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优秀速滑运动员弯道蹬冰技术动作结构的模式特征研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
建立优秀速滑运动员弯道蹬冰技术动作结构的模式特征 ,对技术动作的诊断和评价具有重要意义。通过运动生物力学方法从三维角度对世界优秀运动员的弯道蹬冰技术进行研究 ,认为 :步长间滑步长度和滑步宽度的组合应遵循 3.6∶1的原则 ;蹬冰过程中人体重心的纵向位移幅度明显大于横向 ,并非传统认识中的横向移动幅度大于纵向 ;优秀速滑运动员运用Clap式冰刀时的展膝程度并非传统认识上的充分伸直 ,而与采用传统冰刀时的展膝程度相似 ;提供了用起蹬条件作为判断和评价运动员蹬冰初始条件的方法 ,并推测了下肢关节的有效蹬伸范围 相似文献
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clap式冰刀蹬冰动作特点对速滑专项力量训练理念的启示 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
通过对2002年世界速滑锦标赛优秀运动员弯道蹬冰技术动作的分析后认为,clap式冰刀与传统冰刀蹬冰过程中肌群工作方式存在着明显的不同。clap式冰刀蹬冰动作遵循大环节带动小环节,由上至下的关节发力顺序规律;而传统式冰刀则是以臀大肌和股四头肌的近固定工作与腓肠肌的远固定工作之合力实现两侧牵拉式伸膝动作。并且提出对速滑蹬冰技术动作的爆发力程度应重新审视的观点。由于肌群工作方式的异同性提示在力量训练理念上,更应加强速度力量性训练手段的选用,提高对肌腱的训练效果,重视专项力量训练对神经系统的作用功效。 相似文献
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研究对象:选择参加2002赛季国际滑冰联合会(ISU)举办的世界杯(哈尔滨站)A组,1000m比赛中的优秀男、女速滑运动员。研究方法:拍摄研究法、三维分析法、数据处理法。结果与分析1.不同阶段关节角度的变化在单支撑阶段伴随着下肢的蹬伸,上体产生明显的下压动作。从左、右单步上看,无论男、女运动员其左单步各时相的角度均小于右单步,并且女子小于男子。髋关节角度是下肢惟一由单支撑蹬冰阶段开始到双支撑蹬冰阶段结束始终增大的环节,在下肢三大关节中变化幅度最大。特别是采用Clap式冰刀后,髋关节的活动范围更大。从蹬冰角的变化特点看,右单步… 相似文献
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通过对克莱普冰刀与传统冰刀蹬冰机制的比较得出,克莱普冰刀蹬冰技术原理体现在通过提高踝关节的灵活性来改变下肢各关节的发力性质;通过冰刀结构的改变来揭示速滑蹬冰技术动作加速理论的适用条件。核心是提高踝关节的灵活性。 相似文献
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关于速滑蹬冰动作"爆发力"性质的探讨 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过运动生物力学的方法对速滑蹬冰动作“爆发力”的性质进行了探讨。结果认为：蹬冰技术动作是典型的爆发式动作，逐渐加大用力的蹬冰方式无法实现再加速作用。克莱普冰刀蹬冰动作下肢肌群的工作特点与传统冰刀蹬冰动作的肌群工作方式有着本质的区别。新式冰刀中更好地利用了小腿的能力，增加了蹬冰力量。 相似文献
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运用三维摄像DLT法,对我国优秀女子速滑运动员直道滑行技术进行运动学分析,结果表明:我国优秀女子速滑运动员各动作阶段时间比例不合理,自由滑行时间和单支撑时间偏长,降低了蹬冰频率,影响蹬冰效果;运动员大腿带动小腿蹬冰动作不明显,在单支撑蹬冰阶段应加大髋关节的蹬伸幅度,这样有利于发挥肌肉力量,提高蹬冰效果;在整个蹬冰过程中单支撑蹬冰阶段膝关节伸展幅度过小,造成消极蹬冰,影响肌力发挥。 相似文献
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王新 《沈阳体育学院学报》2005,24(6):48-51
运用三维DLT摄像法,对国内两名优秀速滑运动员直道滑行技术进行运动学分析。研究结果表明:运动员自由滑行时间和单支撑时间偏长,降低了蹬冰频率;大腿带动小腿蹬冰动作不明显,在单支撑蹬冰阶段加大髋关节的蹬伸幅度,有利于发挥肌肉力量,提高蹬冰效果;在整个蹬冰过程中髋、膝关节起主要作用,单支撑蹬冰阶段膝关节伸展幅度过小,将造成消极蹬冰,影响肌力发挥;自由滑阶段较大的膝角导致压膝幅度增大,压膝幅度越大,压膝时间越长,对蹬冰效果造成的负面影响越大。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献