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Jennifer Clark 《Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education》2017,53(5):623-639
AbstractThis paper examines prime minister Robert Menzies decision to support science education in Australian schools in 1963. This was a landmark shift in policy for the federal government, but in many ways mirrors the decision of Eisenhower who brought down the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) in 1958. The paper uses a transnational approach to offer a new way of looking at the 1963 decision by focusing on the need for science education and the environment which supported science advocacy rather than the traditional interpretation of political expediency to court the Catholic vote. 相似文献
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E. J. Chuta 《Higher Education》1992,23(4):443-449
The Nigerian Students Loans Board was first established in 1972, and between 1973 and 1991 it provided loans totalling 46 million Naira, to help Nigerian students finance undergraduate or postgraduate study in Nigeria or abroad. There have been severe problems, however, and the rate of recovery of loan repayments has been very disappointing. This article describes the operation of the student loan programme in Nigeria and its past problems, outlines the current attempts of the Nigerian Students Loans Board to improve the efficiency of loan collection and proposes the establishment of a new Education Bank to finance student loans and other forms of investment in higher education. 相似文献
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Although many strategies are proposed to reduce the opportunity gap in higher education between and within countries, student loans with cost recovery measures are often preferred during times of fiscal constraint. This study briefly reviews the benefits and challenges of student loans over other forms of financial aid and presents the case for voluntary sector involvement in contexts where government and market failures constrain effective solutions. It describes an innovative program that has emerged to meet this challenge—the Perpetual Education Fund. This program utilizes public–private partnerships, a large financial corpus, pre-existing administrative structures, personal relationships, local vocational schooling, and intergroup solidarity to administer loans and recover costs. Because voluntary sector participation in loan financing and administration is relatively new, the experiences and innovative survival strategies of this program have valuable implications for other emerging programs. 相似文献
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Can relevant information influence student borrowing? In a field experiment with a large community college, we send emails about federal student loans to students who have received financial aid offers but have not made a borrowing decision. A treatment reminding students that they need not borrow the maximum amount of available loan aid has no effect. Treatments referencing amounts borrowed by recent graduates shift students from borrowing the maximum amount to not borrowing. Consistent with the hypothesis that students experience cognitive overload when presented with multiple loan amounts, the response is largest among low-performing students and arises from inaction. 相似文献
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国家助学贷款对高等教育个人收益率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
人力资本理论认为教育是一项能给个人带来收益的投资。借助学生贷款完成高等教育将改变个人的教育成本和收益,并影响借贷者的高等教育个人收益率。本文研究国家助学贷款政策对高等教育个人收益率的影响程度,以及不同的还款方案对高等教育个人收益率作用的大小。 相似文献
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Maureen Woodhall 《Higher Education》1992,23(4):347-356
Student loan schemes now exist in more than fifty countries, but many are not working well and critics question whether student loans are feasible in developing countries. This special issue of Higher Education compares experience of student loans and other forms of student support in selected Asian and African countries and examines the prospects for reform of student loan programmes in order to improve their effectiveness and reduce default. This introduction to the volume describes current research on student loans by the International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) and the World Bank, and draws on the conclusions of a series of Educational Forums on student loans organised by IIEP, to conclude that student loans are feasible, and can promote wider cost-sharing and help to generate additional resources for higher education, but only if loan programmes are well designed and efficiently managed. The purpose of this introduciton and the subsequent articles in the special issue is to suggest some ways of improving performance of student loans in developing countries, drawing on lessons from experience in Asia and English-speaking Africa. 相似文献
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美国全国教育协会是美国最具影响力的教育社团之一,中外学界曾对其给予一定的关注。就已有的研究成果来看,国内学者尚未深究全国教育协会与重大联邦教育立法《国防教育法》之间的关系。通过梳理《国防教育法》的出台过程以及全国教育协会争取联邦资助教育的历程,可以发现,全国教育协会将《国防教育法》的通过视为实现自身诉求的"垫脚石"。对于协会而言,1958年《国防教育法》的通过是一次"复杂的胜利"。法案背后承载的是全国教育协会与政策制定者的对弈。 相似文献
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《大学成本降低与机会法》和美国学生资助体系的重大改革 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
最近美国通过了《大学成本降低与机会法》,该法的通过反映了美国大学成本上涨,学生和家长负担加重的现实,同时也与最近发生的学生贷款丑闻和政治因素有一定关系。该法提高了佩尔助学金的最高额度,降低了联邦补贴学生贷款的利率,增加了基于收入的贷款偿还项目和公共服务雇员贷款豁免项目等新的制度。相关创新做法对我国当前的学生资助体系建设有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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This empirical study examined postsecondary-student attitudes and preferences regarding five discrete student loan plans and loan plan features. Certain demographic variables were examined for their relationship to student attitudes toward the various loan plans. The study addressed the following questions: What debt ceiling do students identify as acceptable? Are students willing to indebt themselves over an extended time span? What percent of annual income do they feel reasonably can be applied to loan repayment? Will students alter their repayment plan choices given additional and more detailed information about loan options? A random sample of 218 recipients of federal higher education loans during the 1973–74 academic year was drawn from the population of 6,765 undergraduate borrowers at the University Park Campus of the Pennsylvania State University. 相似文献
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美国是世界上助学贷款的最大提供者。在学生财政援助方面,美国拥有丰富的经验。高达4 600亿美元的学生贷款市场和长达数十年的学生贷款历史,使美国通过借贷帮助学生支付学费的政策日趋专业化。对于正在扩大学生助学贷款体系的中国来说,可以从当今美国学生助学贷款方案改革中获得启示。其一,应尽力在资助活动之初设计一个独特完善的贷款体系管理方案,以避免日后的不断简化和调整;其二,尽量限制中介的参与以减少贷款成本及贷款发放过程的行政程序;其三,通过政府债券来寻求与金融市场的平衡;其四,要不断完善学生信息渠道,提高学生贷款信息获取度;其五,要努力对助学贷款方案改革所引起的不可知后果进行预测。 相似文献
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Gwendolyn L. Lewis 《Research in higher education》1989,30(6):547-561
This article describes the aggregate financing of student aid by the federal government, state governments, and institutions over the past 25 years. The major trends in student aid funding are sketched in historical perspective with attention directed to federal program changes that precipitated funding changes. All major programs are covered, and figures are presented in current and constant dollars. Trends in the composition of aid delivered (grants, loans, and work-study) are also discussed. Over time comparisons in the numbers of recipients and aid per recipient are given by programs. Changes in educational costs are compared with changes in income and aid to show the increased difficulty for families and students to pay for higher education in the 1980s. 相似文献
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《1997年纳税人救助法》是美国联邦政府继1944年《军人权利法案》实施以来最大的一次联邦资助活动,历史意义十分重大。《1997年纳税人救助法》主要包括了“希望奖学金”课税扣除、“终身学习”课税扣除、教育储蓄计划、贷学金利息扣除等内容;带来的主要影响是贫困学生无法获益,中等收入家庭的学生成为主要的受益群体。本文还思考了该项政策出台的原因以及它是否违背了资助的本义等问题。 相似文献
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Michael S. Kofoed 《Research in higher education》2017,58(1):1-39
In the United States, college students must complete the Free Application for Student Federal Aid (FAFSA) to access federal aid. However, many eligible students do not apply and consequently forgo significant amounts of financial aid. If students have perfect information about aid eligibility, we would expect that all eligible students complete FAFSA and no aid would go unclaimed. Using data from the National Postsecondary Student Aid Survey, I estimate a multinomial logit model which controls for all variables that contribute to aid eligibility and other student characteristics that may deter FAFSA completion. I find that students who are lower middle income, white, male and independent from parents are less likely to complete FAFSA even when they are eligible for aid. Using propensity score matching, I find that each year applicants forgo $9,741.05 in total aid (including grant and loan aid) which includes $1,281.00 of Pell Grants, $2,439.50 of the balance subsidized student loans, $1,986.65 of the balance of unsubsidized student loans, and $1,016.04 of institutional grants. These aid totals aggregate to $24 billion annually. 相似文献
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美国已建立起较为完善的研究生贷款体系,贷款已成为研究生最主要资助方式之一。研究生贷款具有资助对象范围广、资助额度高、资助重点向女性和少数民族弱势群体倾斜、资助力度与学科专业相适应等特点。研究生贷款政策面临的主要风险包括研究生债务负担剧增,学习方式和学位完成率受到影响以及还款拖欠率上升等。美国的经验表明,制定专门的贷款政策、合理运用贷款工具以及完善贷款回收保障措施有助于这一政策的良性发展。 相似文献
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2003年12月澳大利亚议会通过了《2003 年高等教育支持法案》。针对高等院校提出了联邦拨款计划、其他拨款和联邦奖学金拨款三种拨款形式,对学生应承担费用的贷款制度和全额付费学生的贷款制度进行了改革。《法案》力图通过改革经费资助制度来促进整个高等教育系统合理发展,促进高等教育的多样化,并保障不同经济背景的学生接受高等教育。《法案》还试图通过拨款使联邦政府对高等教育的管理在自由与调控之间取得一种平衡。 相似文献
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2008年,澳大利亚出台了<高等教育支持法案>修订版,该修订版进行了高等教育拨款援助和学生贷款等制度的改革,增加了弱势群体的入学机会,促进了教育公平,对我国高等教育经费制度的改革具有借鉴意义. 相似文献
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G. Shantakumar 《Higher Education》1992,23(4):405-424
The higher education system of Singapore is seen as crucial for the economic prosperity of the country. It is highly elitist, with fierce competition for limited places, and high private returns. In 1989 the Government announced a policy of reducing subsidies for higher education, in order to reduce the financial burden on the tax-payer, increase expenditure on other levels of education and achieve a more equitable distribution of costs. Tuition fees were increased sharply and a new student loan scheme, the Tuition Loan Scheme (TLS), was introduced. There are in addition two other loan schemes in Singapore, the Student Loan Fund (SLF), and the Central Provident Fund (CPF) Approved Education Scheme, under which parents may borrow from their CPF savings in order to finance their children's higher education, but must repay the loan. This article examines the arguments for and against student loans in Singapore, and concludes that the conditions necessary for a successful loan scheme are already in place: full employment, high private returns to higher education, and an efficient banking system and financial infrastructure. In the light of those conditions student loans seem to be an efficient and equitable form of finance for higher education in Singapore.Views do not implicate The National University of Singapore or The International Institute for Population Sciences. I am thankful to Mr Geoffrey Lau, Planning Services Unit, National University of Singapore for some suggestions and assistance. The usual disclaimers are relevant. 相似文献
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Robert O. Riggs Karen F. Goodwin 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(8):729-739
The Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the U.S. Senate began a series of hearings in 1990 that uncovered an alarming pattern of waste, fraud, and abuse in the Title IV federal student aid programs. To create a stronger and more coordinated evaluation of institutions desiring to participate in these programs, Congress enacted the new Program Integrity Triad, which significantly increases the gatekeep‐ing functions of each member of the triad and establishes a specific set of responsibilities for accrediting agencies, the states, and the Secretary of Education. Under this program, states are directed to set up agencies known as State Postsecondary Review Entities (SPRE) to assist the U.S. Department of Education in reviewing institutions of higher education referred by the Secretary to determine continued participation in federal financial aid programs. The diverse ways in which students use community colleges will make it difficult, at best, to apply the quantifiable standards for withdrawal, graduation, and placement rates established by the SPRE program. The result could have serious implications for community colleges and their continued participation in Title IV federal student aid programs. 相似文献