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冰冻圈与人类社会(人类圈)息息相关,随着全球变暖和冰冻圈普遍退缩,冰冻圈对人类社会的致利和致灾效应均在发生深刻的变化:一方面,冰冻圈灾害以频发的极端事件加剧呈现;另一方面,冰冻圈服务能力整体将不断减弱乃至丧失。文章在介绍冰冻圈核心区及其主要影响区域的人文社会特征基础上,对冰冻圈功能与服务及其价值理论进行论述,并以全球高山"水塔"的重要性和极地系统变化为例阐述冰冻圈功能和服务变化及其影响,最后进一步讨论了提升冰冻圈影响区社会生态-系统恢复力的路径。 相似文献
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减轻灾害带给人们的心理创伤,实现灾后心理康复是灾害心理学的使命。研究者们通过大规模流行病调查,确证了灾后心理创伤发生的广泛性。近10年来,在灾后心理创伤的诊断模型、脑与认知功能缺陷、神经生物学变化以及干预方法和效果等方面已取得重要进展。我国是灾害多发国家,灾害与心理创伤的研究将会有力提升全民预防和应对灾害的能力,因此,应在国家重大科技计划中部署灾害与心理创伤研究,通过凝练创伤应激反应的基础科学问题,推进灾害心理学学科建设,培养心理援助专业人才,以应对我国灾难发生后巨大的心理援助需求,也为制定灾害心理援助和灾后心理重建政策提供科学支撑,并带动我国社会生活中系列心理疾患问题的解决。 相似文献
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图书馆如何应对地震等自然灾害——论汶川大地震带给图书馆人的思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文结合汶川地震,阐明了目前人类所面临灾害的严峻现实,提出了作为科学文化教育基地的图书馆,应当承担起防灾减灾--这一重要的科普教育职责,提高全社会认知灾害的意识和能力,增强自身及广大市民在灾害发生时的应对能力.本文就图书馆自身如何提高防灾减灾能力及提高全社套的防灾减灾能力进行了三点思考. 相似文献
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当今社会,人类不断提升利用生物技术的能力,并积极的将已经被掌握了的生物技术渗透于社会生活的各个领域,为人类解决生存与健康、食品短缺、资源和能源匮乏、环境污染等重大问题。生物技术的研发和使用催化了人类生活的变革,正在颠覆人类既有的社会生活的传统观念和方式。 相似文献
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自古以来,自然灾害一直侵扰着人类的生存,给人类社会造成了重大的人员伤亡、财产损失和精神折磨。随着人类对自然界的改变越多,大型的自然灾害在我们身边发生的机率也越大,从而在地理教育中渗透灾情教育成为一种必然。学生了解灾害,才能更好地在灾害面前保护自己。本文结合初中地理教学内容和初中生实际阐述灾情教育的重要性。 相似文献
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论我国政府对自然灾害的应急管理 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
我国政府应当在重大自然灾害中提升其应急管理能力与水平,发挥更为积极的职责与作用:建立专门的自然灾害应急管理机构;加强灾害管理法制建设和健全减灾计划管理制度;建立全国统一的灾害信息系统;建立政府应急管理的财政保障体系;广泛动员社会力量,争取社会对减灾的支持与参与;加强政府自然灾害应急管理的机制建设。 相似文献
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气象灾害指的是对人类的生活和生产造成不利影响的,对社会的经济发展造成严重后果的损失,气象灾害时自然灾害中常见的一种破坏力最大、发生频率最多、造成的损失最严重的灾害,也是影响人类经济发展和社会进步的主要原因之一。我国近年来发生的气象灾害占自然灾害的四分之三以上,随着我国经济的高速发展,因为气象灾害引起的经济损失也越来越巨大,严重制约着人类的生存和生产。所以,对气象灾害的地理特征充分了解,掌握自然灾害发生的规律,做好灾害的预防工作对电网的运行有重要的作用。 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献