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As part of an overall research program to create a set of web-based interactive distance learning modules, an educational needs assessment was conducted. The educational needs assessment is undertaken to collect information via observation and interview as to which knowledge areas are most desirable for incorporation into the interactive distance learning modules. This research is best undertaken with a neutral stance and without any preconceptions or hypotheses as to which knowledge areas are likely to be most useful. The interactive modules were designed to enhance the utilization of telemedicine by health care providers. This paper is a report on the methodology used and the findings of the needs assessment. The educational needs assessment acts as a compass to guide the creation of curricula. In the design of interactive learning, the needs assessment may be an important tool that informs not only the selection of the content, but also the selection of technology and courseware processes. The methodology described herein may be useful as a template for other authors of interactive learning courseware. The results of this study identified four clusters of content to be offered and confirmed the selection of interactive, web-based distance learning as the most appropriate delivery approach. 相似文献
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Margaret L. Potter James E. Ysseldyke Richard R. Regan Bob Algozzine 《Contemporary educational psychology》1983,8(2):146-157
Eligibility and classification decisions have become an integral part of the American educational system, but the process of making these decisions remains poorly understood. Subjects for this investigation of this decision-making process were 223 educational professionals. Each was given referral and assessment information reflecting average performance for a hypothetical student and asked to make decisions about that student. In their decisions, 51% declared the student eligible for special services; 61% indicated the presence of mental retardation, learning disabilities, and/or emotional disturbance. Several subjects indicated eligibility for services, but did not classify, or indicated ineligibility for services, but classified the student. Learning disabilities was the most popular classification. Student characteristics and the subjects' professional roles and knowledge of assessment/ measurement principles affected decisions made; however, greater training and knowledge did not lead to significantly better decisions. It is apparent that more care must be taken by decision makers in the use and interpretation of assessment information. 相似文献
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中、重度智障儿童生活适应能力的生态化教育模式初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中、重度智力落后儿童的生活适应能力,除了受智力影响外,更与环境产生着交互作用。通过环境影响与教育介入,适应能力是可以得到改善与提高的。学校、家庭、社区是智力落后儿童生活的三个主要生态环境。环境生态课程是弱智教育理想的教育模式。本论文以此课程理论为基础,充分开发学校、家庭和社区的潜能,构建学校、家庭和社区相互支持的生态化教育培养模式,提高智力落后儿童的生活适应能力。 相似文献
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Extended lifespans and an increase in community‐based services have created an environment in which it is imperative that educational and service systems focus attention on older people with developmental disabilities. Although the cumulative effects of growing older with a lifelong disability create a unique set of issues and service needs, gerontology courses seldom include content on these elders. An insufficient educational focus translates into a service system inadequately prepared to meet critical individual needs. In this paper we describe an educational model used to prepare students to work with older people who have mental retardation. Students in the course described, part of the Interdisciplinary Leadership Training Program in Aging and Developmental Disabilities at the University of Georgia, are exposed to the ecological perspective as a way to examine various issues related to the aging population with mental retardation. Students explore issues relevant to older individuals with mental retardation and the various contexts in which these individuals function. The six units of the course are: overview of the older population with mental retardation, physiological issues, mental health issues, social support systems, service delivery networks, and legal and ethical concerns. Content from the course model can easily be infused into foundation gerontology courses to expose a greater number of students to the group of older people who have mental retardation. 相似文献
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This article presents baseline information on the educational experiences, needs, and interests of a statewide sample of older adults with mental retardation. Data were collected through an interview with the older person with mental retardation and through a questionnaire sent to a knowledgeable other who was matched to each older adult. Findings are presented on previous educational experiences, current educational opportunities, and educational needs and interests. Results indicate that this group of older persons strongly desires continued opportunity for learning, particularly in academic and independent living areas. Two subgroups within this sample were least likely to have access to instructional opportunities: persons 55 years or older and persons living in community residences with less than 24‐hour care. Access to this instruction would improve the independence and quality of life of both these groups, as it would for the entire sample. Implications of the findings for educators in gerontology, mental retardation, and adult education are discussed. 相似文献
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由于智力落后儿童心理特点的特殊性,在组织和实施心理健康教育的过程中需要基于心理咨询理即:智力落后儿童的心理康复标准的问题:心理咨询适应症的问题;心理健康教育活动的实施方式及心理咨询的技术选用问题;评估工具的问题。目前北京市培智学校可以利用原有资源,逐步开展和完善针对智力落后儿童的心理健康教育活动。 相似文献
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A G Hilliard 《Exceptional children》1992,59(2):168-172
It is imperative that special education enable children with disabilities to achieve at high levels. Problems of equity and pedagogical validity have hindered our efforts thus far, and many children of minority cultures are far overrepresented in classrooms for students with learning disabilities and mild mental retardation. Studies have shown the importance of culturally and linguistically inclusive programs and of heterogenous groupings, as well as more effective diagnostic, remedial, and assessment practices. This article discussed a model and basic principles for such techniques to ensure that the educational outcomes of all children are improved. 相似文献
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Metacognition, Self-Regulation, and Self-Regulated Learning: Research Recommendations 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Dale H. Schunk 《Educational Psychology Review》2008,20(4):463-467
Much research has been conducted on metacognition, self-regulation, and self-regulated learning, but the articles in this
special issue make it clear that we still have many unanswered questions. Recommendations for research include providing clear
definitions of processes, identifying relevant theories, ensuring that assessments clearly reflect processes, linking processes
with academic outcomes, conducting more educational developmental research, and tying processes firmly with instructional
methods. Collectively, these recommendations will enhance our understanding of metacognition, self-regulation, and self-regulated
learning and will lead to solid implications for educational policy and practice. 相似文献
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Metacognition: Theory or chapter heading? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
John G. Borkowski 《Learning and individual differences》1996,8(4):391-402
The four articles in this series are analyzed within the framework of Pintrich's classification system for metacognition, consisting of knowledge states, judgments and monitoring skills, and control processes. This scheme is used to locate the strengths and/or limitations of each article. A developmentally-based model is proposed to help integrate the conceptually diverse components of metacognition; to extend it to additional domains, such as motivation; and to argue for more longitudinal, interactive research in this field. 相似文献
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A problem for educators and the developers of interactive multimedia is the apparent incongruity between the demands of authentic assessment and the deliverables of computer‐based assessment. Lecturers wishing to use interactive multimedia are commonly limited to assessment using multiple choice tests which are easily marked by the computer.
This article describes seven defining characteristics of authentic assessment which have been operationalized in a learning environment employing interactive multimedia. The article describes the multimedia program and its implementation with a class of pre‐service teachers. The implication of these findings for educational practice are that authentic assessment can be used within interactive multimedia learning environments, albeit not totally contained within the software itself. The qualitative study reported here showed that students responded favourably to the elements of authentic assessment; that they had a good understanding of the content of the interactive multimedia program; and that the assessment was corroborated by observation of teaching strategies used by the students in their teaching practice. 相似文献
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For readers interested in metacognition broadly, this review article introduces some of the recent research and theory concerning children's developing understanding of mental states, focusing particularly on attempts to understand individual differences in development. We contend that the conceptual developments investigated by “theory of mind” researchers constitute a foundation for later metacognition. We examine studies that have focused on individual differences in children's developing understanding of mental states, particularly those investigating its antecedents in early social interactions. Implications from theory-of-mind research for an understanding of metacognition are articulated. 相似文献
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学习动机理论及研究综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陶威 《遵义师范学院学报》2012,14(1):76-78
学习动机一直是教育心理学研究的热点和重点,也是学生学习过程中最重要的心理动力机制。学习动机的理论纷繁复杂且解释范围有限,亟需一个能较大范围解释现状的整合理论。近年来,对学习动机的研究呈现出向对动机的能力知觉、自主动机、目标定向以及与元认知结合研究四个方面集中的趋势。 相似文献
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Jackie Dobrovolny 《Distance Education》2006,27(2):155-170
How do adults learn from self‐paced, technology‐based corporate training, which they select based on its relevance to their current employment responsibilities? Specifically, how do adults use the following learning strategies: prior experience, reflection, metacognition, conversations, generative learning strategies, and authentic experiences? Based on a recent dissertation research investigation, the author found that learning starts with, and is sustained by, metacognition which was defined as self‐assessment and self‐correction. While learners using metacognition is by no means a new phenomenon, learners using metacognition significantly more often than other learning strategies has important implications for the design of new generations of online distance instruction. Similarly, that learners frequently use conversations to learn from self‐paced, technology‐based training strongly suggests that dialogs and discussions are important in the design of these new ways of learning. 相似文献
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随班就读和特殊学校是我国特殊儿童的两种主要教育安置形式。究竟哪种安置形式对特殊儿童最适合,以便特殊儿童在合适的教育安置形式下获得最大的发展,我们可以从特殊儿童的不良情绪与学校适应这个视角展开讨论。本文通过比较两种不同教育安置形式下智力落后儿童的焦虑、抑郁情绪与学校适应是否存在水平上的区别,各心理变量之间的相互关系如何,对这一问题进行探讨。 相似文献
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This meta-analytic study estimated the correlations among metacognition, intelligence, and academic performance. Metacognition is higher order cognition and one of the most significant predictors of academic performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which metacognition predicted academic performance when controlling for intelligence. The analysis of 149 samples from 118 articles revealed that, overall, metacognition weakly correlated with both academic performance and intelligence, and that these relationships were moderated by the type of measurement of metacognition. Furthermore, it was found that metacognition predicted academic performance when controlling for intelligence. Our findings indicate the importance of metacognition in educational practice and provide guidance for assessing metacognition in future research. 相似文献
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Metacognitive monitoring and regulation play an essential role in mathematical problem solving. Therefore, it is important for researchers and practitioners to assess students?? metacognition. One proven valid, but time consuming, method to assess metacognition is by using think-aloud protocols. Although valuable, practical drawbacks of this method necessitate a search for more convenient measurement instruments. Less valid methods that are easy to use are self-report questionnaires on metacognitive activities. In an empirical study in grade five (n?=?39), the accuracy of students?? performance judgments and problem visualizations are combined into a new instrument for the assessment of metacognition in word problem solving. The instrument was administered to groups of students. The predictive validity of this instrument in problem solving is compared to a well-known think-aloud measure and a self-report questionnaire. The results first indicate that the questionnaire has no relationship with word problem solving performance, nor the other two instruments. Further analyses show that the new instrument does overlap with the think-aloud measure and both predict problem solving. But, both instruments also have their own unique contribution to predicting word problem solving. The results are discussed and recommendations are made to further complete the practical measurement instrument. 相似文献
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《Structural equation modeling》2013,20(2):257-274
This study investigated the factorial invariance of scores from a 7th-grade state reading assessment across general education students and selected groups of students with disabilities. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the fit of a 2-factor model to each of the 4 groups. In addition to overall fit of this model, 5 levels of constraint, including equal factor loadings, intercepts, error variances, factor variances, and factor covariances, were investigated. Invariance across the factor loadings and intercepts was supported across the groups of students with disabilities and general education students. Invariance for these groups was not supported for the error variances. For the students with mental retardation, the lack of fit of the 2-factor model and the observed score results suggested a mismatch between the difficulty level of this test and the ability level of these students. Although the results generally supported the score comparability of the reading assessment across these groups, further research is needed into the nature of the larger error variances for the student with disabilities groups and into accommodations and modifications for the students with mental retardation. 相似文献
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Margaret Kirkwood 《课程研究杂志》2013,45(4):509-535
This case study examines ideas on a thinking curriculum and learning to learn in the context of secondary education, by exploring one subject area- computing studies- at the Scottish secondary 3/4 (S3/S4) level with 14- to 16-year-olds. The infusion approach used in this project combines direct teaching on problem solving strategies, modeling of solution processes, on-going formative assessment, and developing metacognition through processes of reflection, articulation and exploration. The case study provides an example of how these approaches can be interweaved within a problem-based learning methodology for teaching computer programming at an introductory level. The study demonstrates how an appropriate balance can be struck between content objectives and broader educational goals within an infusion approach, resulting in the achievement of successful learning outcomes. Extending the approach to other subject domains could greatly enhance the connectedness of the secondary curriculum, thus enabling students to learn more efficiently. This would require cross-curricular collaborations and a reformulation of existing curricula. 相似文献
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The Development of Metacognitive Knowledge in Children and Adolescents: Major Trends and Implications for Education 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wolfgang Schneider 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2008,2(3):114-121
ABSTRACT— This article gives an overview of developmental trends in research on metacognition in children and adolescents. Whereas a first wave of studies focused on the assessment of declarative and procedural metacognitive knowledge in schoolchildren and adolescents, a second wave focused on very young children's "theory of mind" (ToM). Findings from a recent longitudinal study are presented that demonstrate developmental links between early ToM and subsequent declarative metacognitive knowledge, mainly mediated by language competencies. The relevant literature further indicates that developmental trends in declarative and procedural metacognitive knowledge clearly differ. Whereas the findings for declarative metacognitive knowledge show steady improvement through childhood and adolescence, mainly due to increases in knowledge about strategies, the results are not similarly clear-cut for procedural metacognition. Age trends observed for this component of metacognition are significant for self-control activities but not pronounced for monitoring abilities. These findings have important implications for education, emphasizing the role of strategy training procedures in different instructional domains and illustrating teachers' potential impact on the improvement of monitoring and control processes. 相似文献