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1.
毛乌素沙漠气候变化空间分布比较研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随着全球气候的变化,毛乌素沙漠区气候日趋暖干化。该文应用毛乌素沙漠区内部包括内蒙古(乌审旗)、陕西(府谷)、宁夏(盐池)三个地区1971年--1998年均温,春、夏、秋、冬各季月平均气温及1961年--1998年降水量,春、夏、秋、冬各季月平均降水量,研究气候暖干化在毛乌素沙漠区内部的空间差异。分析结果表明：①近30a来整个毛乌素沙漠区气候趋于暖干,但其内部尚存在较明显的差异;②乌审旗、盐池及府谷年均温显著升高,尤其冬季是三个地区增温幅度最大的时期,且远大于全国的冬季增温率。其中府谷升温幅度较小,乌审旗是者中增温幅度最大的地区;③乌审旗、盐池及府谷年降水量减少趋势明显,乌审旗减少幅度最大,秋季是三个地区降水减少幅度最大的季节,春、夏、冬三季减少趋势不明显,这三个地区春季降水有明显的相关性。总的来说,乌审旗、盐池及府谷在气候变化方面有一定的差异,但其暖干化的趋势是一致的,尤其是秋季的暖干化趋势更为相近。 相似文献
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西藏地区近35年气温变化的初步分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文分析了西藏地区近３５年温度变化的时空特征,发现近３５年平均气温处于波动变化,其变化幅度趋于平缓,总体特征呈升温趋势,四个分区无论冬季还是夏季,其温度都呈上升趋势,且冬季增温幅度大于夏季增温幅度,隆冬季节及盛夏季节的异常年具有持续性和连续性的特点,特别是进入９０年代后,隆冬季节的温度异常偏暖。 相似文献
3.
近50年来东北地区气温变化时空特征分析 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
运用MHF小波分析、非参数统计检验Mann-kendall法及Yamamoto法对东北地区91个气象站点近50年的气候资料进行了温度变化的时空特征分析,结果表明:东北地区近50年来年均气温存在着明显的增温趋势,变化幅度为0.36 ℃/10年,明显高于全国的平均增温幅度,冬季和春季对东北地区年均气温上升趋势贡献率最大,两者的变化幅度分别为0.6 ℃/10年和0.4 ℃/10年。年、季节的温度变化趋势在空间上存在差异,对于年均温而言,近50年来整个东北地区的升温幅度较大的地区位于小兴安岭,松嫩平原大部及大兴安岭山地北端;大兴安岭南端、燕山山地东侧,辽河平原、辽东山地及长白山地大部变化幅度较小,本溪周围为整个东北地区气温变化幅度最小的地区。东北地区气温年变化具有明显的14年振荡周期,年代际特征明显,突变点分别为1964年和1988年,后者为强突变点。 相似文献
4.
使用中流量颗粒物采样器采集济南市2011年春、夏、秋、冬季大气气溶胶中PM2.5样品,并利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对PM2.5样品中的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行分析,研究PM2.5中PAHs的季节变化特征和来源.结果显示,PM2.5中16种PAHs的全年总浓度变化范围为1.94~92.19 ng·m-3,且浓度水平具有季节性变化特征,秋、冬季灰霾天PAHs浓度明显升高.诊断参数法和主成分分析法分析指出机动车尾气排放、煤燃烧和生物质燃烧是PM2.5中PAHs的主要污染源.4个季节灰霾天的BEQ平均值和CR平均值均高于清洁天,秋、冬季灰霾天BEQ平均值(5.32 ng·m-3,8.65 ng·m-3)和CR平均值(5.85×10-6,8.88×10-6)明显高于春、夏季灰霾天的BEQ值(3.31 ng·m-3,2.63 ng·m-3)和CR值(3.64×10-6,2.89×10-6),表明济南市秋、冬季灰霾污染的健康风险高. 相似文献
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6.
开都河流域径流对气候变化的响应 总被引：29，自引：2，他引：29
开都河属塔里木河的源流之一,随着塔里木河流域近期综合治理的深入进行,开都河径流变化对气候的响应关系已逐渐成为国内外科学家关注的热点问题之一.鉴于此目的,该文采用经典的Mann-Kendall和Mann-Whitney检验方法,利用该流域巴音布鲁克气象站和大山口水文站1958～2002年的实测资料,分析对比了气温、降雨和径流序列变化特征.结果表明:除春季外,其他季节的年径流基本表现为1958～1973年偏丰、1974年～1986年偏枯和1987年～2000年偏丰,并在1987年～2000年间表现为显著上升的趋势;年平均气温经历了高-低-高三阶段,其中夏季气温总体呈上升趋势;降雨的空间差异性明显,上游年降雨量1973后跳变减少,其中夏季降雨量于1977年～1988年间为多年最小值;中游夏季降雨量1987年后跳变增加.以径流自身的特征变化为时段划分基础,对比了径流、降雨和气温变化过程,研究表明:夏季年际降雨与气温变化是引起夏、秋、冬季径流变化的根本原因;其中年降雨变化对径流变化起主导作用,夏季气温变化导致的冰川融水变化对径流具有一定调节作用,70年代～80年代冰川融水减少使径流减少幅度大于降水减少幅度,而90年代冰川融水增加使径流增加幅度大于降水增加幅度. 相似文献
7.
本论文分析了低层大气急流的季节变化.原始数据是美国的编号为03937的站点2002-2004年的数据,笔者对数据中经向风和纬向风这两个参数进行处理.通过对其拟合处理,运用IDL软件编程输出图形,发现低层大气急流的季节变化规律,即经向风的风速随着高度的变化幅度小,纬向风的风速随着高度的升高变化幅度比较大,春冬季急流最大,而夏季急流最小. 相似文献
8.
1961年至2007年东北地区水分盈亏变化趋势及其影响与响应 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用1961年-2007年东北地区124个气象站的气候资料,采用Penman-Monteith模型计算参考蒸散量,进而计算水分盈亏量,对水分盈亏量时空演变特征及其影响与响应进行分析.研究表明:东北地区10年际全年、春季、秋季和冬季水分盈亏量以亏缺为主,夏季以盈余为主,东北地区全年、夏季、秋季和冬季水分盈亏量都呈先减少后增加的趋势,但总体上呈减少趋势,速率分别为-4.2mm/10a、-3.4mm/10a、-2.2 mm/10a、-0.7 mm/10a;春季呈弱增多趋势,其速率为7.5 mm/10a,东北地区有逐渐变干的趋势.从地域分布看,有2/3的地区呈下降趋势,1/3的地区呈上升趋势.对各气象因子与水分盈亏量的相关分析表明,影响水分盈亏量变化的主要因子是降水量,其次是温度.当温度变化时,各季节水分盈亏量变化:冬季>秋季>夏季>春季;当降水量变化时,各季节水分盈亏量变化:夏季>秋季>春季>冬季.由此可见,温度的变化对冬季的水分盈亏量影响最大,降水的变化对夏季水分盈亏量影响最大.受水分亏缺影响,干旱频率增加、区域扩大,粮食生产不稳定性增加. 相似文献
9.
1961-2013年东北三省极端气候事件时空格局及变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东北三省是中国重要的商品粮基地。本文基于东北三省1961-2013年71个台站逐日气温、降水资料,选取了“欧洲地区极端事件统计和区域动力降尺度”（STARDEX）项目提出的57个极端指数中的8个核心指数,分析和揭示东北三省极端气候事件的空间格局及变化,研究结果可为降低东北三省自然灾害对农业生产的影响,以及制定应对气候风险的策略提供依据。研究结果表明：①年和四季的高温阈值、低温阈值与最长热浪天数均随时间呈现波动上升趋势,年和春、秋、冬季的霜冻日数随年际表现为下降趋势;②东北三省西南地区易发生极端高温事件,北部易发生极端低温事件。同时北部亦是年和春、秋霜冻日数的高值分布区,且高温热浪的天数相对较长（高温热浪的季节）;③年和秋季强降水阈值随时间呈现波动下降趋势,而春、夏和冬季强降水阈值呈现波动上升趋势;年和春、夏、冬季强降水比例和强降水日数亦随年际呈现波动上升趋势,秋季强降水比例和强降水日数则表现为下降趋势;年和春、秋、冬季的持续干期呈现下降趋势,夏季呈现上升趋势;④东南部是极端降水事件的高发区,夏季与春季、秋季为极端降水事件易发的季节,极端事件增多,且向西部蔓延。年与四季的持续干期的分布均呈现西长东短的特点。 相似文献
10.
采用凝集实验方法,对春、夏、秋、冬季三角帆蚌鳃凝集素活性进行测定,结果显示：蚌鳃的凝集素活性春季凝集效价为2^4、夏季凝集效价为2^2、秋季凝集效价为2^4、冬季凝集效价为2^3春、秋季的凝集素活性相对较强,夏、冬季的凝集素活性相对较弱。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
13.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
14.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
15.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
16.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
17.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
18.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献