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It has been a long debate between the semantic relativists and the semantic universalists. The relativity semanticists believe that there are as many conceptual systems as there are languages, while the universal semanticists hold the view that language is a single conceptual system. Color words are frequently adopted as an evidence or counter-evidence. In the paper, the four English color words"white, black, green, red"will be contrasted with those of Chinese"白,黑,绿,红". Through the contrast, a tentative conclusion is drawn that the weak version of the semantic universality is probably more acceptable. 相似文献
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三、CAT中对的估计(一)MLE(极大似然估计法)假设一个能力水平为θ的被试对n道项目X_1,X_2,…,X_n作答。θ的估计可以通过使(8)式所示的似然函数最大化的方式来得到。令(?)_n为此时所得的θ估计。显然(?)_n也是(9)式的极大似然估计。已知在一定的条件下,(?)_n符合渐进正态,其均值为θ,方差近似为I~(-1)_n((?)_n)。目前的CAT设计大多通过递归方式在被试回答一个新的项目之后得到最新的θ估计,并根据信息最大化法抽取下一个项目。 相似文献
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Language transfer is one of the areas that have received special attention in the research of third language(L3).This paper focus es on the transfer of syntax from first language(L1) and second language(L2) in the early stage of third language acquisition(TLA).It aims at finding out whether L1 or L2 is the main source of transfer and trying to account for this phenomenon in light of typology and psy chotypology theories.A story telling task is used among 8 university students who have Chinese,English and French as L1,L2 and L3.The findings indicate that although both L1 Chinese and L2 English exert influence on L3 French production in the form of transfer,more L2 transfer occurs due to the typological and psychotypological similarity between L2 English and L3 French.The results confirm previous studies on the important roles of typological and psychotypological similarity in determining the source of transfer in a multilin gual’s language production.Some pedagogical implications of the findings are also discussed. 相似文献
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Second language Learners’ awareness of the native-target language "distance" was said to be included in the constraints of language transfer,i.e.whether or not learners actually transfer a form can depend in part on the degree that learners establish a similarity between the two languages in form and psychology.This paper aims to explore the roles that formal similarity and psychological similarity playing upon language transfer and the detailed relationship between them each other,by analyzing the data coming from two cases where Chinese students’ acquiring Japanese and English,so as to provide a scientific experimental basis for better understanding of language transfer and higher efficiency of second language learning. 相似文献
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This paper is a corpus-driven study on the semantic prosody of DOG within English and Chinese culture through comparison of the Freiburg-LOB Corpus of British(FLOB) and the Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese(LCMC).It examines the overall distributions and frequencies of DOG with positive,negative,and neutral prosodies.The results reveal the semantic prosody of DOG both in British culture and Chinese culture,as well as the differences between them. 相似文献
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In this essay,the lexical competence in communication is discussed first of all,then semantic fields theory is elaborated followedby its implication for vocabulary teaching.From this paper,some information could be acquired. 相似文献
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The Great Gatsby is one of the most American outstanding works and it is the representative of the"Lost Generation". The language of the work also is very excellent and attributes to the work’s success. In this paper, I will show the style, lexical feature and grammatical feature of the Great Gatsby’s language. From the three aspects of the language, we can obviously know the reason why it is the most famous work of America. 相似文献
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Presupposition is widely studied in the field of linguistics nowadays while it was firstly put forward in philosophy.Early study ex amined it from semantic approach,which treated it as the relation between two propositions.In 1970s,it was found presupposition was also a pragmatic concept,which held that presupposition varied with context.The author holds that semantic approach can’t solve all the com plex problems while it’s the basic part about the issue.Only through the pragmatic approach can we study it dynamically. 相似文献
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The successful cross-culture communication lies in not only good master of foreign language,but also profound understanding about the cultural differences between the mother language and the target language.Moreover,the neat management over this knowledge in the real cross-culture communication is also necessary.So in this paper,the contrast between Chinese and English language together with culture is presented.We should not only see the differences between them,but also find the similarities. 相似文献
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This paper aims at elaborating on the semantics. The concept of hyponymy is mentioned first. Then the concept of semantic fields is mentioned. In order to make a comparison between hyponymy and semantic fields, there are some examples in the paper. 相似文献
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针对信息集成中的语义异构问题,提出了一个基于本体的语义信息集成模型OSII,并给出了逻辑框架.OSII采用混和本体方式建模,以OWL描述本体,通过局部本体与全局本体之间的映射获得多源统一视图.提出了一种基于树结构的多策略本体映射算法,该算法包含4个步骤,即预处理,名称映射,子树映射和映射矫正.其特点在于:按照数据类型分类进行映射,并采用启发式规则,提高映射效率;同时考虑概念的语言相似性和结构相似性,提高相似度计算的准确性;采用迭代矫正,最终得到正确而完整的映射对.通过一个挑战性的实例说明了算法的有效性.OSII能很好地解决信息集成中的语义异构难点,实现多信息源之间的互操作. 相似文献
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一种对语义网上本体查询和检索的新方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对语义网信息检索中存在的问题,提出了一个基于语义索引词的语义网信息检索模型SIR(semantic information retrieval).其核心思想是将领域本体转换成全局本体,并从全局本体中提取语义索引词.通过语义索引词进行语义推理,可得概念的逻辑视图.SIR通过语义索引词间的语义关系对网络资源进行检索,解决了在传统的基于关键字的信息检索中只能从句法上对关键字进行分析,无法根据信息资源中的语义关系进行检索的问题.最后分析了SIR的可用性,证明了SIR可极大地提高语义网上信息检索的查全率和查准率. 相似文献
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自适应服务组合中基于语义相似度及面向任务的服务发现算法(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了实现自适应和高效的Web服务组合, 提出了一种面向任务的服务发现算法. 将传统的服务组合过程划分为语义上的发现和功能上的匹配, 并将任务作为操作对象, 利用语义相似度从候选服务中寻找与给定任务相匹配的服务, 并生成对应的TWC图, 同时针对新服务设计更新算法. 将该方法应用到服务组合模型中, 搜索TWC图以得到一条最优的路径作为服务组合结果输出, 并能在服务失效时做出实时的更新以完成服务请求. 实验结果证明了算法的可行性和有效性, 也表明当最大搜索半径取2时, 服务数量和质量之间可达到平衡. 相似文献
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汪志云 《广东技术师范学院学报》2011,(6)
在讨论Web使用挖掘在网络学习中的应用过程中,提出一种改进的基于向量的聚类算法.在算法中,首先以学习站点的URL为行、以UserID为列建立页面用户关联矩阵,元素值为学习者的访问次数,然后使用欧氏距离进行度量向量之间的相似性,对列向量进行相似性分析得到相似学习者群体,对行向量进行相似性度量获得相关Web页面.分析表明,Web使用挖掘在网络学习中的应用是可行、有效的. 相似文献
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为解决集中式服务发现结构存在的性能瓶颈问题,基于领域本体语义信息,提出一种能自适应地调整领域划分、分配系统资源的分布式web服务发现体系结构,并分析了该结构的可扩展性、自组织性和自适应性.具体描述了该结构下的语义web服务发现算法的2个阶段:语义注册中心定位和基于输入输出的服务匹配.在注册中心组成的平衡树拓扑结构中,注册代理能够快速将请求转发至目标注册中心,避免产生性能瓶颈.然后,通过引入一种新的基于语义距离的服务匹配算法来进行服务查询效果优化.模拟实验结果表明:提出的服务发现方法具有高可扩展性的优点;与其他服务查询算法相比,服务匹配算法具有更高的查全率和查准率. 相似文献
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设计中文网页聚类系统是为了便于从动态Web文本集中快速、有效地挖掘知识。该系统以经典聚类算法为基础,通过比较网页相似度,将相似度高的网页聚合,并提交用户界面显示。通过应用模糊数学中的不确定度,表达了样本类属不同的模糊性,从而更为真实地反映客观情况,改善了以往确定归属某一类的不完整信息收集,结果更具客观性。 相似文献
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为了满足基于Web的XML数据信息的近似搜索、数据挖掘、信息分类以及数据交换的需求,分析了XML文档相似性度量方法一集合度量方法、线性度量方法和代价度量方法。提出基于权重代价的机器学习的XML文档相似性度量算法。实验表明该算法扩展了XML文档查询范围,提高了文档的查全率和查准率。 相似文献
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随着Internet信息的迅速增长,快速而有效地查找网络信息成为获取网络信息的基础.为了实现高效查找web服务,提出一种基于语义的三阶段匹配算法,首先对web服务进行基于关键字的分类筛选,然后实现web服务基于语义的功能匹配,最后实现web服务的非功能匹配.实践证明,该算法能够提高web服务匹配效率. 相似文献