共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
马晓亮 《中国教育技术装备》2011,(12)
前瞻记忆是对预定事件或行为的记忆.影响前瞻记忆的因素有很多,现今的研究比较集中在记忆任务特点、当前正在从事任务特点、个体状态、延时间隔以及线索特征这些方面. 相似文献
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前瞻记忆领域长期以来忽视了对混合型前瞻记忆的研究。本研究采用混合实验设计,考察任务重要性对混合型前瞻记忆和基于事件前瞻记忆在不同时段的前瞻干扰效应的影响。结果表明,基于事件前瞻记忆的干扰效应在任务重要性上有主效应,混合型前瞻记忆的干扰效应在任务重要性和时段因素上有交互作用。说明任务重要程度没有改变基于事件前瞻记忆的注意资源分配持续性的总体趋势,但对混合型前瞻记忆的不同时段产生不同影响。根据结果,对现有多重加工理论的内容做了补充。 相似文献
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前瞻记忆是指对意向或计划的记忆。研究采用双任务范式,以n-back任务为进行中任务,考察不同认知负荷水平下时间管理倾向对前瞻记忆的影响。结果发现：在中、高认知负荷条件下,积极时间管理倾向者在前瞻记忆中的表现好于消极时间管理倾向者,说明随着认知负荷的增加,需要有效时间管理策略的调控;前瞻记忆在背景任务为1-back、2-back中的加工需要认知资源参与,但在3-back中对认知资源需求不敏感,说明前瞻记忆采用何种加工方式,取决于特定因素,如背景任务的难度等。 相似文献
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目前前瞻记忆已成为记忆研究的一个热点,对于前瞻记忆的影响因素的研究等也深入到众多方面,并且随着PET、ERP、fMRI等技术的运用,人们开始对前瞻记忆的脑机制进行了初步的研究,并确定了某些与前瞻记忆有关的脑区,且对前瞻记忆某些理论模型进行了验征性的研究。这对于前瞻记忆的研究无论是在理论上还是实际的应用上都具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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杜智娟 《湖南科技学院学报》2010,31(11)
前瞻记忆是指对将来预定行为或事件的记忆,该文对近些年来关于前瞻记忆研究的一些新问题,主要包括TAP效应、前瞻记忆的影响因素、儿童前瞻记忆、与回溯记忆的相关研究等做出了简要的说明和评述,最后指出了当前研究中存在的一些问题,并对未来的研究进行了展望. 相似文献
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由于前瞻记忆与自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)人士的社会交流障碍存在较大的关联,近十几年来,研究者对前瞻记忆的能力和特点进行了初步的探索。研究发现,自闭症个体前瞻性记忆中,基于时间和基于事件任务的记忆能力是分离的。这不仅进一步说明自闭症谱系障碍人士的前瞻记忆与其执行功能关系密切,同时,也在一定程度上预示了ASD人士生态性前瞻记忆研究前景,根据ASD人士记忆特点进行现实和模拟相结合的行为干预的可行性。 相似文献
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陈倩 《延安教育学院学报》2011,25(1):63-65
前瞻记忆是记忆研究领域中备受关注的话题,本研究结合以往研究,概述了前瞻记忆的含义和分类、前瞻记忆的影响因素、研究现状以及对前瞻记忆未来研究的展望。 相似文献
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郑田 《浙江教育学院学报》2008,(5):43-48
随着记忆研究向深度和广度发展,前瞻记忆又成为心理学的热点。前瞻记忆是相对于回溯记忆提出的一种特殊的长时记忆,是指记住在将来某个恰当的时间执行先前意向的行为。前瞻记忆的内涵、分类、影响因素,以及前瞻记忆的加工机制和前瞻的老化问题是目前前瞻记忆研究的重点,而前瞻记忆受哪些因素影响以及如何影响是前瞻记忆研究未来的发展方向。 相似文献
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本研究旨在通过探索工作记忆对于未来取向应对、前瞻记忆和未来思考的预测能力,探究未来取向应对同认知活动的关系以及工作记忆的预测机制。91名北京大学本科生及研究生作为被试,结果表明,未来应对取向同工作记忆、前瞻记忆和未来思考之间存在显著相关,同时工作记忆并不能直接预测前瞻记忆和未来思考的表现,而需要通过未来取向应对的中介作用才能够产生影响。这个结果说明对于某些认知能力,工作记忆可能并不是直接作用,而是通过复杂的机制产生作用的。同时也表明,测量认知活动方法的类型可能对结果产生不同的影响。本研究为进一步探究工作记忆的预测能力提供了证据,并为继续探索未来取向应对同时间知觉及工作记忆的关系打下基础。 相似文献
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Barbara Carretti Erika Borella Cesare Cornoldi Rossana De Beni 《Learning and individual differences》2009,19(2):246-251
It is well established that working memory is related to reading comprehension ability. However, its role in explaining specific reading comprehension difficulties is still under debate: the issue mainly concerns whether the contribution of working memory is dependent on task modality (verbal tasks being more predictive than visuo-spatial tasks) and/or on the attentional control implied in working memory tasks (tasks requiring storage/manipulation being more predictive than storage-only tasks, regardless of task modality). Meta-analysis is used here to examine the relevance of several working memory measures in distinguishing between the performance of poor and good comprehenders in relation to the modality of the working memory task, and the involvement of controlled attention required by such a task. Our results demonstrate that memory tasks that are demanding in terms of attentional control and that require verbal information processing are best at distinguishing between poor and good comprehenders, suggesting that both domain-specific factors as well as general factors of working memory contribute to reading comprehension performance. The implications for different models of working memory in relation to reading comprehension are discussed. 相似文献
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This study evaluates the results of a training program for prospective remembering. The goal of the training was to improve prospective memory by associating cues from the retrieval situation with the to be remembered information. The training group consisted of 20 participants, aged between 45 and 81 years. The effects of strategy training were compared with those of an educational training group (N = 23 , age range 45-84) directed at reducing worries about forgetfulness, and a retest control group (N = 22 , age range 46-74). The educational training and retest control groups did not differ in demographic characteristics and test performance and were combined into one control group. Subjective evaluations revealed that subjects were very satisfied with the effects of training. This also was true for subjects in the educational training condition. The objective effects of training were evaluated with a telephone task which had to be performed in the daily life situation, and a prospective categorization task performed in the laboratory. Despite the low reliabilities of the prospective tasks, a significant but small effect of training compared to the combined control group was found on the sum score of prospective tests. The training effect was not related to age or pretraining performance level. At the three months follow-up, however, performance of the control group had increased to the level of the trained group. As expected, training effects did not generalize to other memory measures (assessed with tests for remembering names) or control measures (assessed with visuo-motor reaction time tests). 相似文献
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Given its diverse ecological distribution, zebrafish has great potential for investigations on the effect of habitat characteristics on cognition. Studies were conducted on four wild-caught zebrafish populations to understand the role of native habitat, sex, and body size in determining learning through a novel task associated with a food reward. The habitat variables, namely, the relative abundances of zebrafish and predatory fish and the substrate and vegetation diversity, were quantified during fish sampling. Fish were subjected to a novel task to find a food reward in a maze over successive training trials followed by a test for memory. Performances of subjects were based on time taken to find the food reward and number of mistakes made during trials, and tests for memory. The experiments revealed significant differences in learning rates and memory across populations. Males made significantly fewer mistakes than females only within two populations. No relationship between performance and body size was observed. The differences in learning and memory among wild zebrafish could be due to differences in predation, complexity, and stability of the native habitats. These findings suggest the possible role of multiple interacting factors in determining learning and memory among populations and point to a need for incorporating effects of several factors in future studies. 相似文献
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This study investigated metamemory knowledge related to a professional task and the relationships between metamemory knowledge and memory performance in a simulated professional task, which was a beverage-service job with memory constraints changes. Metamemory knowledge was assessed by interviewing student waiters about hypothetical recall tasks concerning lists of beverages. They then carried out a simulated beverage-service task, including a first paired-associate recall (beverage-customer), then a global recall (order to the bartender), followed by a second paired-associate recall (beverage-customer). Memory constraints were manipulated with table size and perceptive cues. Results revealed that in metamemory knowledge, task-strategy, and strategy were the only variables that were related. Metamemory knowledge produced an effect on all memory performance, whatever the constraints were. The implications of these findings for professional training are discussed in terms of strategy instruction for enhancing professional performance when memory demands change in the work environment. 相似文献
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Metamemory in children with autism 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Five experiments are reported comparing metamemory abilities in children with autism, age- and language-matched mentally retarded children, and language-matched young normal controls. The mean language age of the participants in Experiment 1 was approximately 6 years, in Experiments 2, 3, and 4 approximately 8 years, and in Experiment 5 approximately 9 years. All the children were given one or more false belief tests. Experiment 1 assessed the children's understanding that a task variable (list length) and a person variable (age) will affect their own and others' performances on an immediate auditory-verbal recall task. Experiment 2 assessed the ability to utilize category cues in a picture recall task. Experiments 3 and 4 assessed the ability to verbalize strategies used in a memory span test and in one retrospective and two prospective memory situations. Experiment 5 assessed the children's knowledge and understanding of another person's memory. On the basis of available evidence and theory, we predicted that the children with autism would be impaired on all the metamemory tasks and that impairment would be associated with failure on tests of false belief. Our predictions were not supported. The children with autism were not impaired on any of the metamemory tasks, although they were less likely than controls to make spontaneous use of memory strategies involving other people. Unexpectedly few of the children failed the false belief tasks. These results are discussed in relation to theories concerning primary psychological deficits underlying autism. 相似文献