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1.
对体院15名男生不同短段落重复跑后的血乳酸含量变化进行比较研究,结果发现血乳酸值在随着跑距的延长而逐渐升高的过程中,存在着一个急剧升高的阶段。在本实验中,该段发生在大约45m~60m段落之间。45m和30m重复跑后的血乳酸值没有显著差异(P〉0.05),60m和80m重复跑后的血乳酸值亦无显著差异,但后者的血乳酸值与前者相比,差异非常显著(P〈0.01)。选择血乳酸急剧升高之前的段落进行大强度的重复跑,主要发展磷酸原系统的供能能力,对速度素质的发展更为有效;选择血乳酸值急剧升高之后的段落进行重复跑,主要发展糖酵解系统的供能能力。经过6周的教学对比实验,证明根据不同段落重复跑后的血乳酸变化特征,选择发展速度素质的适宜跑距方法是可行的  相似文献   

2.
根据 400m 跑的能量供应形式和少年儿童运动生理特点,选择 200m 为突破性主训练手段,建立目标控制训练模型,对儿童400m 跑的速度耐力训练进行了分析探讨,结果表明目标控制的量化训练是可行的、有效的。  相似文献   

3.
本文用正交试验设计方法,对1000m跑教学、训练手段进行探讨,寻求提高1000m跑教学、训练水平的最佳方案。  相似文献   

4.
对11- 12 岁少年女子 100m 跑分段成绩与步频、步幅的相互关系进行分析,探讨 100m 跑速度节奏的结构特征,提出速度训练优先考虑发展步幅的建议。  相似文献   

5.
木文对100m跑运动的实力格局、运动水平的发展、运动员的形态和技术以及训练等特点进行了研究。提出了改变我国100m跑运动现状的对策。  相似文献   

6.
卢毅1998 年获广西少年田径赛100m 和 200m 跑第一名,全国少年田径分龄赛乐山赛区15 岁组 100m 第一名。介绍卢毅的身体条件,初期训练指导思想,训练特点,得出结论:短跑训练要抓住技术本质,打好技术基础,建立以髋为轴的短跑技术。  相似文献   

7.
在400m跑这一径赛项目中,发展速度与发展速度耐力是提高该项目成绩的两大关键,也是从事400m跑训练的教练员的热门话题。笔者以多年从事该项目训练的实践,从生理学角度上对发展速度耐力这一问题进行分析,引入了采用乳酸强度训练这一概念,旨在与同行们共同探讨。  相似文献   

8.
我国少年男子柔道选手身体素质状况调查与分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
运用方差分析、差异性检验及相关分析的方法对1994年全国少年男子柔道锦标赛的素质测试成绩进行分析。结论:我国少年男子柔道选手60~78公斤级素质成绩在8个级别中是最好的;影响柔道成绩的主要因素、指标依次为立定跳远、四项全能、引体向上、100米跑;在素质训练中应以上述主要素质指标为主,但也不能忽视1500米跑的耐力训练。  相似文献   

9.
影响少年女子短跑运动员100m跑成绩的诸因素之量化分析   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
对影响少年女子短跑运动员100m跑成绩的诸因素作了详细的分析,明确了各因素对100m跑成绩的诸因素作了详细的分析,明确了各因素对100m跑成绩的影响程度,其中起主导作用的是绝对速度。平时训练中应以速度为中心,全面发展少年女子短跑运动员的身体素质与专项素质。  相似文献   

10.
1 根据 40 0m跑的特点进行训练4 0 0m跑是一项刺激性和对抗性很强的短距离项目 ,是一项融速度、速度耐力、力量耐力紧密结合的运动项目 ,对运动员的生理、心理、身体素质、技战术都有较高的要求。1 1 “速度是灵魂”的观点不可动摇现今 4 0 0m跑运动成绩不断进步和提高证明 ,运动员速度素质的优劣 ,将直接影响和制约其 4 0 0m跑成绩的提高。速度差是运动员达到高水平 ,提高成绩的第一障碍。这就要求我们在训练指导思想上、在训练手段安排上 ,应将速度摆在重要和突出的位置上 ,将速度的训练贯穿整个训练工作始终。既要抓突出的速度 ,又要抓高质量的平均速度 ,两者不可偏废。如果赛前才考虑到速度训练 ,那么已为时过晚。1 2 高度重视专项技术节奏训练良好的速度素质为创造高水平运动成绩提供了可能的条件 ,而合理的体力分配 ,恰到好处地利用速度储备 ,才是出成绩的关键。有资料表明 ,4 0 0m前程分段时间过快或过慢都会对 4 0 0m成绩产生负面影响。所以教练员在安排专项训练时 ,应高度重视运动员技术节奏训练 ,使之在训练和比赛中都能按既定的技术节奏跑动 ,而不应受对手或其它外界环境的干扰而破坏自身节奏。但运动员...  相似文献   

11.
This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.  相似文献   

12.
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.  相似文献   

13.
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果:(1)近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;(2)城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;(3)乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;(4)城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。  相似文献   

14.
采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明:定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.  相似文献   

15.
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.  相似文献   

16.
采用专门研制的摔跤测力装置,对过胸摔、挟颈背、拉臂转移和滚桥技术动作开始发力的力学特征进行测试分析,结果表明,上述动作开始的发力具有力值大和力的梯度大的特点,均有爆发用力的特征。其中过胸摔和滚桥主要把位发力最大,其总合力和力的梯度也最大。  相似文献   

17.
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。  相似文献   

18.
我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
孙辉 《体育科学》2004,24(2):6-8
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究,提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点,提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。  相似文献   

19.
我国体育市场管理法规研究   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。  相似文献   

20.
重新认识体育的社会关联   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论,体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关,体育与教育部分重叠,体育与宗教最为近缘,体育可借用科学手段,体育的艺术禀性日益明显,体育与养生反映着两种人生观。  相似文献   

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