any other subject in the National Curriculum. The links between the content of a history syllabus and perceptions within both nations of the part this plays in moulding national spirit made this inevitable. The disparity of view between the two groups charged with devising the syllabus and the government, particularly the Prime Minister, heightened the tension. This article explores the way in which consequent political, professional and public discussion was covered in the whole range of national newspapers. It is argued that the failure of the London press to comprehend the situation in Wales reduced significantly its appreciation of the processes involved in the making of the history curriculum.  相似文献   

The Roles of Parental Support and Family Stress in Adolescent Sleep          下载免费PDF全文

Kim M. Tsai  Ronald E. Dahl  Michael R. Irwin  Julienne E. Bower  Heather McCreath  Teresa E. Seeman  David M. Almeida  Andrew J. Fuligni 《Child development》2018,89(5):1577-1588

The current study examines the association between parental support and adolescent sleep under varying levels of family stress. Participants included 316 adolescents (M_age = 16.40 years, 43% male) and their parents (M_age = 45.67 years, 91% mothers) from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Both adolescents and parents completed questionnaires and adolescents wore wrist actigraphs and completed self‐reports on their sleep for 7 consecutive days. Results indicated that under contexts of family stress, more parental support was linked to longer sleep duration, less sleep variability, and less time spent awake during the night. Findings suggest that under contexts of family stress, cohesive family relationships may provide a sense of stability and security that is necessary for healthful sleep.  相似文献   

Video variety at the Kettering Medical Center     

Irwin S 《Educational & industrial television》1981,13(10):68-72

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Faculty experience of rudeness in Scottish higher education: dealing with rudeness from students and colleagues.     

A. Irwin  A. M. H. Cederblad 《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2019,43(5):658-673

This paper investigated rudeness experienced by academic staff from students, co-workers and senior staff members. The focus of much of the rudeness literature in an educational setting has been on the student experience of rudeness, predominantly in the classroom. The aim of the current study was to focus on the experience of academic staff rather than students, and to broaden consideration of rudeness beyond the classroom, to include e-mail. Using a mixed-methods questionnaire, with both closed and open questions, rudeness perception, impact and response was examined across a sample of 122 academic staff from Scottish Higher Education institutions. The study examined relationships between personality, stress, job satisfaction, level of rudeness and the impact of rudeness on staff. The qualitative segment explored responses to rude e-mails across three sources; student, colleague and senior colleague. The results indicated that academic staff reported similar levels of rudeness from students, co-workers and senior colleagues. Faculty who reported high levels of neuroticism were more likely to report a negative impact of rudeness. Academic staff also reported that their response to rudeness could differ according to the instigator: a greater proportion of staff reported that they would be likely to reprimand a student, in comparison to a colleague, for rudeness. Staff were more likely to seek an informal resolution to rudeness with a co-worker, rather than a student. This paper highlights the potential importance of individual characteristics in assessing the impact of rudeness on faculty and indicates that rudeness may come from several sources in academia.  相似文献   

“Quality education”: A definition     

Irwin Goldberg 《The Urban Review》1967,2(1):3-3

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Lifelong Debt: Rates of Return to Mature Study   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Muriel Egerton  & Gareth Parry 《Higher Education Quarterly》2001,55(1):04-27

High rates of return to first degrees have been used to justify increased student financial contributions to higher education. However, no discrete study of rates of return to mature graduates has been carried out although mature graduates now form a significant proportion of the student population. The General Household Survey 1983–1992 was used to examine the earnings of mature graduates compared with those of matriculates. The GHS yielded 616 mature graduate men in full-time work and 296 mature graduate women who were in full-time employment. It was found that the rate of return to mature male graduates was just above one per cent. With recent added costs, new male mature graduates can be forecast to make a sizeable loss on their study. Rates of return to women mature graduates were higher, between five and six per cent, and, based on these figures, the recent increased cost of mature graduate study should be covered by increased earnings. However, these calculations are based on average earnings for the modal age cohort of mature graduates. Those who are older when they complete or earn below the average (a large percentage) will not recoup the costs of study.  相似文献   

Convergent genomic signatures of high-altitude adaptation among domestic mammals     

Dong-Dong Wu  Cui-Ping Yang  Ming-Shan Wang  Kun-Zhe Dong  Da-Wei Yan  Zi-Qian Hao  Song-Qing Fan  Shu-Zhou Chu  Qiu-Shuo Shen  Li-Ping Jiang  Yan Li  Lin Zeng  He-Qun Liu  Hai-Bing Xie  Yun-Fei Ma  Xiao-Yan Kong  Shu-Li Yang  Xin-Xing Dong  Ali Esmailizadeh  David M Irwin  Xiao Xiao  Ming Li  Yang Dong  Wen Wang  Peng Shi  Hai-Peng Li  Yue-Hui Ma  Xiao Gou  Yong-Bin Chen  Ya-Ping Zhang 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(6):952

Abundant and diverse domestic mammals living on the Tibetan Plateau provide useful materials for investigating adaptive evolution and genetic convergence. Here, we used 327 genomes from horses, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and dogs living at both high and low altitudes, including 73 genomes generated for this study, to disentangle the genetic mechanisms underlying local adaptation of domestic mammals. Although molecular convergence is comparatively rare at the DNA sequence level, we found convergent signature of positive selection at the gene level, particularly the EPAS1 gene in these Tibetan domestic mammals. We also reported a potential function in response to hypoxia for the gene C10orf67, which underwent positive selection in three of the domestic mammals. Our data provide an insight into adaptive evolution of high-altitude domestic mammals, and should facilitate the search for additional novel genes involved in the hypoxia response pathway.  相似文献