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《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(33):77-102
Limitations on both time and human memory make it impossible for the reference librarian or staff member to become aware of even a fraction of all the reference sources that have been published. There is, however, a small number of basic, fundamental or "key" sources that are widely used or widely recommended. In all likelihood these sources will answer a high proportion of all the questions that may appropriately be answered by published reference materials. This paper explores a number of ways that these "key" reference sources may be identified. The author concludes that a knowledge of the types or categories of reference materials that exist and what each type will do best, along with a knowledge of a corpus of basic, fundemental or "key" reference titles, will contribute to a firm foundation for effective and efficient reference service. 相似文献
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《Research Strategies》1998,16(1):71-77
Over the post five to ten years, company and industry information has been packaged and repackaged into a vast number of sources and formats. Undergraduate students consulting business sources in their library frequently become lost or confused because they are not familiar with the sources, nor do they understand how the sources interrelate and complement each other. How does a student develop a context for using business sources? Reference and instruction librarians can help students develop a framework by incorporating three key concepts into their encounters with students. This article presents an approach that reference and instruction librarians who work in environments where they answer questions related to all disciplines and who possess limited knowledge of business sources can use to help students develop a framework for classifying and using business information sources. 相似文献
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《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(23):61-74
A prototype expert system is being tested by technical writing classes at Texas A&M University. In this course students learn to conduct library research by completing a two-part assignment, the first of which is to locate basic reference materials in their fields of study. The expert system assists in this search. Loaded into the database are records for standard reference sources in selected disciplines. When a student types a natural language request, such as "I need bibliographies on geology," the system analyzes the request and provides a list of titles, call numbers, locations, types of sources, and broad subject headings. The students can then use this list in the second part, a research project. Students were given two questionnaires. The first evaluated their familiarity with reference sources and prior library research experience; the second surveyed their opinion of the expert system. Patron reactions, problems encountered, and future changes will be discussed. 相似文献
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《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(91-92):39-51
Summary The evolution of electronic sources has had a significant impact on reference collections in libraries, and public library reference collections are no exception. Evaluating, selecting, and organizing sources to meet the needs of public library users has always been a fundamental role of public librarians. However, now they have the added responsibility of evaluating electronic resources and deciding whether the electronic sources will supplement or replace traditional paper reference sources. Issues of authority, accessibility, cost, comfort, and user education must be carefully weighed during this evaluative process. 相似文献
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《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(30):71-81
What is the most critical ability that a new librarian should cultivate in preparation for a reference career? Some would claim communication skills are vital; some would advise concentration on extensive knowledge of reference sources; others might state a case for computer literacy skills. This article argues that the single most important skill for a reference librarian to possess is the ability to think critically about the use of reference materials. illustrations are given to demonstrate the primacy of this proficiency in all areas of reference responsibility and suggestions are made concerning the need for increased focus on critical thinking in education and training programs. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT The future of research libraries will be shaped by broader developments at research universities in the areas of creating, sharing, disseminating, and curating knowledge. Universities face fundamental policy choices in all of these areas that have been recast by developments in information technology. This article discusses trends in digital scholarship practices across the humanities, science, and social science disciplines and examines implications for academic institutions and their research libraries as a means of framing these policy choices. This article originally published in Journal of Library Administration, Vol. 49, Issue 3, pages 227–244, 2009. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01930820902785041. 相似文献
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《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(59):59-65
Summary I feel that I have had a successful reference encounter if I have: (a) used effectively my knowledge of reference sources, (b) properly negotiated the sometimes intricate psychological thicket of the reference interview, and (c) made the user feel positive about the reference department even if no answer was found to a particular question. Conversely, if I neglect one of these factors, I may have failed to help a user. If I am too tired, inattentive, or preoccupied to pay full attention to a reference question I am likely to forget a resource or a reference technique that would answer the user's question. Failure can be intellectual, psychological, or ethical, or some combination of these. I can forgive myself for simply forgetting a reference source. But it is more troubling to neglect to pay full attention to a question because something about the user irritates or threatens me. If I let a personal response to a user interfere with my professional obligation to listen nonjudgmentally to a question then I am not employing my intellectual powers to their full capacity and consequently not living up to my ethical obligation as a professional librarian to give service to all members of the public. This essay will discuss examples of encounters which demonstrate the pleasure of reference work when I live up to these principles and the pitfalls of reference work, when I do not live up to them. 相似文献
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《Legal Reference Services Quarterly》2013,32(2):53-67
"Publish or Perish!" While this time-worn phrase rings equally loud and clear for most business law faculty, the opportunity to successfully publish is many times limited for some faculty members by their lack of access to adequate research material. For those teaching at large universities with well-stocked libraries, the choices of research sources are many and varied. However, for those teaching at small universities or community colleges, the choices may be quite limited indeed. Additionally, the smaller schools may be located at too great a distance from law schools or large universities to make travel to and from those libraries a practical solution. Often, at the smaller schools, business law teachers may be given a very limited budget and allowed to order only a few books a year. The question arises, then, for the business law faculty at smaller schools: "What are the most important research sources to have in the university or college libraries?" If a priority list could be drawn up, those business law faculties at smaller schools would be able to use the little library money they do have in a more beneficial way. This article will analyze which library materials business law teachers have selected as necessary resource tools, and the priority in which they should be acquired. The information supporting this article will be acquired by a survey of randomly selected teachers of business law in AACSB-accredited schools. 相似文献
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查丽华 《大学图书情报学刊》2005,23(1):5-6,9
从宏观上论述了知识与信息的概念,重申图书馆的基本职能是知识服务(或服务于人类的文化素质),指出了图书馆界目前存在对"信息服务"与"知识服务"的两种模糊认识. 相似文献
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《Legal Reference Services Quarterly》2013,32(2-3):75-84
Abstract The author contends, based on articles published in recent years discounting the legal obligation of law librarians to pro se patrons, that law librarians have a paramount ethical obligation not to cause harm, and thus to avoid the practice of law from the reference desk. As a result, the attorney patron and the pro se patron cannot be afforded the same level of legal reference service. The attorney is the conversant intermediary between the legal materials (and the librarian) and the client, whereas the pro se patron is the client with a layman's dearth of basic legal knowledge. 相似文献
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Background: The Australian National Stroke Foundation appointed a search specialist to find the best available evidence for the second edition of its Clinical Guidelines for Acute Stroke Management. Objective: To identify the relative effectiveness of differing evidence sources for the guideline update. Methods: We searched and reviewed references from five valid evidence sources for clinical and economic questions: (i) electronic databases; (ii) reference lists of relevant systematic reviews, guidelines, and/or primary studies; (iii) table of contents of a number of key journals for the last 6 months; (iv) internet/grey literature; and (v) experts. Reference sources were recorded, quantified, and analysed. Results: In the clinical portion of the guidelines document, there was a greater use of previous knowledge and sources other than electronic databases for evidence, while there was a greater use of electronic databases for the economic section. Conclusions: The results confirmed that searchers need to be aware of the context and range of sources for evidence searches. For best available evidence, searchers cannot rely solely on electronic databases and need to encompass many different media and sources. 相似文献
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［目的/意义］ 基于专利的全代引证网络对专利进行分类,对高影响力专利的知识扩散特征进行分析,为专利影响力的认识和评估提供重要参考。［方法/过程］ 以生物学家悉尼·布伦纳的专利为例,研究其专利和前向引证专利生成的专利全代引证网络,根据专利的直接引证数量和引证长度两个对专利扩散发挥重要作用的因素将专利分为四类,将具有高被引数量长引证路径的专利定义为高影响力专利,对这种专利的知识扩散特征进行分析。［结果/结论］ 研究发现,在专利的全代引证网络中"关键专利""重要专利"和"隐藏的高影响力专利"对专利的扩散影响巨大,全代引证网络中专利的领域变化也体现了知识的流动现象,知识扩散速度可以通过数字直接刻画专利时序网络特点。结合研究结果,对高影响力专利的特点有了更具体的认识,并为高影响力专利的评价提出新的思路。 相似文献
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Reading guidance is an effective means of popularizing knowledge and linking up understanding. It brings to light the unit knowledge for the purpose of: l)linking up the relationship among branches of learning so as to make them merge reciprocally; 2)conducting reading guidance and reading analysis for the reader; 3)makeing studies on the reading materials so that knowledge will widely, rapidly, perfectly and accurately be recommanded and introduced, the society will be promoted intellectually and the policy decision will be facilitated scientifically.illus.1,ref.5 相似文献
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M C Langner 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》1967,55(1):31-37
How have the three services-indexing, reference (including history of medicine), and interlibrary loan-been provided throughout the years by NLM, and how have they been used? At the present time of great growth and development, the use of the computer has influenced these services and will continue to figure prominently in plans for the future. NLM's services often have not been well or correctly used by its public, even by librarians. Some of its services, however, need to be provided in more depth and on a higher scale, and they should be publicized more widely. History shows that NLM has been faithful to its basic charge and has gone far beyond it in its service to the medical, educational, and library communities. Medical librarians are most fortunate that such a great national resource exists to provide materials and services to fulfill the needs of their libraries. 相似文献
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Post-medieval Greek painting manuals, exemplified by the Hermeneia of the Art of Painting by Dionysius of Fourna, were often copied, enriched, and widely used in icon-painter workshops until the twentieth century. These manuals reflect the accumulated experience of many generations of painters and include sections that pertain to preparation and application of materials and handling of works. Here we present, discuss, and, in some cases, compare with pertinent western instructions and experimental findings (deriving from the analysis of icons and wall paintings), key Greek manual instructions for sound practice, and practical conservation of paintings. Instructions in consideration come from both the published version of Hermeneia and various unpublished manuals; it is shown that the first part of the widely circulating standard edition of Dionysius is by no means an exhaustive account of post-Byzantine technical knowledge. 相似文献
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Google Scholar,Web of Science,and Scopus: A systematic comparison of citations in 252 subject categories 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Alberto Martín-Martín Enrique Orduna-Malea Mike Thelwall Emilio Delgado López-Cózar 《Journal of Informetrics》2018,12(4):1160-1177
Despite citation counts from Google Scholar (GS), Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus being widely consulted by researchers and sometimes used in research evaluations, there is no recent or systematic evidence about the differences between them. In response, this paper investigates 2,448,055 citations to 2299 English-language highly-cited documents from 252 GS subject categories published in 2006, comparing GS, the WoS Core Collection, and Scopus. GS consistently found the largest percentage of citations across all areas (93%–96%), far ahead of Scopus (35%–77%) and WoS (27%–73%). GS found nearly all the WoS (95%) and Scopus (92%) citations. Most citations found only by GS were from non-journal sources (48%–65%), including theses, books, conference papers, and unpublished materials. Many were non-English (19%–38%), and they tended to be much less cited than citing sources that were also in Scopus or WoS. Despite the many unique GS citing sources, Spearman correlations between citation counts in GS and WoS or Scopus are high (0.78-0.99). They are lower in the Humanities, and lower between GS and WoS than between GS and Scopus. The results suggest that in all areas GS citation data is essentially a superset of WoS and Scopus, with substantial extra coverage. 相似文献
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分类法作为规范的知识组织工具,实现其关联数据化,对书目数据的开放和网络知识组织体系的构建具有重要意义。《杜威十进分类法》是图书情报领域使用最为广泛的分类法,现已将其类目以关联数据的形式发布。本文基于Dewey.info平台,以DDC关联数据为例,通过对DDC关联数据发展脉络的梳理和技术构成的分析,从授权模型确定、实体对象的明确、URI命名、SKOS模型化、RDF表示五个方面解析DDC关联数据的具体实现。以此为我国《中图法》及其它分类法的关联数据化提供一定的参考。图1。表2。参考文献13。 相似文献