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1.
支链氨基酸对赛艇运动员极限运动血葡萄糖异生的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
目的：探讨补充支链氨基酸（BCAA）对不同负荷运动后及恢复期糖代谢和糖异生的影响。方法；20名赛艇运动员随机分为2组（BCAA组和对照组），BCAA组每天补充支链氨基酸，时间为4周，对照组则补充安慰剂。在实验期间，两组运动员都进行相同负荷的运动训练。4周后，在赛艇测功仪上进行模拟2km和5km的耐力测试，并分别在运动前、运动后即刻和运动后30min取血测定血糖、丙氨酸和乳酸。结果：在耐力极限负荷运动中，BCAA组的血糖只在运动后即刻明显下降（P 〈0．05），而对照组则在运动后即刻和运动后30min都明显低于安静时水平（P〈0．05）。BCAA组血丙氨酸浓度在运动后即刻和运动后30min均明显增加（P，〈0．05），而对照组血丙氨酸浓度则在运动后出现明显的下降（P〈0．05）。BCAA组的血乳酸值在运动后明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：补充BCAA可促进力竭运动后及恢复期糖的异生、延缓疲劳发生和促进运动后疲劳的消除。 相似文献
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科学的补水有利于保持运动员的身体健康,有利于运动员保持运动能力和延迟疲劳。合理的补水方法是在训练或比赛前20-30分钟摄入400-600毫升的水或饮料;运动中遵循少量多次的原则,每10-15分钟饮用150-200毫升的水或饮料;比赛间歇中,饮料以糖-电解质饮料为好,温度在8℃-14℃为宜,糖浓度低于5%;运动后补水量最少为丢失体重的1.5倍,不宜饮用冷饮来解渴和降温。 相似文献
3.
浅析运动饮料 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
运动饮料是一种针对运动时能量消耗、机体内环境改变和细胞功能降低而研制的保健性饮品。它能在运动前、中和后为人体迅速补充水分、电解质和能量，有效地防止脱水，维持体液平衡和正常的生理功能，提高运动能力。运动饮料必须具有刺激饮用，加快胃排空和加速小肠吸收以及促进体液平衡的特点。虽然运动饮料在耐力性运动、间隙性运动和短时间大强度运动中应用的利弊尚有争议，但是，绝大部分研究还是肯定了运动饮料在运动实践中的积极作用。一个具有合理的糖浓度，多种糖的组合，适当的钠浓度，理想的糖钠比例，最佳的渗透压浓度和令人喜爱的口味的运动饮料，可及时地为肌肉、大脑和其他组织器官提供外源性糖能源，为维持体内的体液平衡和防止脱水提供水源。 相似文献
4.
补充苹果酸低聚糖饮料对自行车运动员有氧做功能力的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
摘要：苹果酸不仅是三羧酸循环的中间代谢产物．同时又是苹果酸天冬氨酸穿梭的组成部分．对促进有氧代谢起着重要的调节作用。研究观察苹果酸低聚糖饮料对公路自行车运动员力竭性运动及亚极量做功能力的影响。结果表明：补充低聚糖饮料和苹果酸一低聚糖饮料均可使运动至力竭的时间明显延长；补充苹果酸低聚糖饮料，在完成力竭性运动后乳酸恢复曲线参数b2明显低于补充前，曲线“变陡”；运动中血糖水平明显提高；亚极量运动后血清酶GOT和GPT的升高幅度明显低于低聚糖组。提示：补充苹果酸低聚糖饮料可使耐力运动员在力竭性运动后乳酸消除速率加快，维持长时间亚极量运动中的血糖稳定，有利于延缓运动中的疲劳出现。 相似文献
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目的:观察少年游泳运动员训练中补充"健身饮"糖饮料后能源物质代谢、运动成绩的变化,探讨运动中补糖对运动能力的影响,为训练中合理补糖提供理论依据.方法:温州体育运动学校10～11岁游泳运动员为研究对象.实验1,观察一次补糖训练后能源物质代谢及运动成绩变化.糖饮料浓度为6%,摄糖量为1.5 g/kg体重,安慰剂为同浓度的甜味剂.运动前后检测血清中BG、Bla、CH、TG、HDL、LDL、BUN浓度以及CK活力.实验2,观察不同糖量长期补充后对运动员能源物质代谢及运动成绩的影响.低糖组补糖1.0 g/kg体重,浓度为6%;高糖组补糖2.0 g/kg体重,浓度为6%.训练1个月后检测同实验1.结果:实验1服糖训练后血清BG、TG显著高于服安慰剂的同时间点,P<0.05,同时CH、HDL、BUN浓度显著低于服安慰剂同时间点,P<0.05;400 m自由泳成绩以及运动后Bla浓度也较服安慰剂时显著增高,P<0.05.实验2高糖组运动员BG浓度在60 min游泳后显著高于低糖组运动员,P<0.05.结论:10～11岁游泳运动员长时间运动时只有补充足够的外源性糖才能维持血糖水平;并且补糖可减少脂肪供能以及蛋白质的降解,有利于能量快速输出,提高运动成绩. 相似文献
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补充糖和/或肌酸对赛后血清肌酸激酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
8名男性足球运动员，按正交表L4(23)进行实验设计，进行关于糖、肌酸补充对足球运动员血清肌酸激酶活性影响的效果观察实验。A组仅补充空白饮料；B组每天补充20克肌酸；C组每天仅补充100克以低聚糖为主的饮料；D组同时补充肌酸和低聚糖饮料，补充方法同B、C组。连续补充5天。补充前后进行血清肌酸激酶浓度的测试。补充前测试时均喝空白饮料，补充后测试时补充相应饮料。测试前进行模拟现场比赛。模拟现场比赛分为两个半场，各45分钟，间隔15分钟。每个半场包15个3分钟的循环，测量每个半场后的血清肌酸激酶的浓度。结果表明：单独补充糖或肌酸，同时补充糖和肌酸均可使运动员赛后的即刻血清肌酸激酶活性显著下降，而且糖和肌酸同时补充效果好。提示同时补充糖、肌酸有利于足球运动员提高赛场竞技能力。 相似文献
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散打是一种以无氧代谢供能为主的运动，散打运动强度大，耗能多，对身体水分、糖和电解质的补充十分重要。通过对成都体育学院散打队运动员补液情况的问卷调查，研究补充水、糖、电解质的生理效应对散打运动能力的影响和水、糖、电解质的运动前、中、后的补充方法和原则。以期对散打运动员的补液有一个全新的认识，从而为运动员和教练员提供参考，提高运动员的训练水平和竞技能力。 相似文献
11.
A high ambient temperature reduces the capacity to perform prolonged exercise. Total carbohydrate oxidation is less, and thus glycogen depletion is not limiting. Fluid ingestion in the heat should, therefore, focus on maintenance of hydration status rather than on substrate provision. Six healthy males cycled to exhaustion at 60% of maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) with no drink, ingestion of a 15% carbohydrate-electrolyte drink (1.45 - 0.29 litres) or ingestion of a 2% carbohydrate-electrolyte drink (3.12 - 0.47 litres). The ambient temperature was 30.2 - 0.6°C (mean - s ), with a relative humidity of 71 - 1% and an air speed of approximately 0.7 m.s -1 on all trials. Weighted mean skin temperature, rectal temperature and heart rate were recorded and venous samples drawn for determination of plasma volume changes, blood metabolites, serum electrolytes and osmolality. Expired gas was collected to estimate rates of fuel oxidation. Exercise capacity was significantly ( P ? 0.05) different in all trials. The median (range) time to exhaustion was 70.9 min (39.4-97.4 min) in the no-drink trial, 84.0 min (62.7-145 min) in the 15% carbohydrate trial and 118 min (82.6-168 min) in the 2% carbohydrate trial. The 15% carbohydrate drink resulted in significantly ( P ? 0.05) elevated blood glucose and total carbohydrate oxidation compared with the no-drink trial. The 2% carbohydrate drink restored plasma volume to pre-exercise values by the end of exercise. No differences were observed in other thermoregulatory or cardiorespiratory responses between trials. These results suggest that fluid replacement with a large volume of a dilute carbohydrate drink is beneficial during exercise in the heat, but the precise mechanisms for the improved exercise capacity are unclear. 相似文献
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Ceri W. Nicholas Clyde Williams Henryk K.A. Lakomy Gary Phillips Andrea Nowitz 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):283-290
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of ingesting a carbohydrate‐electrolyte solution on endurance capacity during a prolonged intermittent, high‐intensity shuttle running test (PIHSRT). Nine trained male games players performed two exercise trials, 7 days apart. On each occasion, they completed 75 min exercise, comprising of five 15‐min periods of intermittent running, consisting of sprinting, interspersed with periods of jogging and walking (Part A), followed by intermittent running to fatigue (Part B). The subjects were randomly allocated either a 6.9% carbohydrate‐electrolyte solution (CHO) or a non‐carbohydrate placebo (CON) immediately prior to exercise (5 ml kg‐1 body mass) and every 15 min thereafter (2 ml kg‐1 body mass). Venous blood samples were obtained at rest, during and after each PIHSRT for the determination of glucose, lactate, plasma free fatty acid, glycerol, ammonia, and serum insulin and electrolyte concentrations. During Part B, the subjects were able to continue running longer when fed CHO (CHO = 8.9 ± 1.5 min vs CON = 6.7 ± 1.0 min; P < 0.05) (mean ± s.e.m.). These results show that drinking a carbohydrate‐electrolyte solution improves endurance running capacity during prolonged intermittent exercise. 相似文献
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Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ingesting a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution, during the 90-min Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test, on soccer skill performance. Seventeen male soccer players ingested either a 6.4% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution or placebo solution equivalent to 8 ml · kg?1 body mass before exercise and 3 ml · kg?1 body mass after every 15 min of exercise, in a double-blind randomized cross-over design, with the trials separated by 7 days. The evening before the main trial, the participants performed glycogen-reducing exercise on a cycle ergometer (80 min at 70%[Vdot]O2max) and were then fed a low-carbohydrate meal. After a 12-h overnight fast, they performed The Loughborough Soccer Passing Test before and after every 15 min of exercise. Analysis of the combined skill test data showed a significant time effect (P = 0.001) with differences between 0–45 and 75–90 min (P < 0.05). There was a 3% reduction in skill performance from before to after exercise in the carbohydrate-electrolyte trial, whereas in the placebo trial the decrease was 14% (P = 0.07). In conclusion, skill performance during the simulated soccer activity appeared to deteriorate in the last 15–30 min of exercise. However, providing 52 g · h?1 carbohydrate during exercise showed a tendency to better maintain soccer skill performance than a taste-matched placebo. 相似文献
14.
短时间力竭运动血清生长激素水平与血糖和血乳酸浓度相关性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
测定了男性大学生短时间力竭运动前后不同时刻血清GH、BG和LA的浓度。结果显示:短时间力竭运动后即刻BG浓度显著高于运动前安静值(P<0 01);运动后30min、运动后60min时BG浓度与安静值无显著性差异,运动后BG浓度呈恢复趋势;运动后即刻、运动后30min时血液LA水平显著高于运动前安静值(P<0 01),运动后60min时LA水平高于运动前安静值(P<0 05),呈恢复趋势;短时间力竭运动后血液LA浓度的变化与GH浓度的变化呈显著正相关(r=0 83,P<0 01)。研究认为,剧烈运动后血液LA水平与GH水平所表现出的相关性有可能是两者与运动强度的相关,安静时低BG所引起的GH分泌增多取决于中枢对BG代谢的利用性,而非血液BG水平。 相似文献
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Clarke ND Campbell IT Drust B Evans L Reilly T Maclaren DP 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(7):699-708
This study was designed to investigate the effect of ingesting a glucose plus fructose solution on the metabolic responses to soccer-specific exercise in the heat and the impact on subsequent exercise capacity. Eleven male soccer players performed a 90 min soccer-specific protocol on three occasions. Either 3 ml · kg(-1) body mass of a solution containing glucose (1 g · min(-1) glucose) (GLU), or glucose (0.66 g · min(-1)) plus fructose (0.33 g · min(-1)) (MIX) or placebo (PLA) was consumed every 15 minutes. Respiratory measures were undertaken at 15-min intervals, blood samples were drawn at rest, half-time and on completion of the protocol, and muscle glycogen concentration was assessed pre- and post-exercise. Following the soccer-specific protocol the Cunningham and Faulkner test was performed. No significant differences in post-exercise muscle glycogen concentration (PLA, 62.99 ± 8.39 mmol · kg wet weight(-1); GLU 68.62 ± 2.70; mmol · kg wet weight(-1) and MIX 76.63 ± 6.92 mmol · kg wet weight(-1)) or exercise capacity (PLA, 73.62 ± 8.61 s; GLU, 77.11 ± 7.17 s; MIX, 83.04 ± 9.65 s) were observed between treatments (P > 0.05). However, total carbohydrate oxidation was significantly increased during MIX compared with PLA (P < 0.05). These results suggest that when ingested in moderate amounts, the type of carbohydrate does not influence metabolism during soccer-specific intermittent exercise or affect performance capacity after exercise in the heat. 相似文献
16.
傅新宇 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2012,(5):120-123
目的：探讨长期的冬泳锻炼对中老年人血糖代谢的影响及其调节。方法：15名中老年冬泳锻炼者作为冬泳组,11名同年龄段无系统体育锻练的中老年人作为对照组,对空腹血糖、血清胰岛素和C肽含量进行比较。结果：与对照组相比较,冬泳组空腹血糖和血清胰岛素含量显著升高,而血清CP含量虽有升高趋势,但无显著性差异;与此同时,冬泳组ISI显著降低,而HOMA-IR显著升高。结论：在冬泳锻炼期间,中老年人可能产生一定程度的胰岛素抵抗,从而引起血糖浓度的增加。 相似文献
17.
A high ambient temperature reduces the capacity to perform prolonged exercise. Total carbohydrate oxidation is less, and thus glycogen depletion is not limiting. Fluid ingestion in the heat should, therefore, focus on maintenance of hydration status rather than on substrate provision. Six healthy males cycled to exhaustion at 60% of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) with no drink, ingestion of a 15% carbohydrate-electrolyte drink (1.45+/-0.29 litres) or ingestion of a 2% carbohydrate-electrolyte drink (3.12+/-0.47 litres). The ambient temperature was 30.2+/-0.6 degrees C (mean +/- s), with a relative humidity of 71+/-1% and an air speed of approximately 0.7 m x s(-1) on all trials. Weighted mean skin temperature, rectal temperature and heart rate were recorded and venous samples drawn for determination of plasma volume changes, blood metabolites, serum electrolytes and osmolality. Expired gas was collected to estimate rates of fuel oxidation. Exercise capacity was significantly (P < 0.05) different in all trials. The median (range) time to exhaustion was 70.9 min (39.4-97.4 min) in the no-drink trial, 84.0 min (62.7-145 min) in the 15% carbohydrate trial and 118 min (82.6-168 min) in the 2% carbohydrate trial. The 15% carbohydrate drink resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) elevated blood glucose and total carbohydrate oxidation compared with the no-drink trial. The 2% carbohydrate drink restored plasma volume to pre-exercise values by the end of exercise. No differences were observed in other thermoregulatory or cardiorespiratory responses between trials. These results suggest that fluid replacement with a large volume of a dilute carbohydrate drink is beneficial during exercise in the heat, but the precise mechanisms for the improved exercise capacity are unclear. 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of post-exercise ingestion of a unique, high molecular weight glucose polymer solution, known to augment gastric emptying and post-exercise muscle glycogen re-synthesis, on performance during a subsequent bout of intense exercise. On three randomized visits, eight healthy men cycled to exhaustion at 73.0% (s = 1.3) maximal oxygen uptake (90 min, s = 15). Immediately after this, participants consumed a one-litre solution containing sugar-free flavoured water (control), 100 g of a low molecular weight glucose polymer or 100 g of a very high molecular weight glucose polymer, and rested on a bed for 2 h. After recovery, a 15-min time-trial was performed on a cycle ergometer, during which work output was determined. Post-exercise ingestion of the very high molecular weight glucose polymer solution resulted in faster and greater increases in blood glucose (P < 0.001) and serum insulin (P < 0.01) concentrations than the low molecular weight glucose polymer solution, and greater work output during the 15-min time-trial (164.1 kJ, s = 21.1) than both the sugar-free flavoured water (137.5 kJ, s = 24.2; P < 0.05) and the low molecular weight glucose polymer (149.4 kJ, s = 21.8; P < 0.05) solutions. These findings could be of practical importance for athletes wishing to optimize performance by facilitating rapid re-synthesis of the muscle glycogen store during recovery following prolonged sub-maximal exercise. 相似文献
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Nine male student games players consumed either flavoured water (0.1 g carbohydrate, Na+ 6 mmol x l(-1)), a solution containing 6.5% carbohydrate-electrolytes (6.5 g carbohydrate, Na+ 21 mmol x l(-1)) or a taste placebo (Na+ 2 mmol x l(-1)) during an intermittent shuttle test performed on three separate occasions at an ambient temperature of 30 degrees C (dry bulb). The test involved five 15-min sets of repeated cycles of walking and variable speed running, each separated by a 4-min rest (part A of the test), followed by 60 s run/60 s rest until exhaustion (part B of the test). The participants drank 6.5 ml x kg(-1) of fluid as a bolus just before exercise and thereafter 4.5 ml x kg(-1) during every exercise set and rest period (19 min). There was a trial order effect. The total distance completed by the participants was greater in trial 3 (8441 +/- 873 m) than in trial 1 (6839 +/- 512, P < 0.05). This represented a 19% improvement in exercise capacity. However, the trials were performed in a random counterbalanced order and the participants completed 8634 +/- 653 m, 7786 +/- 741 m and 7099 +/- 647 m in the flavoured water (FW), placebo (P) and carbohydrate-electrolyte (CE) trials, respectively (P = 0.08). Sprint performance was not different between the trials but was impaired over time (FW vs P vs CE: set 1, 2.41 +/- 0.02 vs 2.39 +/- 0.03 vs 2.39 +/- 0.03 s; end set, 2.46 +/- 0.03 vs 2.47 +/- 0.03 vs 2.47 +/- 0.02 s; main effect time, P < 0.01). The rate of rise in rectal temperature was greater in the carbohydrate-electrolyte trial (rise in rectal temperature/duration of trial, degrees C x h(-1); FW vs CE, P < 0.05; P vs CE, N.S.). Blood glucose concentrations were higher in the carbohydrate-electrolyte than in the other two trials (FW vs P vs CE:rest, 4.4 +/- 0.1 vs 4.3 +/- 0.1 vs 4.2 +/- 0.1 mmol x l(-1); end of exercise, 5.4 +/- 0.3 vs 6.4 +/- 0.6 vs 7.2 +/- 0.5 mmol x l(-1); main effect trial, P < 0.05; main effect time, P < 0.01). Plasma free fatty acid concentrations at the end of exercise were lower in the carbohydrate-electrolyte trial than in the other two trials (FW vs P vs CE: 0.57 +/- 0.08 vs 0.53 +/- 0.11 vs 0.29 +/- 0.04 mmol x l(-1); interaction, P < 0.01). The correlation between the rate of rise in rectal temperature (degrees C x h(-1)) and the distance completed was -0.91, -0.92 and -0.96 in the flavoured water, placebo and carbohydrate-electrolyte conditions, respectively (P < 0.01). Heart rate, blood pressure, plasma ammonia, blood lactate, plasma volume and rate of perceived exertion were not different between the three fluid trials. Although drinking the carbohydrate-electrolyte solution induced greater metabolic changes than the flavoured water and placebo solutions, it is unlikely that in these unacclimated males carbohydrate availability was a limiting factor in the performance of intermittent running in hot environmental conditions. 相似文献
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This study examined the effects of combined glucose and sodium bicarbonate ingestion prior to intermittent exercise. Ninemales (mean ± s age 25.4 ± 6.6 years, body mass 78.8 ± 12.0 kg, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max)) 47.0 ± 7 ml · kg · min(-1)) undertook 4 × 45 min intermittent cycling trials including 15 × 10 s sprints one hour after ingesting placebo (PLA), glucose (CHO), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or a combined CHO and NaHCO3 solution (COMB). Post ingestion blood pH (7.45 ± 0.03, 7.46 ± 0.03, 7.32 ± 0.05, 7.32 ± 0.01) and bicarbonate (30.3 ± 2.1, 30.7 ± 1.8, 24.2 ± 1.2, 24.0 ± 1.8 mmol · l(-1)) were greater for NaHCO3 and COMB when compared to PLA and CHO, remaining elevated throughout exercise (main effect for trial; P < 0.05). Blood lactate concentration was greatest throughout exercise for NaHCO3 and COMB (main effect for trial; P < 0.05). Blood glucose concentration was greatest 15 min post-ingestion for CHO followed by COMB, NaHCO3 and PLA (7.13 ± 0.60, 5.58 ± 0.75, 4.51 ± 0.56, 4.46 ± 0.59 mmol · l(-1), respectively; P < 0.05). Gastrointestinal distress was lower during COMB compared to NaHCO3 at 15 min post-ingestion (P < 0.05). No differences were observed for sprint performance between trials (P = 1.00). The results of this study suggest that a combined CHO and NaHCO3 beverage reduced gastrointestinal distress and CHO availability but did not improve performance. Although there was no effect on performance an investigation of the effects in more highly trained individuals may be warranted. 相似文献