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社会资本与文化资本视野下的现代学校制度变革 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
社会阶层与教育获得之间存在着密切的联系。由于社会分层、社会流动以及家庭结构的变迁,导致人们之间社会资本与文化资本的差别日益扩大,从而使教育不平等问题愈加凸显。在某种程度上,一个好的学校制度能够降低出身的不平等或者降低家庭背景的重要性,因此,当今学校制度改革的一个重要方面就是弥补人们之间社会资本与文化资本方面的差异,即通过建立“公平教室”、创建“功能共同体”、改革考试制度等,以促进教育平等。 相似文献
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陈海平 《吉林广播电视大学学报》2011,(4):150-151
随着我国经济的高速发展,高等教育的规模迅速扩大,流入劳动力市场的高校毕业生数量急速增加,高校毕业生就业难现象不断加剧,高等教育与就业之间的关系成为社会关注的焦点,解决好大学生的就业问题,是社会、学校和大学生的共同愿望,也是促进国家经济发展、社会稳定的重要战略,更是学校谋求生存和发展的重大课题。本文从就业难的原因着手,提出了高校应该积极改革,提高大学生自身素质,还要加强政府的政策引导和完善就业市场。 相似文献
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徐高明 《南京晓庄学院学报》2006,22(2):70-73
伴随着高等教育活动范围的逐步扩大和功能的更加丰富,高等教育中的市场力量日益彰现。在我国高等教育改革中,市场力量也逐步得到关注和重视,高等教育的市场竞争显示出新的特点与态势。因此,我国高校的品牌化战略也随之应运而生。实施品牌化战略,有助于高校争取更多的办学资源,提供优质的教育产品和服务,提升学校竞争力,提高社会的普遍认同感。 相似文献
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艺术教育是实施美育的关键环节,它关系着学生的健康成长和国民整体素质的提升,具有其他学科无法替代的美育功能。针对当今学校艺术教育存在的突出问题,指出了进一步改革的突破点:改革不完善的艺术评价机制,改变僵化模式下的艺术学习现状,扭转社会对艺术过于狭隘的理解,创设有利于艺术发展的教育环境,以期提高人们对艺术教育的重视,促使美育得到更好的发展。 相似文献
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河北省冀州市职教中心近年来持续发展，办学规模扩大，教学质量提高，学校形象提升，究其原因，主要是走了一条多元化改革之路，多元化改革从宏观到微观渗透到学校的各个层面，使学校焕发出生机和活力。 相似文献
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周稽裘 《职教通讯(江苏技术师范学院学报)》2000,(8):5-6
一、认清形势 ,进一步提高对创业教育的认识１．是国家劳动人事制度和毕业生就业制度改革的迫切需要随着社会主义市场经济的发展 ,社会劳动人事制度改革的不断深化 ,中等职业学校招生就业制度改革也在不断深化 ,包括中等职业学校毕业生在内的劳动力要素逐渐从以往的行政配置转变为市场配置 ,毕业生由原来的统包统配政策改为在国家就业政策指导下通过人才市场双向选择自主择业。在这样的形势下 ,加强创业教育就成为推进中等职业学校毕业生就业制度改革的重要配套措施 ,有助于落实国家有关毕业生就业工作的方针、政策 ,有效地扩大就业面 ,提高… 相似文献
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1996年．荷兰政府对职业教育进行了重大改革,制定了新《成人教育与职业教育法》（Adult and Vocational Education Act）．这次改革的主要特点是下放权力。并对学校进行大规模的合并。此前,各个学校既不能相互兼容．也不与市场联系。改革后,学校进行重新整合,从过去的1000所减少到70所左右．学校更加主动满足劳动力市场的需求．与雇主和公司之间拥有更强的联系, 相似文献
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新形势下深化大学生社会实践活动刍议 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
罗令姣 《安阳师范学院学报》2003,(6):42-43
社会实践活动是大学生思想教育的一种形式．更是高校实施素质教育、促进学生素质拓展的一种有效途径。在建立社会主义市场经济体制、推进高等教育改革的新形势下．大学生社会实践活动需要进一步加强和深化。 相似文献
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Hal A. Lawson 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(3):289-307
The school reform movement is under way. Like previous reform movements, this one has competing constituencies and goals. There is, however, growing consensus among powerful constituencies about the roles of schools in an emergent national agenda. This agenda emphasizes economic and social improvement via school reform. It also prioritizes the relationship among schools, familes, family agencies, and health organizations; it invites changes in schools and their relationships with home environments and cornmunitybased, family, and health agencies. Schools, in varying degrees, are being “reinvented.” The question is not whether physical education will be impacted, but how. After all, reinvented schools imply reinvented subjects and subject-matter relationships, including the relationship between physical education and health education. There are attendant implications for the preparation of teachers and teacher educators. These and other implications invite proactive planning and decision making. 相似文献
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Understanding inclusive STEM high schools as opportunity structures for underrepresented students: Critical components 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sharon J. Lynch Erin Peters Burton Tara Behrend Ann House Michael Ford Nancy Spillane Shari Matray Edmund Han Barbara Means 《科学教学研究杂志》2018,55(5):712-748
Inclusive STEM high schools (ISHSs) can be viewed as opportunity structures for students underrepresented in STEM. By opportunity structures, we mean an education that provides not only access to high quality STEM curriculum and instruction or “opportunity to learn,” but also the capacity to create learning environments where students can build STEM social capital and the dispositions, knowledge, skills, and networks to be successful in STEM college majors and careers. This is a cross‐case analysis of case studies that describe the design and implementation of eight “exemplar” ISHSs. Beginning with 10 hypothesized critical components, we found evidence for all 10, but present in unique patterns of prominence, depending on the school context. Further inductive analysis located an additional four emergent critical components that complete the picture of how these successful ISHSs were able to achieve their goals. Importantly, across schools, four components stood out as foundational: a flexible and autonomous administrative structure; a college‐preparatory, STEM‐focused curriculum for all; well‐prepared STEM teachers and professionalized teaching staffs; and supports for students in underrepresented groups. Although many of the critical components found in the ISHSs are also found in the school reform literature, these schools also had characteristics unique to STEM education. This paper is important in understanding STEM high schools as opportunity structures and as a school reform alternative that can help solve equity and social mobility gaps in STEM. 相似文献
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Teachers participating in curricular reforms, especially reforms based on constructivism, are expected to bring about change in their teaching approach. This is often a difficult, complex and intensive process, and demands a radical reculturing of the classroom. This is also the case for social constructivist reforms in chemistry education, which are based on a context-based approach. Educational change is a social and interactional process, and during this change teachers will engage in negotiations with their students about the reform. These teacher–student negotiations have a profound impact on the succeeding of the reform. This study explores the teacher–student interactions during the reform that shape and alter the context-based chemistry approach. We focused on two teachers, of whom it was found in an earlier study that one of them succeeded in implementing the reform, while the other one struggled. By following them for one school year, in which in-depth qualitative data was collected through various instruments, we developed insights about the teacher–student negotiations that influenced the educational reform. Three themes emerged from the data: “agency of learning,” “vulnerability,” and “care.” The differences that were found between the teachers regarding these themes help explain why and how the reform can become a success and why the reform often fails to change classroom practice. 相似文献
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产权界定:价值规律向导下的市场准则——马克思主义与新制度经济学关于产权理论比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
产权是构成社会经济制度的基础性元素。产权的界定、结构和安排不仅影响着国家资源配置及制度运行的成本和效率,而且也决定着一个国家的社会经济制度的结构和性质。以马克思为代表的产权(所有权)理论与以科斯和诺思为代表的西方新制度学派的产权理论,成为我国研究产权理论的基本范式。作为原初研究路径的马克思经济理论与西方经济学的制度学派,共同对我国当前市场经济的发展和改革产生重要影响。 相似文献
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科学发展观指导下的高考改革,意味着当前社会变迁背景下在效率与效益两大原则之间作出的选择和调整,把改革的思路从一味追求效率转到在保持效率或宁可牺牲部分效率的同时,也要追求或保证社会效益的制度建设上来。这是追求全面发展、协调和可持续发展的科学发展观的理论要求,也是当前社会主义市场经济发展和政治进步的必然要求。 相似文献
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西方国家公立学校民营化研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
教育民营化是近年来西方国家在教育领域中的主要改革趋势。西方国家公立学校民营化的推广有其深厚的理论基础,并且具备多元化的模式类型。用市场方式重建的公立学校制度将提高教育质量与效率,充分满足各种教育需求,但与此同时由于政府部门与市场部门在本质上的差别,公立学校民营化也存在许多限制与问题。 相似文献
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A large number of developing nations are in the process of decentralizing basic education, with the aim of diversifying revenue sources and introducing greater accountability and efficiency. This is especially true in Latin America, where Chile introduced the first significant reform in 1981. This reform kept most of the responsibility for educational finance with the Ministry of Education but transferred the responsibility for delivering services to municipalities and non-profit, private schools. In response to this reform, municipalities increased their finance of public schools, and the supply of subsidized private education increased dramatically. By 1990, enrollment in subsidized private schools represented about one-third of total primary-secondary school enrollments. This paper examines the effects of the reform. Municipal finance, which is closely tied to municipal fiscal capacity, has created inequities in school expenditures even though it represents only 10% of total revenues. Variations in the private school market share across municipalities are principally explained by the ease of market entry, family socioeconomic status, and the relative performance of public and private schools; this model does not offer a satisfactory explanation of the growth in private school enrollments in Chile over time. The effect of the reform on cost-effectiveness is ambiguous. Ministry of Education non-teacher employment declined by over half, while cognitive tests also declined. There is some evidence that the growth in private school enrollments may have improved overall efficiency since private schools are found to be slightly more cost-effective than public schools. 相似文献
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“大学服务社会”与“创新创业教育”是威斯康星思想的核心理念,更是社会实践一流课程的灵魂所在。高校社会实践一流课程应以培养学生综合能力为主,通过社会活动、学科竞赛、实践调研等方式帮助学生加深对专业知识的理解与运用,将“高校—师生—社会”等多方利益紧密结合,构建多元共赢的实践教学新体系。以“中国社会实践”课程改革为例,课程以威斯康星思想为启示,构建出“纵向教学”与“横向教学”相结合的实践教学模式,并对传统的实习鉴定考核模式进行了优化。课程将学科竞赛作为实践教学模式改革的试金石,并将项目策划全面融入实践教学内容,打造出高校社会实践课程新模式。 相似文献
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新公共管理视野下的学校变革 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
BO Cheng-hua 《教育理论与实践》2008,(28)
学校变革与政府改革或公共行政改革关系紧密。20世纪70年代末、80年代初西方国家掀起新公共管理运动,其着力点在于:重新定位政府的角色,提高公共服务效率,顾客导向,解除规制,建立政府、社会、个人之间的合作伙伴关系等。在新公共管理视野下,学校变革的策略主要是:引入市场机制、实施教育分权、实行绩效管理、强化顾客导向 相似文献