共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 421 毫秒
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措美县畜牧业资源丰富,养殖传统久远,养殖集中区草原辽阔、水源丰富。然而随着畜牧养殖量的增加,县域内草原承载能力面临巨大压力,牲畜疫病发生率逐年攀升,牧民畜牧养殖风险增大。文章对措美县畜牧养殖业现状进行分析,找出当前我县畜牧业存在的主要问题,并针对问题提出发展对策。 相似文献
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"智慧城市"是当前全球的一个热点话题,尤其是全球经历了2008年的金融危机之后,各地政府、企业为了能在"智慧城市"战略中领先一步,都开始采取一系列措施。在当前对建设"智慧城市"的研究中,各国对其所持的态度基本上是积极乐观的。在分析我国"智慧城市"建设现状的基础上,本文主要探讨了建设"智慧城市"所面临的瓶颈,并提出了相应的对策。 相似文献
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抗生素除了大量用于人类疾病的治疗外,还作为饲料添加剂被广泛应用于动物养殖业。微生物的抗生素耐药性就是指微生物能够在抗生素存在的情况下生长和繁殖。抗生素耐药性是环境微生物固有的,即所谓的内在抗性,但是人类大量使用抗生素带来的抗生素抗性基因的扩散和传播普遍存在,且已开始威胁到全球人群的健康。微生物对抗生素的抗性主要有3个机制:(1)抗生素的外排;(2)抗生素的降解或修饰;(3)抗生素作用位点的保护。大量研究表明,抗生素的使用和抗生素抗性的蔓延呈现良好的相关性,而且环境微生物的抗性可以通过基因横向转移向人类致病菌扩散,最终可能导致超级细菌的爆发,直接影响人类健康。为了应对全球性的抗生素抗性问题,必须加强:(1)全球抗生素使用和环境排放的监管政策和管理体系;(2)建立快速和透明的抗生素耐药性监测体系,使其涵盖医院、养殖业、污水处理厂等;(3)建立抗生素药物创新基金,通过政府和企业的联合,加快新型药物的研制;同时加强知识产权保护,使新药创制走上可持续之路;(4)加强抗生素耐药性相关的基础与应用研究,包括耐药性发生和传播的生态学机制,消除和缓解耐药性发生和传播的环境技术及其系统解决方案等,包括改进污水处理厂的处理工艺,削减出水中抗性基因和抗性菌的比例;(5)加强抗生素耐药性的科普宣传,提高全社会对耐药性的认知能力,从而在源头上有效控制抗生素在农业和医疗方面的滥用及其环境污染。 相似文献
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本文是对如何发展健康养殖业的详细论证.主要阐述了动物疫病对畜牧业发展的强大威胁,分析了西藏地区畜牧业发展现状,结合本地动物疫病史和实际情况,以及笔者多年的工作经验,针对养殖业的健康发展,制定出了实质性的可行措施. 相似文献
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养殖业集约规模化与新型工业化 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文重点分析了我国畜牧业目前主要依靠农户分散饲养带来的人畜混居、畜禽混杂、交叉感染、疫病难控等现状问题，预测了今后随着农村工业化的发展对畜牧业和畜产品的要求，提出了我国养殖业集约化规模化发展的必然趋势和应采取的有效措施及对策。 相似文献
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金融危机风暴式地席卷全球,我国经济面临着转型升级的巨大压力和严峻挑战,传统行业在国际国内激烈竞争压力下开始转型。职业教育要抓住这次金融危机的有利时机,发现机遇,赢得机遇,把经济的"冬天"转变为职业教育发展的"春天"。 相似文献
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BackgroundIt has been a very common practice to use probiotics or their metabolites as alternative antimicrobial strategies for the treatment and prevention of infections as rampant and indiscriminate use of antibiotics causes the development of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The objective of this study was to select a potential antimicrobial probiotic strain of Escherichia coli from the human gastrointestinal tract and investigate the production of diketopiperazines that contribute to the antimicrobial activity.ResultsE. coli GutM4 was isolated from the feces of a healthy adult. E. coli GutM4 showed significant antagonistic activity against 10 indicator pathogens, and this activity was no less than that of the reference strain E. coli Nissle 1917 against eight of the indicator pathogens. Moreover, E. coli GutM4 produced antagonistic substances containing trypsin-targeted peptide bonds because the inhibitory effects of E. coli GutM4 supernatant significantly decreased upon treatment with trypsin. Consistent with the antagonistic activity and peptide compounds of E. coli GutM4, 14 2,5-diketopiperazines were isolated from the fermented broth of E. coli GutM4, including 12 cyclo(Pro-Phe), 3 cyclo(Pro-Tyr), and 5 cyclo(4-hydroxyl-Pro-Leu), which are reported to have antipathogenic activity.ConclusionE. coli GutM4 produces 2,5-diketopiperazines that are partly involved in antagonistic action against human pathogens in vitro. 相似文献
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Josie Coburn Frederique Bone Michael M. Hopkins Andy Stirling Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz Stathis Arapostathis Martin J. Llewelyn 《Research Policy》2021,50(4):104140
This article provides prospective appraisal of key policy instruments intended to stimulate innovation to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR refers to the ability of microbes to evolve resistance to those treatments designed to kill them, and is associated with the overuse or misuse of medicines such as antibiotics. AMR is an emerging global challenge with major implications for healthcare and society as a whole. Diagnostic tests for infectious diseases can guide decision making when prescribing medicines, so reducing inappropriate drug use. In the context of growing international interest in policies to stimulate innovation in AMR diagnostics, this study uses multicriteria mapping (MCM) to appraise a range of policy instruments in order to understand their potential performance while also highlighting the uncertainties that stakeholders hold about such interventions in complex contexts. A contribution of the article is the demonstration of a novel method to analyse and visualise MCM data in order to reveal stakeholder inclinations towards particular options while exploring interviewees’ uncertainties about the effectiveness of each instrument's design or implementation. The article reports results from six European countries (Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK). The findings reveal which policy instruments are deemed most likely to perform well, and why, across stakeholder groups and national settings, with areas of common ground and difference being identified. Importantly, the conclusions presented here differ from prominent policy discourse, with international implications for the design of mixes of policy instruments to combat AMR. Strategic and practical methodological implications also emerge for general appraisal of innovation policy instrument mixes. 相似文献
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Ceccatti JS 《Endeavour》2004,28(1):14-19
Throughout the 20th century, scientists developed a variety of chemical compounds to kill insects and other menaces of agriculture and public health. Yet, in many cases, the target insects outmaneuvered the scientists by developing resistance to insecticides--in much the same way as some bacteria can tolerate antibiotics. Insecticide resistance research has involved scientists from a range of disciplines and a variety of institutional contexts that have often guided research strategy. For example, entomologists working at agricultural stations and universities concentrated on insect physiology and evolutionary genetics, while industrial chemists continued the development of novel compounds capable of killing resistant pests. Collaboration between the two groups beginning in the 1940s did not provide a solution to the resistance, but did lead to a strategic shift from pest control to pest management that continues to the present. 相似文献
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对于英语作为第二语言的中国学生来说,与母语是英语的外国人交流的机会十分有限。作为一名大学英语教师,如何通过学习策略来提高他们的英语学习能力和成绩就显得十分紧迫了。本文通过相关的调查研究指出了元认知策略的总体使用频率,并认为作为教师,要将元认知策略融入教学之中,使学生明确监控和评估自己学习的重要性,让学生形成使用元认知策略的意识和习惯,这对于任何学习都是十分重要的。 相似文献
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《Electronic Journal of Biotechnology》2014,17(3):126-131
BackgroundEnteric red mouth disease and Saprolegniasis, which are caused by the bacteria Yersinia ruckeri and the oomycete Saprolegnia parasitica, respectively, are important illnesses that affect salmonid farming. Sanitary problems in farms are addressed by the prevention of disease outbreaks or by the treatment of diseases with chemicals. Environmental and governmental restrictions, toxicity and high treatment costs limit the use of drugs. Marine organisms, such as algae, sponges and corals, have developed an antimicrobial defense strategy based on the production of bioactive metabolites. Among these organisms, seaweeds offer a particularly rich source of potential new drugs. Hence, many pharmacologically active substances have been isolated from seaweeds. In the Ceramium genus, Ceramium rubrum has been emphasized by several authors for its antimicrobial properties. Based on this background, the present study focused on the antimicrobial activity of a lipophilic extract of C. rubrum on Y. ruckeri and S. parasitica.ResultsThe alga, collected from the Pacific coast of Chile, underwent an ethanol extraction, and the concentrated extract was partitioned between water and dichloromethane. From the dichloromethane extract, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, one hydrocarbon and phytol were identified by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The antimicrobial study showed that the whole extract was more active than the individual components, which suggests a strong synergistic effect among the components.ConclusionsThese results may constitute a basis for promising future applied research that could investigate the use of C. rubrum seaweed as a source of antimicrobial compounds against fish pathogens. 相似文献
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Malik Ajamaluddin Mohd A. Khan Asad U Khan 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2000,15(2):104-109
R-plasmids that transfer antibiotic resistance are common in the non-pathogenicEscherichia coli of the gastro-intestinal tract of human beings and domestic animals, which inturn may enter into sewage. Therefore we have
isolated 30Escherichia coli isolates from hospital sewage of Aligarh city. These isolates were tested for their resistance and sensitivity against 10
antibiotics. 90% isolates showed resistance against ampicillin and sulphamethizole. Of the total 30E. coli isolates 86.6% were resistant to erythromycin and rifampicin but none of them was resistant to kanamycin and streptomycin.
Plasmids (mol. wt. 16.5 mega daltons) were isolated from five differentE. coli strains which harboured only a single plasmid and were characterized on the basis of antibiogram. Moreover, the transformation
experiments were also performed to confirm the resistant character on the plasmid. We conclude that multiple drug resistance
among most of theE. coli isolates is plasmid borne. 相似文献
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《Electronic Journal of Biotechnology》2014,17(6):280-286
BackgroundThe sea cucumber lysozyme belongs to the family of invertebrate lysozymes and is thought to be a key defense factor in protecting aquaculture animals against bacterial infection. Recently, evidence was found that the sea cucumber lysozyme exerts broad spectrum antimicrobial action in vitro against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and it also has more potent antimicrobial activity independent of its enzymatic activity. To explore the antimicrobial role of this non-enzymatic lysozyme and model its structure to novel antimicrobial peptides, the peptide from the C-terminal amino acid residues 70–146 of the sea cucumber lysozyme in Stichopus japonicus (SjLys-C) was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta(DE3)pLysS.ResultsThe fusion protein system led to over-expression of the soluble and highly stable product, an approximate 26 kDa recombinant SjLys-C protein (rSjLys-C). The present study showed that rSjLys-C displayed strong antimicrobial activity against the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In particular, the heat-treated rSjLys-C exhibited more inhibitive activity than the native rSjLys-C. The structural analysis of SjLys-C showed that it is a typical hydrophilic peptide and contains a helix-loop-helix motif. The modeling of SjLys-C molecular structures at different temperatures revealed that the tertiary structure of SjLys-C at 100°C underwent a conformational change which is favorable for enhancing antimicrobial activity.ConclusionThese results indicate that the expressed rSjLys-C is a highly soluble product and has a strong antimicrobial activity. Therefore, gaining a large quantity of biologically active rSjLys-C will be used for further biochemical and structural studies and provide a potential use in aquaculture and medicine. 相似文献