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1.
To improve college access for low-income students, an increasing number of public colleges and universities have implemented no-loan policies, where student loans are replaced with institutional grant aid that does not require repayment. Using detailed income measures provided by Mobility Report Card data, this study examines the effect of no-loan policies on student economic diversity at public 4-year institutions. Using a difference-in-differences design and the synthetic control method, we found that the adoption of no-loan policies at public institutions increased enrollment shares of low-income students (bottom two family income quintiles). However, the increase was minimal for students from the lowest income quintile, particularly at the most selective institutions. Our findings suggest that although no-loan policies may help improve affordability at public colleges and universities, further efforts are needed to address underrepresentation of students from the lowest part of the income distribution.
相似文献2.
This study investigates how the expectations of different types of financial aid affect the student college choice process
from application through enrollment. We find that students from different race and income groups respond differentially to
aid packages in their application and enrollment decisions depending on their levels of aid expectations. In application behavior,
Asians at all income levels increase their likelihood of application at a greater rate in response to an increase in their
aid expectations than other racial groups. Simulations indicate that enrollment probabilities decline more for African American
and Hispanic students than whites and Asians when they expect to receive financial aid but do not. The findings suggest the
particular importance of financial aid packages in the college choice process for underrepresented minority students. 相似文献
3.
In response to growing income stratification in higher education, President Obama convened a White House Summit in 2014 where over 100 selective institutions committed to increasing the number of low-income students on their campus. One way colleges proposed to do so is through partnerships with college access organizations like QuestBridge, a nonprofit organization that aims to increase the percentage of low-income students at elite universities. While institutions purport that QuestBridge improved socioeconomic diversity, empirical research has not confirmed these claims. In this study, we estimate the effect of QuestBridge on overall access of Pell eligible students at partner institutions using quasi-experimental methods. We find no increase in the economic diversity of colleges after establishing a partnership with QuestBridge, except for colleges simultaneously partnering with QuestBridge and enacting no-loan financial aid policies. We also consider whether participation in QuestBridge increases institutional status through larger application volumes and increased selectivity, and discuss implications for research and practice in the area of stratification. 相似文献
4.
This paper examines the effects of financial aid on the decision to attend a selective liberal arts college using data obtained from applicants accepted to Occidental College in 1989. Patterned after a similar empirical investigation by Ehrenberg and Sherman for accepted freshmen at Cornell in 1981, logit probabilities of enrollment equations are estimated based on (1) observable characteristics of the individual students, (2) the net costs of attending Occidental and the various alternative colleges under consideration (including the financial aid packages offered) and (3) other characteristics of these alternative colleges. The results, like Ehrenberg and Sherman's, indicate that relative tuition and scholarships affect the probability of enrollment for financial aid applicants, but that loans and work study assistance have no statistically significant effect. Non-financial aid applicants — a group not investigated by Ehrenberg and Sherman — are much less sensitive to relative cost considerations. 相似文献
5.
Nathan Dickmeyer 《Research in higher education》1982,17(1):51-67
The financial problems of colleges under 1,000 in enrollment cannot be blamed entirely on a set of minimum, or fixed, costs that colleges of any size must bear. Enrollment fluctuations and lower tuitions also contribute to financial difficulties. In the past, colleges have used growth not so much to capitalize on economies of scale as to provide evidence of success to their constituents. As a result, the ranks of small colleges remain populated with those institutions experiencing financial difficulty, while more successful institutions have attained a larger size. However, in an era of limited growth potential, small colleges must not look to growth as a symbol of success. Success will be better equated with the continuation of quality academic programs in a closely knit community. 相似文献
6.
Jiyun Kim 《Research in higher education》2012,53(2):123-151
This study explores the relationship between state financial aid policies and postsecondary enrollment for high school graduates
(or equivalent diploma holders). Utilizing an event history modeling for a nationally representative sample from the National
Education Longitudinal Study (NELS:88/2000) in addition to state-level policy variables, this study examined how state aid
policies differentially affect students’ postsecondary enrollment choices depending on their family income and race/ethnicity
between the years 1992 through 2000. The findings demonstrate that there is a clear and consistent gap in college enrollment
for students who are from different income and race/ethnic groups, and that changes in state financial aid policy are significantly
related with the type of institutions a student attends across income and racial groups. The study findings have important
implications for state aid policy as well as future research on the role of public financial aid policy in college choice
of students from different income and racial/ethnic backgrounds. 相似文献
7.
Students admitted to more than one institution of higher education face one of the most difficult decisions of their lives. The determinants of these enrollment decisions are crucially important to the yield of qualified students from the number admitted to colleges and universities. This paper specifies an empirical model of the enrollment decision for students admitted both to Rutgers University and to at least one alternate college. Our estimates of the parameters of the model with a binary choice multiple regression equation show that students base their enrollment decision on the relative quality of the schools, their own abilities and family resources, and the net costs of the schools. The results are relevant to university tuition and financial aid policies. The general methodology is replicable by other institutions seeking information on the determinants of the enrollment decision. 相似文献
8.
Daniel R. Jones-White Peter M. Radcliffe Linda M. Lorenz Krista M. Soria 《Research in higher education》2014,55(4):329-350
While the literature on postsecondary student success identifies important academic and social factors associated with student outcomes, one question that persists concerns the influence of financial aid. We use the National Student Clearinghouse’s StudentTracker service to develop a more complete model of student success that accommodates opportunities for students to choose to either graduate from the university of first-entry, graduate from a transfer university, or depart from college without a degree. The multinomial regression model reveals differential effects of financial aid. Results suggest that loan aid appears to encourage students to search out alternative institutions or drop out of college entirely, and merit aid appears to increase the likelihood of students persisting and graduating from the university of first-entry. 相似文献
9.
《Journal of Marketing for HIGHER EDUCATION》2013,23(1):37-46
Colleges and universities nationwide are facing declining enrollment resulting in declining revenue. Fewer 18-24 year olds, rising college costs and decreasing financial aid are causing admissions officers to become more agressive in their recruitment process. Well-targeted direct marketing campaigns personally designed to meet individual students' needs will allow college admissions personnel to effectively communciate with prospective students and parents. Utilizing the services of a service bureau provides colleges and universities a means to gain expertise in direct marketing areas and keep the costs under control at the same time. 相似文献
10.
This paper examines the effect of policies that increase tuition at public four-year colleges while returning a substantial portion of the revenue to economically disadvantaged students in the form of increased financial aid awards. Such “redistributive fee increases” are demonstrated to have potentially important effects on the distribution of students choosing to attend in-state public four-year colleges. Specifically, if in-state public four-year net attendance costs increase by themselves high-test students are far more likely than low-test students to choose alternative paths while if the net attendance costs of alternative paths also increase Black and Hispanic students are most likely to choose alternative paths. 相似文献
11.
The relationship between key state policy variables — (1) relative (private–public) tuition prices, (2) state student-aid funding, and (3) public institution density — and the competitive position of private colleges and universities is examined. Elite private schools are found to be nearly impervious to state policy. Large and moderately selective private institutions are adversely affected by public institution density and low public prices. Such prices divert students who would otherwise prefer these private institutions to similar public schools. State student aid funding most affects the enrollment market shares of the small, low-selectivity private colleges enrolling the greatest proportions of minority and modest-income students. The findings suggest state policies in this era of strong demand for higher education and constrained public sector capacity should use price signals (student aid and public institution pricing) to encourage students to consider seriously whether private higher education might serve their needs as well as or better than public institutions. 相似文献
12.
Merit-based financial aid awards have become increasingly prevalent in the pricing policies of higher education institutions. This study utilizes an experiment to estimate the efficacy of merit-aid awards in achieving the institutional objective of attracting the most academically desirable applicants. I find that merit aid has a statistically significant but inelastic effect on enrollment of extremely high ability students. Additionally, the setting of this paper allows for a test of whether students respond to the framing of price in making enrollment decisions (i.e. price illusion), holding net price constant. There is weak evidence in support of price illusion among this set of students. 相似文献
13.
HOPE for community college students: The impact of merit aid on persistence,graduation, and earnings
Community colleges play a major role in postsecondary education, yet previous research has emphasized the impact of merit aid on four-year students rather than two-year students. Furthermore, researchers have focused on the impact of merit aid on enrollment and outcomes during college, but to my knowledge, none have yet considered the impact of aid on earnings after college. This paper utilizes discontinuities in eligibility criteria for a large merit scholarship to examine the local impact of aid on student outcomes both during college and after college. The findings suggest that reducing the cost of community college does not impact persistence, academic performance, degree completion, expected earnings, or short-term earnings after college for marginally eligible students. 相似文献
14.
Price response in enrollment decisions: An analysis of the High School and Beyond Sophomore cohort 总被引：1，自引：6，他引：1
Edward P. St. John 《Research in higher education》1990,31(2):161-176
Most research on student price response was conducted on students who entered college before the Pell Grant program was implemented in fall 1973. This study uses the High School and Beyond Sophomore cohort, the High School Class of 1982, to analyze the effects of the amount of tuition charged and aid offered on student enrollment decisions. The findings include (1) all forms of financial aid—grants, work, and loans—were effective in promoting enrollment; (2) one hundred dollars of aid (any type) had a stronger influence on enrollment than a one-hundred-dollar reduction in tuition; (3) low-income students were more responsive to increases in grant aid than to increases in loans or work study; and (4) high-income students were not responsive to changes in aid amounts. 相似文献
15.
Carrie B. Myers Doreen E. Brown D. Michael Pavel 《Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk》2013,18(4):299-321
The purpose of this study was to assess how a comprehensive precollege intervention and developmental program among low-income high school students contributed to college enrollment outcomes measured in 2006. Our focus was on the Fifth Cohort of the Washington State Achievers (WSA) Program, which provides financial, academic, and college preparation support to 500 high school students who come from the lowest 35% of Washington state income levels. One important feature of the WSA Program is that it provided funding for complete high school curriculum reform among 16 Washington high schools that have a high prevalence of low-income students. The data set contained three groups of students from these 16 high schools: Funded Achievers who were part of the WSA Program and received funding for college; Nonfunded Achievers who were part of the WSA Program and but did not receive funding for college; and Nonrecipients who were neither part of the WSA Program nor received funding for college. Results from generalized multinomial logistic models found two trends (a) early and continuous financial support for college along with being active in the WSA Program nearly guarantees enrollment in college and increases enrollment in 4-year and highly selective colleges; and (b) even in the absence of financial support for college there are still quantifiable and positive effects on college-going for just participating in the WSA Program and receiving its abundant nonfinancial resources and support. These results persist even with strong controls for selection, background, academic, financial, aspiration, and school-level variables. 相似文献
16.
When calculating financial need, the FAFSA does not consider the parental income of students who turn 24 years old. This paper uses the student's quarter of birth interacted with the treated cohort to instrument for financial need. Using the interaction mitigates many of the concerns regarding quarter of birth instruments. A dollar increase in financial need is associated with 15 cents in federal grants and 47 cents in loans. However, the relationship between financial need and institutional aid is, on average, small and statistically insignificant. The exception is that institutions with large endowments do allocate more aid to more-needy students. 相似文献
17.
大学生就业成本的实证研究 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
伴随着高校扩招,大学毕业生的就业形势更加严峻,就业过程中发生的大学生就业成本引起了社会的关注。通过实证研究发现,学校付出的努力对学生就业有显著影响,学生付出的费用对找到工作的起薪有显著影响,两者之间存在替代关系。因此,应该加大学校就业指导和就业服务的力度,重点在专科院校、高职院校和一般本科院校提升就业指导机构,以利于提高就业率。 相似文献
18.
目前我国高等学校已经建立起＂奖、贷、助、补、免＂及绿色通道等多种形式有机结合的经济困难学生资助政策体系,缓解了一些贫困生的经济压力,增强了他们对学习生活的信心与勇气。然而在实施中也出现了一些不和谐现象,如平均主义、假冒贫困、新贫富差距、等靠要思想等。针对这些问题,建议采取细化量化考评指标体系;建立健全监督举报机制;加大奖励品学兼优贫困生;强化诚信道德教育;扩大有偿资助面等措施。 相似文献
19.
美国州立助学政策有三个目标取向：基于需要的助学计划的目标取向是确保低收入家庭学生的入学机会;基于选择的助学计划的目标取向是保证自由选择入读院校的类型;基于成绩的助学计划的目标取向是奖励和激励卓越.三种模式各有其优点和缺点. 相似文献
20.
In an attempt to increase applications from low-income students, some selective 4-year colleges are developing programs to target and attract low-income students. However, relatively little research has looked at factors important in the college application process, and in particular, how these factors differ for low-income students. This paper uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) to analyze factors influencing students’ college application decisions, with a focus on the decision to apply to a selective 4-year college. We hypothesize that distance from a student's home to selective colleges may play a role in the application decision and differentially impact low-income students. Our results suggest that distance does matter, although the effects do not vary by family income level. 相似文献