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1.
“一带一路”沿线国家的共同低碳转型对于全球应对气候变化意义重大,考察沿线国家碳强度收敛特征,并分析与中国开展经贸合作是否可以促进其碳强度收敛速度,对于客观评价中国在促进绿色“一带一路”建设中的作用具有重要意义。本文基于2003—2018年87个国家数据,运用包含空间效应的绝对和条件β收敛模型,从整体以及区域层面分析与中国开展投资和贸易合作对沿线国家碳强度收敛速度的影响。研究表明：①从整体层面来看,“一带一路”沿线国家碳强度存在空间β收敛趋势,并且条件β收敛速度大于绝对β收敛速度,反映了与中国开展经贸合作能够明显加速碳强度收敛。②从大洲层面来看,与中国开展经贸合作均对碳强度收敛速度起到促进作用。其中,对非洲地区的促进作用最大,其次是亚洲和拉丁美洲,最后是欧洲。③从大洲内部来看,与中国开展经贸合作对非洲撒哈拉沙漠以北地区碳强度收敛的促进作用大于以南地区;对亚洲各区域碳强度收敛的促进作用由大到小依次为中亚、西亚、南亚、东亚及东南亚。因此,“一带一路”沿线国家应加强区域交流沟通,共同应对气候变化,尤其是结合自身发展特点,深化与中国的经贸合作关系,有利于早日共同实现低碳转型。 相似文献
2.
拉丁美洲于19世纪初获得政治独立后,该地区的科学技术进入一个重建时期。此后拉美的科学技术具有欧洲和美国的某些共性,同时又存在着地区差异。独立后的拉美科学技术仍可分为两个时期:拉美各国步入早期资本主义发展时期,资本主义的发展刺激了拉美生产技术的提高,此时科学也在拉美出现了明显的进步;工业化初期和进口替代工业化时期,此时现代科学技术在该地区立足并开始扩展,特别是随着经济的好转和教育水平的逐渐提高,拉美的科学技术正在进一步融入国际科学技术进步的大潮中。 相似文献
3.
中国与拉美和加勒比同为维护世界和平与发展的重要力量,同是彼此的重要合作伙伴,在落实《2030年可持续发展议程》(简称"2030议程")上有着共同的责任和广泛的合作空间。文章首先分析了拉美和加勒比千年发展目标的落实情况;进而基于可持续发展目标指数(SDG Index)及其指示板(SDG Dashboards),重点分析了拉美和加勒比实现17项可持续发展目标(SDGs)的机遇和挑战;随后分析了拉美和加勒比落实2030议程的政策和措施;最后提出了基于2030议程的中国-拉美和加勒比可持续发展合作的政策建议。 相似文献
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Organizational stakeholders, such as employees and security managers, may understand security rules and policies differently. Extant literature suggests that stakeholder perceptions of security policies can contribute to the success or failure of policies. This paper draws on the Theory of Personal Constructs and the associated methodology, the Repertory Grid technique, to capture the convergence and divergence of stakeholder perceptions with regards to security policy. We collected data from the employees of an e-commerce company that had developed five information security sub-policies. Our study highlights the practical utility of the Repertory Grid analysis in helping information security researchers and managers pinpoint a) the aspects of a security policy that are well-received by stakeholders, as well as those that are not, and b) the variance in the perceptions of stakeholders. Organizations can, then, capitalize on the well-received aspects of the policy and take corrective action for the ill-received ones. 相似文献
6.
跨国家层面的政策学习是全球化时代的基本特征之一。而原本旨在“解决问题”的政策学习却在造成大规模政策趋同的同时,也不断剥夺着发展中国家的话语权力。拉美国家经济政策和中国技术标准政策学习的两个案例,都表明了传统政策学习理论所信仰的政策知识中立的预设难以成立。引入STS建构主义的视角则可揭示出：一方面政策话语作为一种边界对象,更多是为发展中国家的施政提供了“合法性”;另一方面,发达国家通过话语权力的建构形塑发展中国家的认知和行动。在发达国家过河拆桥地限制真正的“好”政策并通过智库渗透等更加隐蔽的手段宣扬所谓的“好”政策的形势下,发展中国家更应该对政策学习中的话语权争夺提高警惕。 相似文献
7.
污染控制下导向性技术创新对绿色增长的影响机理的明晰可为全球的不同经济体推行新的、更可持续的绿色增长改革提供参考。本文在重构导向性技术创新的区分形式、重建非可再生资源与导向性技术创新之间的内生化形式基础上,建立了一个可充分体现绿色增长的"包容性"、"可持续性"和"均衡性"特征的目标函数和可能性约束的非线性最优控制模型,通过对问题在无限时域上稳态的解析解的求解和数值仿真可得:绿色增长关键的动力来源是技术创新,应为其准备资本空间;非可再生资源并非绿色增长必要的动力要素;相比生产技术创新,环境政策的实施中更应重视对减排技术创新的引导。 相似文献
8.
Technological dynamism in Asia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We analyze innovation in emerging and newly industrialized economies over the past 30 years, with the emphasis being on Asian economies. We use US patent data to study how the innovative capabilities of Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore have expanded in relation to emerging economies in Asia and Latin America. We then carry out a sector-level analysis of innovation for South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, India and China. We also study the relative importance of foreign multinationals, business groups, individuals, domestic firms and research institutes in innovation. Finally, we study the overall concentration of innovative activity in Asian economies. 相似文献
9.
将媒体市场政策演变的连续模型作为分析框架的基础,采用产业组织理论的SCP范式作为描述工具,通过对有线电视政策的演变进行跟踪,评估了在面对不同的市场压力,采用不同市场结构的两个国家有线电视产业从"旧规则"向"新规则"转变时,规制政策对市场的影响。研究发现,仅仅倡导竞争的规制政策并不一定就会为有线电视产业带来积极的改变,由于竞争所导致的大规模的兼并与并购,反而会造成更高的市场势力。另一方面,规制政策必须对同一市场层面内的竞争者一视同仁,才能达到规制政策的目标。此外,不同的政治体制、意识形态以及不同的价值体系的国家,不论在规制思想和规制方式上存在怎样的差异,有线电视产业的发展方向均会出现趋同。 相似文献
10.
考虑到二氧化碳排放国之间普遍存在的生产技术的异质性,本文利用共同前沿和非径向DEA方法提出了一种新的二氧化碳排放绩效评价指标,并实现了对二氧化碳排放绩效损失来源的分解。对58个国家和地区1995-2007年二氧化碳排放绩效及其损失状况的实证研究表明:以共同前沿为评价基准时各国各地区的二氧化碳排放绩效均不大于以组别前沿为参照时的情形,但显示了最佳生产技术条件了最大的绩效改善潜力;欧洲二氧化碳排放的绩效表现好于美洲和亚洲,同时,亚洲、欧洲和美洲的技术差距比呈现不同走势;生产技术差距和管理无效都是导致二氧化碳排放绩效损失的来源,并在总体上显示出后者明显高于前者的特征;尽管二氧化碳排放绩效在整体上已有所改善,但在现有的投入约束下潜在的二氧化碳强度约是实际数值的一半,减排任务依然艰巨。 相似文献
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Our objectives for this article are twofold: first, to examine the convergence of nations with regard to ICT access; and second, to see whether countries in the same continental region (South and East Asia, West and Middle East Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania) or having same initial ICT access have coalesced into groups. We constructed an ICT access index using three indicators (mobile phone, Internet, and broadband use per 100 population) for a sample of 198 nations for the 16-year period from 2000 to 2015. Results show that digital divide has declined in relative terms, but not in absolute terms. The countries, starting at lower ICT levels, are not adopting ICT faster than the leaders. Continental region-wise analysis also shows that the catch-up is maximum for already developed countries, and minimum for countries in African and Oceania continental regions. 相似文献
13.
区域发展政策与区域经济增长空间收敛 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文中利用计量经济模型方法，计算分析了1952-2000年我国区域经济增长空间分布变化的趋势及其与区域经济发展政策的关系。研究结果显示，尽管从1952-2000年以实际人均GDP为指标，我国区域经济增长变化呈发散趋势。然而，根据不同时段国家所采取的经济发展政策措施的不同把整个时期划分为若干不同时段，则发现1952-1966、1979-1990、1979-2000年等时段，我国区域经济增长过程中均存在显著的b 型绝对和条件收敛趋势。进一步的研究还显示我国区域经济增长过程中的b 型收敛趋势与区域经济发展政策之间存在显著的关系。 相似文献
14.
对外直接投资（OFDI）对母国技术进步的逆向技术溢出效应是国际经济学研究的一个较新论题,也是中国政府推出“走出去”战略的重要预期之一。本文利用2003-2009年省际面板数据,采用非线性门槛模型对我国OFDI的逆向技术溢出效应以及国内外技术差距和OFDI规模等变量对逆向技术溢出的影响进行了实证分析。研究结果表明：在开放条件下,我国OFDI不仅存在逆向技术溢出效应,而且这种效应存在显著的空间异质性。这种地区差异主要来自于OFDI规模与技术势差的影响,OFDI规模和技术势差分别具有单一和双门槛效应。为此,针对我国空间发展的不平衡性,应采取差异化的政策措施,充分发挥OFDI逆向技术溢出效应。 相似文献
15.
《Research Policy》2022,51(1):104371
The need for rapid decarbonization of the energy system calls for an improved understanding how policy action may accelerate the market diffusion of low-carbon technologies. Turning points, in other words, i.e. points in time when market growth curves change direction, occur when politics, policy, and technology streams converge. Investigating photovoltaics, residential heat pump, and electric vehicle diffusion in Austria from 1970/1990 to 2018, we constellate when and why turning points occurred. Analyzing market statistics with the mathematical method of change point analysis allows identifying turning points and growth functions in diffusion curves. We used the Multiple Streams Approach to structure archival documents and findings from expert interviews to reconstruct critical events in past socio-political and socio-technological developments which triggered turning points. We find that observed diffusion processes change direction and pace at specific moments in time, rather than following a uniform s-shape. Mandatory regulations are key levers, but need to be supplemented by events in the respective streams: In the politics stream, overarching political strategies and model policies in other countries set the stage for low-carbon technologies. In the technology stream, R&D programs, product development, and quality labels support technological advancement. In the policy stream, however, ad-hoc subsidy programs tend to produce patchwork policies or only temporarily boost market diffusion. Continuously monitoring market processes may allow anticipation of upcoming turning points when the implementation of integrated policies can push combinations of complementary technologies. 相似文献
16.
本文主要通过对组织间知识溢出吸收过程的分析来研究知识溢出对组织间知识状态的影响。本文首先分析了知识吸收过程中知识交互的动机、基础和结构,分别提出了知识交互的"效用准则"、交互阈值条件和内生的交互网络结构,并据此构建了改进的知识累积模型。通过仿真分析表明:知识溢出对组织间知识分布的影响并不是单纯的趋同或者趋异,而是受到组织初始知识存量和交互阈值条件这两个关键因素的限制,而这两个因素代表着不同发展阶段组织间在知识学习能力、吸收能力上的差异,因此有的集群组织间表现为同化,有的表现为异化,而有的则表现为先同化后异化。这些分析为学术界关于知识溢出会使不同企业技术水平趋于相同还是走向分化的争论提供了有益的参考。 相似文献
17.
人口年龄结构变动对基本养老保险基金缺口的影响研究——以陕西省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了揭示人口年龄结构变动与基本养老保险基金缺口的相关关系,本文首先运用微分方程理论描述了人口年龄结构对基本养老保险基金缺口影响的作用机理;然后在离散状态下,构建了人口年龄结构预测模型和基本养老保险基金缺口预测模型,并结合陕西省生育政策及相关数据资料,在低出生率方案和高出生率方案下,对2007～2050年陕西省基本养老保险基金收支及缺口进行了数值模拟与比较研究.研究发现,高出生率方案下测算的基本养老保险基金缺口小于低出生率方案的测算结果,两者累计相差375.5366亿元. 相似文献
18.
首先以产业的技术绩效为切入点,通过SCP范式分析了美国孵化器市场结构的有效性,发现信息产业革命在美国孵化器市场结构演化中的作用,预示了新一轮科技革命背景下,我国孵化器市场结构可能也会发生改变;为寻求这一变化均衡点,构建商业孵化器与公共孵化器在我国孵化器市场结构中的演化博弈模型,表明变化均衡点是根据产业主导技术所处阶段,商业孵化器与公共孵化器对新兴产业和战略性新兴产业孵化选择的结果。最后用数值仿真予以刻画。 相似文献
19.
方振富 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1987,25(4):307-313
1. The distribution of Salix species among the continents. There are about
526 species of Salix in the world, most of which are distributed in the Northern Hemisphere
with only a few species in the Southern Hemisphere. In Asia, there are about 375 species, mak-
ing up 71.29 percent of the total in the world, including 328 endemics; in Europe, about 114
species, 21.67 percent with 73 endemics; in North America, about 91 species, 17.3 percent with
71 endemics; in Africa, about 8 species, 1.5 percent, with 6 endemics. Only one species occurs
in South America. Asia, Europe and North America have 8 species in common (excluding 4
cultivated species). There are 34 common species between Asia and Europe, 14 both between
Europe and North America and between Asia and North America, 2 between Asia and Africa.
Acording to the Continental Drift Theory, the natural circumstances which promoted speciation
and protected newly originated and old species were created by the orogenic movement of the
Himalayas in the middle and late Tertiary. Besides, the air temperature was a little higher in
Asia than in Europe and North America (except its west part) and the dominant glaciers were
mountainous in Asia during the glacial epoch in the Quaternary Period. Then willows of Eu-
rope moved southwards to Asia. During the interglacial period they moved in opposite direc-
tion. Such a to-and-fro willow migration between Asia and Europe and between and North
America occurred so often that it resulted in the diversity of willow species in Asia. Those
species of willows common among the continents belong to the Arctic flora.
2. The multistaminal willows are of the primitive group in Salix. Asia has 28 species of
multistaminal willows, but Europe has only one which is also found in Asia. These 28 species
are divided into two groups, “northern type” and “southern type”, according to morphology of
the ovary. The boundary between the two forms in distribution is at 40°N. The multistami-
nal willows from south Asia, Africa and South America are very similar to each other and
may have mutually communicated between these continents in the Middle or Late Cretaceous
Period. The southern type willows in south Asia are similar to the North American multista-
minal willows but a few species. The Asian southern type willows spreaded all over the conti-
nents of Europe, Asia and North America through the communication between them before the
Quaternany Period. Nevertheless, it is possible that the willows growing in North America
immigranted through the middle America from South America. The Asian northern type mul-
tistaminal willows may have originated during the ice period.
The multistaminal willows are more closed to populars in features of sexual organs. They
are more primitive than the willows with 1-3 stamens and the most primitive ones in the ge-
nus.
3. The center of origin and development of willows Based on the above discussion it is re-
asonable to say that the region between 20°-40°N in East Asia is the center of the origin and
differentiation of multistaminal willows. It covers Southern and Southwestern China and nor-
thern Indo-China Pennisula. 相似文献
20.
省域碳排放强度的收敛性与动态演进 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鉴于传统收敛模型的局限性,基于PS收敛模型对中国30个省市1986-2010年碳排放强度的收敛特征进行分析。研究结果表明,中国30个省市的碳排放强度整体上不存在收敛,但内部存在4个收敛类型(即类型A-类型D)和1个离散类型(即类型E),其中类型A、类型B和类型E的相对转移路径趋于上扬,其所包含省份的整体碳排放强度与全国总体平均水平的碳排放强度间的差距趋于扩大,资源利用效率趋于下降,是拉动我国碳排放强度增加的主要类型;类型C和类型D的相对转移路径在样本研究期内呈现出平稳的下降趋势,其所包含省份的整体碳排放强度与全国总体平均水平的碳排放强度间的差距趋于缩小,资源利用效率趋于提高,是降低我国碳排放强度的主要类型。进一步的核密度分析发现,整体上看,我国碳排放强度逐年趋于下降,且省域间的碳排放差异也呈现出缩小态势。 相似文献