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1.
This study examined the effects of dietary α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activities and fillet quality in commercial-size Sparus macrocephalus. Three hundred fish [main initial weight （350±12） g] were divided into three groups （E250, E500 and El000） and reared in 9 cages. The fish were fed for 8 weeks with three diets containing different levels of dietary α-tocopheryl acetate （289, 553, 1069 mg/kg）. Over the experimental period, fish were fed to satiation and reached a final mean weight of （465±28） g without significant body weight difference and proximate composition difference. Fillet α-tocopherol was significantly （P〈0.05） different between groups, reaching levels of 14.2, 22.1, 30.9 pg/mg fillet for groups E250, E500 and El000, respectively. Total serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity increased significantly （P〈0.05） in fish fed the diets high in α-tocopheryl acetate, but serum glutathione peroxidase （GPX） activity was unaffected. In storage on ice, fillets of fish fed the diets high in α-tocopheryl acetate exhibited significantly lower （P〈0.05） levels of oxidation. These results suggested that increased dietary α-tocopheryl acetate could increase its flesh deposition, increase the activity of SOD and prevent lipid peroxidation ofSparus macrocephalus fillets in retail storage on ice.  相似文献   

2.
从太湖中成功筛选出一株能够同时降解微囊藻毒素-RR(MC-RR)和微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)的土著细菌MC-LTH11.经鉴定,该菌属寡养单胞菌属,并含有mlrA基因.在含有藻毒素粗提物的培养基中,MCLTH11能够在6 d内将初浓度分别为37.13 mg/L的MC-RR和18.49 mg/L的MC-LR完全降解,并且降解速度受到pH值、温度、初始微囊藻毒素浓度和培养基种类的影响.此外,MC-LTH11能够在1 d内完全降解太湖水样中的微囊藻毒素.研究结果表明,寡养单胞菌MC-LTH11具备对微囊藻毒素污染水体的修复能力,并可能是太湖水华爆发后微囊藻毒素降解的重要因素.  相似文献   

3.
Seeds of a Chinese traditional medicine plant, Cochinchina momordica were used in the present study for the improvement of influenza vaccine （HSN 1） in chicken. Crude extraction from Cochinchina momordica seed （ECMS） was obtained by ethanol extraction method. In experiment No. 1, two weeks old chickens were immunized with influenza vaccine （HSN1） alone or combined with ECMS （5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/dose）. Serum IgG antibody levels （by ELISA） as well as effects on dally weight gain were measured on 0, 7, 14 and 28th day after immunization. Results revealed that all ECMS groups numerically increased the antibody levels while 10 and 20 μg/dose groups significantly （P〈0.05） enhanced total IgG antibody on day 28, when compared with control. Average daily weight gain was also significantly higher in 20 μg/dose ECMS group. Adjuvant effect was also confirmed in experiment No. 2 when chickens were immunized with 20 μg/dose ECMS and antibody titer was measured through hemagglutination inhibition （HI）. It is concluded that ECMS has potential to improve the immune responses and deserve further study as an adjuvant.  相似文献   

4.
Field experiments were conducted at Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan, during winter 2003~2004 and 2004~2005 to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and sulfur levels and methods of nitrogen application on canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Bulbul-98) under rainfed conditions. Four levels of S (0, 10, 20, and 30 kg/ha) and three levels of N (40, 60, and 80 kg/ha) and a control treatment with both nutrients at zero level were included in the experiments. Sulfur levels were applied at sowing while N levels were applied by three methods (100% soil application, 90% soil 10% foliar application, and 80% soil 20% foliar application). The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block (RCB) design having four replications. Oil content increased significantly up to 20 kg S/ha but further increase in S level did not enhance oil content. Glucosinolate content increased from 13.6 to 24.6 μmol/g as S rate was increased from 0 to 30 kg/ha. Protein content increased from 22.4% to 23.2% as S rate was increased from 0 to 20 kg/ha. Oil content responded negatively to the increasing N levels. The highest N level resulted in the highest values for protein (23.5%) and glucosinolate (19.9 μmol/g) contents. Methods of N application had no significant impact on any parameters under study.  相似文献   

5.
INTRODUCTION Telomeres are distinctive DNA-protein struc-tures that cap the ends of linear chromosomes.It is very important to keep the chromosomes stabilization.Telomerase activity is closely linked to attainment of cellular immortality,a step in carcinogenesis,while lack of such activity contributes to cellular senes-cence.Telomerase is activated in more than85%ofmalignant tumors(Hiayma et al.,1997).Human te-lomeric repeat binding factor1(TRF1)is a telomere associated with proteins a…  相似文献   

6.
Objective: To study the effects of different concentrations of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASODN) on human pancreatic cancer cell line PaTu8988s. Method: Human pancreatic cancer cell line PaTu8988s in exponential growth stage was used to study the effect of different drug concentrations on the cell line in the presence of different concentrations (0 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 10 μg/m, 200 μg/ml) of ASODN and sense oligodeoxynucleotides (SODN). Cell counts and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazolzyl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were carried out. Results: The inhibitory rate on the cell line PaTu8988s was 98.73%, 95.76%, 69.49%, 33.05% and 0 for ASODM concentrations of 200 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml and 5 μg/ml at 48 hours. Conclusions: K-ras complementary ASODN can inhibit the growth of human pancreatic cancer cell line PaTu8988s by 30.05% to 98.73%. This is likely to contribute to the specificity of the K-ras mRNA complementary capped ASODN sequential codon. Non-specific effect and side effect of ASOND were observed for instance, the greater the concentration is, the earlier the peak of inhibitory rate is reached. In concentration, of 25 μg/ml to 100 μg/ml ASODN showed a dose-effect correlation.  相似文献   

7.
Modified 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropy) carbodiimide (EDC) method was employed to synthesize the artificial antigen of enrofloxacin (ENR), and New Zealand rabbits were used to produce anti-ENR polyclonal antibody (pAb). Based on the checkerboard titration, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) standard curve was established. This assay was sensitive and had a linear range from 0.6 to 148.0 μg/kg (R 2=0.9567), with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and limit of detection (LOD) values of 9.4 μg/kg and 0.2 μg/kg, respectively. Of all the competitive analogues, the produced pAb exhibited a high cross-reactivity to ciprofloxacin (CIP) (87%), the main metabolite of ENR in tissues. After optimization, the matrix effects can be ignored using a 10-fold dilution in beef and 20-fold dilution in pork. The overall recoveries and coefficients of variation (CVs) were in the ranges of 86%–109% and 6.8%–13.1%, respectively. It can be concluded that the established ELISA method is suitable for simultaneous detection of ENR and CIP in animal tissues.  相似文献   

8.
INTRODUCTION Blood-Pb levels are taken as representative of dose/exposure, as all clinical symptoms resulting from the toxic effects of Pb are manifested mainly in blood. Lead exposure of children correlates with de- creased IQ, symptoms of hyper kinesis or minima brain dysfunction, poor learning, or defects in specific neuromotor tasks (Landgrin et al., 1980). Large number of observations over the years has associated lead exposure with human diseases (McMichael and Johnson, 1982). Ca…  相似文献   

9.
Both geniposide (Ge) and natural borneol (NB) are bioactive substances derived from traditional Chinese herbs. The effect of NB on the pharmacokinetics of Ge in rat via intranasal administration was investigated. The concentrations of Ge in plasma were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after intranasal administration of Ge (4 mg/kg) alone and combined with different doses (0.08, 0.8, and 8 mg/kg) of NB. The intravenous administration was given as a reference (4 mg/kg of Ge and 8 mg/kg of NB). Compared with the intravenous administration, the absolute bioavailability of Ge was 76.14% through intranasal administration combined with NB. Compared with the intranasal administration of Ge alone, Ge could be absorbed rapidly in the nasal cavity combined with NB; the peak time of Ge in the plasma became shorter (3–5 min vs. 40 min); the peak concentration became higher (1.32–4.25 μg/ml vs. 0.67 μg/ml); and, the relative bioavailability of Ge combined with NB was 90.3%–237.8%. The enhancing effect was attenuated as the dose of NB decreased. The results indicated that NB can accelerate the absorption of Ge dose-dependently in the nasal cavity.  相似文献   

10.
低聚壳聚糖对肉仔鸡生长性能及免疫器官发育的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
480羽1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为4组,每组120羽,设6个重复,其中空白对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,抗生素组基础日粮添加50mg/kg金霉素,试验Ⅰ组(低聚壳聚糖剂量组)和试验Ⅱ组(黄芪多糖高剂量组)分别添加20mg/kg和40mg/kg低聚壳聚糖,试验期42d,研究低聚壳聚糖对肉仔鸡生长性能及免疫器官发育的影响。结果显示,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组肉仔鸡的平均体重、日增重、免疫器官重量及其指数均不同程度高于同期空白对照组和抗生素组,其中平均体重与日增重多差异显著(P<0.05),部分免疫器官重量与指数有统计学意义(P<0.05);平均料重比均较明显地低于同日龄空白对照组和抗生素组。试验结果表明,基础日粮添加20、40mg/kg低聚壳聚糖对肉鸡的生长性能及免疫器官发育具有较明显的促进作用,可提高肉鸡的平均日增重和饲料转化率,增强机体的免疫功能。  相似文献   

11.
半胱胺对草杂鸡生长性能及淋巴器官发育的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
本试验研究了半胱胺对鸡生长性能及淋巴器官发育的影响.试验选用1日龄草杂鸡160羽,随机分成2组,每组80羽;半胱胺分别按0和0.6g/kg添加到对照组鸡和试验组鸡的基础日粮中;试验期为30天.试验结果表明,试验组鸡的增重较对照组高2.44%,差异显著(p＜0.05);对照组鸡胸腺的髓质区较大,试验组鸡的胸腺小体较对照组鸡少;试验组鸡脾脏中红髓和白髓的界线较对照组鸡清晰,试验组鸡脾脏脾小体、脾索和脾窦较对照组明显;试验组鸡法氏囊皱褶较对照组大,对照组鸡法氏囊小结出现髓质和皮质分界线,而试验组鸡法氏囊小结没有出现髓质和皮质分界线.本试验的结果说明半胱胺对草杂鸡生长性能及淋巴器官的发育具有促进作用.  相似文献   

12.
In the present work, the fruits of four Morus species, namely Morus alba (white mulberry), Morus nigra (black mulberry), Morus laevigata (large white fruit), and Morus laevigata (large black fruit), were analyzed for proximate composition, essential minerals, and antioxidant potentials. For this purpose, the ripe fruits were collected from the northern regions of Pakistan. The major nutritional components (moisture, ash, lipids, proteins, fibres, carbohydrates, and total sugar) were found to be in the suitable range along with good computed energy. Total dry weight, pH, and titratable acidity (percent citric acid) were (17.60±1.94)–(21.97±2.34) mg/100 g, (3.20±0.07)–(4.78±0.15), and (0.84±0.40)%–(2.00±0.08)%, respectively. Low riboflavin (vitamin B2) and niacin (vitamin B3) contents were recorded in all the fruits, while ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was in the range from (15.20±1.25) to (17.03±1.71) mg/100 g fresh weight (FW). The mulberry fruits were rich with regard to the total phenol and alkaloid contents, having values of (880±7.20)–(1650±12.25) mg/100 g FW and (390±3.22)–(660±5.25) mg/100 g FW, respectively. Sufficient quantities of essential macro-(K, Ca, Mg, and Na) and micro-(Fe, Zn, and Ni) elements were found in all the fruits. K was the predominant element with concentration ranging from (1270±9.36) to (1731±11.50) mg/100 g, while Ca, Na, and Mg contents were (440±3.21)–(576±7.37), (260±3.86)–(280±3.50), and (240±3.51)–(360±4.20) mg/100 g, respectivly. The decreasing order of micro-minerals was Fe>Zn>Ni. The radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract of fruits was concentration-dependent and showed a correlation with total phenolic constituents of the respective fruits. Based on the results obtained, mulberry fruits were found to serve as a potential source of food diet and natural antioxidants.  相似文献   

13.
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14.
In this study we investigated whether GABAA receptors of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) interact with the effect of dexamethasone on the retrieval stage of memory. Adult male Wistar rats were bilaterally cannulated in the BLA by stereotaxic surgery. The animals were trained in step-through apparatus by induction of electric shock (1.5 mA, 3 s) and were tested for memory retrieval after 1 d. The time of latency for entering the dark compartment of the instrument and the time spent by rats in this chamber were recorded for evaluation of the animals’ retrieval in passive avoidance memory. Administration of dexamethasone (0.3 and 0.9 mg/kg, subcutaneously (s.c.)), immediately after training, enhanced memory retrieval. This effect was reduced by intra-BLA microinjection of muscimol (0.125, 0.250 and 0.500 μg/rat), when administered before 0.9 mg/kg of dexamethasone. Microinjection of bicuculline (0.75 μg/rat, intra-BLA) with an ineffective dose of dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg, s.c.) increased memory retrieval. However, the same doses of muscimol and bicuculline without dexamethasone did not affect memory processes. Our data support reports that dexamethasone enhances memory retrieval. It seems that GABAA receptors of the BLA mediate the effect of dexamethasone on memory retrieval in rats.  相似文献   

15.
In order to find a safe, simple, effective and selective pulmonary vasodilator, we tested the effectiveness and safety of inhalation of nebulized nitroglycerin (Neb-NTG) by children with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension (VSD-PH). Twenty μg/kg Neb-NTG was inhaled by seven children with VSD-PH using face mask during cardiac catheterization. The pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), systemic arterial pressure (SAP) and methemoglobin (MetHb) concentration were measured before and after inhalation of Neb-NTG. After inhalation of Neb-NTG, the PAP and pulmonary-to-systemic pressure ratio (Pp/Ps) decreased significantly; There was no significant decrease in SAP. The systolic and diastolic PAP decreased respectively 13±4% and 9±7% in 5 min, 21±3% and 13±17% in 10 min, 24±3% and 16±19% in 15 min. The Pp/Ps decreased 12±4% in 5 min, 21±9% in 10 min and 24±6% in 15 min. There was no significant increase in the MetHb level after inhalation of 20 μg/kg of Neb-NTG. The MetHb level was below 1.5%. Neb-NTG is a safe, simple, effective and selective pulmonary vasodilator.  相似文献   

16.
Ethanol extracts of brown seaweeds from Pakistan and China were isolated and compared for their antiallergenic activities.They included Sargassum tennerimum (ST) and Sargassum cervicorne (SC) from Pakistan,and Sargassum graminifolium turn (SG),Sargassum thunbergii (STH),and Laminariajaponica (LJ) from China.The ethanol extracts of these brown seaweeds were optimized at 85% (v/v) ethanol for the maximum yield of phlorotannin,an inhibitor against hyaluronidase.Total phlorotannins contained in the crude extracts were measured as 1.71% (SG),0.74% (STH),0.97% (LJ),3.30% (SC),and 5.06% (ST).The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of Pakistani SC and ST were 109.5 and 21 μg/ml,respectively,lower than those of Chinese SG,STH,and LJ (134,269,and 148 μg/ml,respectively).An antiallergic drug,disodium cromoglycate (DSCG),had an IC50=39 μg/ml,and a natural inhibitor of hyaluronidase,catechin,had an IC50=20 μg/ml.The IC50 of ST extract was found similar to that of catechin (21 vs 20 μg/ml) and lower than that of DSCG (21 vs 39 μg/ml).This suggests that ST is a potent inhibitor of hyaluronidase,indicating a promising future development of natural antiallergic medicines or functional foods.  相似文献   

17.
A feeding trial was conducted for nine weeks to investigate the effects of partially replacing Ca(H2PO4)2 with neutral phytase on the growth performance, phosphorus utilization, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters, bone and carcass mineral composition, and digestive-enzyme-specific activity in crucian carp (Carassius auratus). The diets prepared with 0.8%, 0%, and 1.8% Ca(H2PO4)2 (1%=1 g/100 g) supplements were regarded as the P1E0, negative control (NC), and positive control (PC) groups, respectively; the other three experimental diets were prepared with the addition of 200, 300, and 500 U/kg of neutral phytase, respectively, based on the P1E0 group. Three hundred and eighty-four fish ((1.50±0.01) g) were randomly distributed in the six treatments with four replicates each. The fish were initially fed with 2%–3% diets of their body weight per day, with feeding twice daily (08:00 and 16:00), under a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle at the temperature of (27.56±0.89) °C. The results showed that supplemental phytase at different levels in the diet improved the final body weight, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, phosphorus utilization, and protein efficiency ratio of crucian carp (P<0.05). Phytase supplementation increased the mineral content in serum (P), bone (P, Ca), and carcass (P, Ca, Zn, Na, and Mg) (P<0.05); the trypsin and chymotrypsin activity soared when fed with the phytase-supplemented diets (P<0.05). We may conclude that supplemental dietary neutral phytase improved the growth performance, phosphorus utilization as well as nutrient utilization in crucian carp, and it can be considered an important nutritional replacement for Ca(H2PO4)2.  相似文献   

18.
To assess the influence of cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) on mycophenolic acid (MPA) and correlation analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters and patient characteristics, clinical outcome in Chinese kidney transplant recipients, the pharmacokinetics of 1000 mg mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) twice daily was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). PKS (Pharmaceutical Kinctics Software) 1.0.2 software package was used for the calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters. The meanC max,t max, and AUC(0–12) were (21.88±10.52) μg/ml, (1.20±0.95) h, and (52.546±13.215) μg·h/ml, respectively. The level of AUC(0–12) in the FK506 group was significantly higher than that in the CsA group. MPA appeared not to be affected by renal function. MPA AUC(0–12) showed statistically significant difference according to the patient's gender. Project (No. 20040462) supported by the Foundation of Education Bureau of Zhejiang Province, China  相似文献   

19.
Objective: To evaluate the effects oftramadol on the proinflammatory responses in a rat model of incisional pain by investigating its effects on nociceptive thresholds and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2 levels. Methods: Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats scheduled for plantar incision were randomly divided into 7 groups (n=6 in each group). Rats in Group 1 receiving general anesthesia with no incision were served as control; At 30 min before skin incision, Groups 2～5 were given 5 ml normal saline or 1, 10, and 20 mg/kg tramadol, respectively, intraperitoneally (i.p.); Group 6 received 10 mg/kg tramadol after operation; Group 7 received 10 mg/kg tramadol before incision, followed by 200 μg/kg naloxone after operation. Mechanical allodynia was measured by electronic von Frey filament to evaluate the nociceptive thresholds 1 h before incision, and 1 h and 2 h after operation. Serum IL-6 and IL-2 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 2 h after operation. Results: Mechanical thresholds decreased significantly and serum IL-6 level increased significantly after operation in Group 2 compared with control (P＜0.01), and these changes were reversed respectively by tramadol in a dose-dependent manner (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01, respectively). IL-2 level remained unchanged after operation in Group 2, but decreased in Group 3 (P＜0.05), then gradually returned to the normal level in Groups 4 and 5. The intraperitoneally injected tramadol (10 and 20 mg/kg) produced a potent and dose-dependent antinocicptive effect on the lesioned paw. The antinocicptive effects of tramadol were partially an-tagonized by naloxone (200 μg/kg), suggesting an additional non-opioid mechanism. Conclusion: The results suggest that tramadol could be a good choice for the treatment of pain under the conditions that immunosuppression may be particularly contraindicated.  相似文献   

20.
Development and evaluation of immunoassay for zeranol in bovine urine   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
A high affinity polyclonal antibody-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was developed for the quantification of zeranol in bovine urine. On the basis of urine matrix studies, the optimized dilution factors producing insignificant matrix interference were selected as 1：5 in pretreatment. In the improved ELISA, the linear response range was between 0.02 and 1 μg/ml, and the detection limit was 0.02 μg/ml for the assay. The overall recoveries and the coefficients of variation （CVs） were in the range of 82%-127% and 3.5%-8.8%, respectively. Thirty-six bovine urine samples spiked with zeranol （ranging from 0.2 to 10 μg/ml） were detected by the ELISA and liquid chromatography （LC） method, and good correlations were obtained between the two methods （R^2=0.9643）. We conclude that this improved ELISA is suitable tool for a mass zeranol screening and can be an altemative for the conventional LC method for zeranol in bovine urine.  相似文献   

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