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1.
注意缺陷多动障碍（简称ADHD）是一种发展性的异常,ADHD儿童常表现出与年龄不相符的不专注、多动、冲动、情绪及行为异常。在全纳教育思潮的推动下,ADHD儿童在普通教育体系接受教育应是必然的事实。生态系统理论认为个体的发展来自于个体与环境的互动过程,因此本文在回顾了相关文献的基础上总结出了在学校范围内直接针对个体行为进行干预和通过改善教学环境相结合的综合干预方法,包括教学设计、课堂环境设置、家长培训、行为干预和社交关系训练等。希望能给我国广大的普通教师以借鉴。 相似文献
2.
从特征、鉴别方法以及干预等方面综述了国外学习障碍超常儿童的研究进展.目前主要鉴别方法有智力分测验分析以及学业成绩和智力水平差异分析.日常生活评估和游戏评估是学龄前学习障碍超常儿童鉴别的有效方法.使用多种方法对多种能力进行评估可以提高鉴别准确性.在培养优势能力的过程中减少障碍是有效的教学方法.其他有效方法还包括形成知识网络结构和使用辅助工具.学习障碍超常儿童社会交往和情感需要值得关注.目前研究存在的主要问题有缺乏一致的学习障碍超常儿童能力剖面图,在主要鉴别方法上和超常儿童选拔的智商标准上也存在争议.文末探讨了对我国学习障碍超常儿童研究和教育的启示. 相似文献
3.
中国超常教育的发展历程及启示——未来呼唤"双超常教育" 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
高级创新人才的质量决定中国在未来社会发展中的坐标位置,超常教育成为国家精英教育的载体.人们对超常儿童的认识经历了神童--超常儿童--资优儿童等发展过程,跨越了神童教育--天才教育--资优教育阶段;以陶行知和沈亦珍为代表的先驱者从整合儒家精英教育和西方民主教育理念角度,尝试构建富有中国特色的现代超常教育理论.伴随新中国改革开放三十年的巨大成就--初步形成中国现代超常教育体系.但亦存在超常教育资源匮乏、教育立法等问题.据此,必须树立正确的超常儿章成才观,重视人才富矿,为超常儿童提供适合其身心特征的个别化教育服务;并给予政策支持和法律保障;扩大超常教育范围,促进城乡超常教育一体化,大力推进双超常教育新理念. 相似文献
4.
注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是一种常见的儿童行为障碍,主要表现为注意力分散、活动过多和冲动行为。本文基于家庭动力学理论,对ADHD的病因、治疗和干预研究现状以及家庭开展的干预措施进行总结,为今后注意缺陷多动障碍儿童在家庭治疗和干预方面提供依据。 相似文献
5.
PASS理论在ADHD儿童评估与干预中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从PASS理论的角度出发,分析论述了不同亚型的ADHD儿童在不同的认知加工过程中所存在缺陷注意缺陷型ADHD儿童在选择性注意过程中存在缺陷,而多动-冲动型ADHD儿童在计划过程中存在缺陷.因此,对于此类儿童的干预和矫治应当根据其特殊的认知过程缺陷采取不同的策略,从而提高其认知加工能力. 相似文献
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文章从行为管理、同伴干预计划、课堂管理策略等方面详细阐述了国外如何在学校环境中对ADHD儿童进行教育干预,并指出目前ADHD干预研究的不足及研究方向。 相似文献
7.
对超常儿童的教育,家庭、学校、社会都负有责任.国家应该成立专门的机构负责对超常儿童的鉴别和教育;家庭学校的地位应得到法律支持承认;相关部门应该制定相关配套措施.使其教学更完善. 相似文献
8.
三、鉴别的内容和方法 鉴别的内容是与人们对超常儿童的认识相一致的.目前我国各类超常教育实验班鉴别超常儿童时采取的内容和方法主要有: 相似文献
9.
《绵阳师范学院学报》2019,(5):89-94
注意缺陷多动障碍(attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童因不良的生活习惯、环境接触等因素引起的超重肥胖和营养缺乏等问题,使其产生了严重的健康隐患.本文从ADHD儿童共患肥胖的风险性和危害性,产生ADHD儿童超重肥胖的行为因素(饮食习惯和身体活动),以及ADHD共患肥胖的可能机制三个方面进行综述,并展望了将来研究的两个热点问题:一是与ADHD患儿相关的健康管理将逐渐得到患儿家庭和医务人员的重视作为治疗ADHD的辅助方法之一;二是相关研究将进一步阐释ADHD和肥胖共患的可能生理病理机制.该文旨在为积极改善ADHD患儿的营养缺乏状况和有效控制ADHD患儿超重肥胖的发生提供有益的参考. 相似文献
10.
本研究将教育评价的方法应用于儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍(简称AD-HD)早期筛查与干预,目的是提高ADHD儿童早期筛查与干预的实效性,更好地帮助ADHD儿童改善注意力问题,使其更好地适应学习及发展的需要。早期筛查主要采用诊断性评价的方法,分成正常组和问题儿童组,采用以我中心自主研发并获国家专利的"育源全脑开发多功能学具"及心理教育系列课程为载体实施干预,结果用t检验对干预前后所测数据进行分析,正常组ADHD儿童P0.01,问题组AD儿童P0.01,说明干预后达到了显著水平。问题组HD儿童P0.05,虽未达到显著水平,但从前后所测对照图中可以看出:均有改善。 相似文献
11.
超常儿童的形成是大脑功能的天赋与后天学习相互作用的结果，并且是与儿童个性品质形成和发展相辅相成的。学业超前发展的儿童并非一定智力超常。我们要把智力超常儿童鉴别出来。采取了如下分析方法：（1）用相关分析去研究入学各类测验与学习成就之间的关系；（2）用模糊聚类的方法，研究超常班学生入学时的选拔的整齐程度，研究学生在四年中发展水平的整齐程度及分化的情况。得到的结论是：（1）入学鉴别中，有关能力方面的测验成绩与教育过程中成。测验有较密切的关系，常常达到显著相关水平。（2）由于。学学生智力水平相似，有关智力的测验成绩与教育过程中成就测验成绩多数相关很低，这说明教育过程中的分化的主要原因不在于智力的差异。（3）入学鉴别中，创造力的测验，与高年级难度较高的学科成就测验成绩有显著的相关的趋势。（4）个性与学习成就测验相关，情况很不一致，这与教育过程中的观察结果一致，有些班的主要问题是个性上的差异，有的班则不是。 相似文献
12.
Gifted children and adolescents can display behavioral characteristics similar to those exhibited by children and adolescents who have been diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), leading to potential issues with misdiagnosis. The overlapping characteristics between giftedness and ADHD are often seen as anecdotal or to only exist in theory, such as that explained by Dabrowski's theory of positive disintegration and his notion of overexcitabilities. There is a paucity of empirical data to support this perceived relationship between ADHD and overexcitabilities. This study provides empirical support for a relationship between ADHD and overexcitabilities within a sample of gifted adolescents. Implications are discussed. 相似文献
13.
Ayelet Baram‐Tsabari 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(15):2097-2100
Children with mild developmental disorders sometimes show giftedness. In this study, an original checklist was developed to identify gifted characteristics specific to science learning among twice‐exceptional primary school children in Japan. The checklist consisted of 60 items on Attitudes, Thinking, Skills, and Knowledge/Understanding. A total of 86 children from eight primary schools in an urban area in Japan, 50% of whom had Learning Disabilities (LD), Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and/or High‐functioning Autism (HA), were observed using the checklist. Factor analysis revealed three factors. A cluster analysis with the subscale points of each factor identified three “gifted styles” in science. These were: (1) Spontaneous Style; (2) Expert Style; and (3) Solid Style. LD/ADHD/HA children characteristically displayed a Spontaneous Style while the non‐ LD/ADHD/HA children were characterized by the Solid Style. In both subject groups, the number of Expert Style children was the lowest with no significant difference in their numbers. Based on the results of this research, this paper discusses the implications of the findings for teaching science to twice‐exceptional children and argues the benefits of inclusive science education for children with and without mild developmental disorders. 相似文献
14.
Ting Tao 《High Ability Studies》2018,29(1):23-35
The education of gifted children is of considerable interest. The present study focused on the effect of enriched education on intellectually gifted children’s attention. In the present study, 7–12-year-old children completed seven tests of attention (alertness, focused attention, divided attention, attentional switching, sustained attention, spatial attention, and supervisory attention) to investigate the differences among intellectually gifted children under different educational environments. The results showed that intellectually gifted children who received enriched education had better attentional performance than did intellectually gifted children who received standard education. The result affords theoretical support for gifted-education practice. 相似文献
15.
School psychologists in today's schools have the unique opportunity—and responsibility—to guide identification for gifted programs. “Who is gifted?” remains a perennial question in the gifted education literature, not answered by group intelligence screeners that purportedly level the playing field for all. As the student body grows more diverse, there is increasing necessity to ensure that all students have equal access to gifted programs. Failure to identify and develop the advanced abilities of gifted children who are culturally diverse, economically deprived, highly gifted, or twice exceptional is justifiably viewed as a civil rights violation. The National Association for Gifted Children's 2018 position statement, “Use of the WISC-V for Gifted and Twice Exceptional Identification,” offers important considerations for identifying the gifted. Based on a national research study of 390 gifted children on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V), the statement recommends that the traditional practice of mandating Full Scale intelligence quotient scores be abandoned. Instead, it embraces the use of any one of six expanded index scores that are better measures of abstract reasoning for selecting students for gifted provisions. As gifted children are oftentimes asynchronous, alternate index scores are less biased and better able to document the strengths of all gifted children. What is learned from the WISC-V can be applied by school psychologists to improve the choice of comprehensive individual intelligence tests, brief intelligence tests, and the body of evidence gifted children must exhibit. 相似文献
16.
We hypothesized that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) would underperform on neuropsychological tests that are sensitive to executive function impairments. We further proposed that a linear discriminant analysis using behavioral and neuropsychological variables as dependent variables would pinpoint the capability of behavioral questionnaires and neuropsychological tests to predict the correct classification of ADHD and control children. We designed a transversal study with 62 seven- to twelve-year-old children with ADHD and 62 Full Scale IQ-matched controls using two behavioral scales and 13 neuropsychological tests. Using analysis of variance and covariance with age and school achievement and multifactor analysis of variance, we found that behavioral variables established robust, statistically significant differences between groups (p < .001). Children with ADHD scored worse than controls on 31 out of 61 neuropsychological variables. Children with ADHD, however, obtained better scores that were statistically significant on WISC-R Comprehension and Picture completion. A linear discriminant analysis with nine behavioral variables correctly classified 100% of the participants in both groups. Another linear discriminant analysis using 10 neuropsychological variables correctly classified 85.48% of the participants in both groups. We propose a core battery of selected tests for assessing children with ADHD. The significance of cross-cultural analyses of different developmental disturbances is emphasized. 相似文献
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18.
When George A. Roeper enlisted the aid of Dr. A. Harry Passow and other leaders in the field to help George convert his Michigan independent school to focus on gifted children in 1956, there was only one other elementary school in the country at the time devoted exclusively to gifted child education. Though his wife and school cofounder, Annemarie, later became quite well known in the field, George also wrote and spoke extensively about gifted children and their education. Those writings and speeches were rarely published but have been preserved in The Roeper School Archives. In this first in-depth examination, George’s writings display insight and prescience about the challenges and rewards of educating gifted children, touching on problems that still preoccupy the field, such as inclusive identification and motivation, all rooted in his humanistic point of view. 相似文献
19.
Adam Winsler Deepti Gupta Karkhanis Yoon Kyong Kim Jerome Levitt 《The Urban Review》2013,45(4):416-447
Although it is well established that Black male students are underrepresented in gifted educational programs in the United States, due to a scarcity of longitudinal prospective research, little is known about the protective factors at the child, family, and school level that increase the probability of Black male students being identified as gifted during early elementary school. Using data from the Miami School Readiness Project, we followed 6,926 low-income Black males from preschool through 5th grade to describe trajectories for the 453 Black males (6.5 %) who were identified as gifted, and examined child, family, and preschool variables associated with gifted classification. Boys were most commonly identified as gifted in first and second grade, and 15 % of the identified boys did not appear to be receiving gifted courses. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that being classified as gifted in early elementary school was more likely for Black males who (a) attended public school pre-K programs at age four, (b) had higher cognitive, language, fine motor, behavioral, and emergent literacy school readiness skills before entering kindergarten, (c) spoke a language other than English at home, (d) were older upon entering kindergarten, (e) received higher grades in school, and (f) scored higher on standardized tests of math and reading. Predictors of gifted identification in the kindergarten year were different and weaker compared to identification in later years. Implications for early identification and intervention for talented Black males are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Christine Marvin 《Roeper Review》2013,35(1):25-33
Numerous projects funded by the Jacob K. Javits Gifted and Talented Students Education Act in 1989 contributed to answering important questions in the field of gifted education. However, little evaluation has examined how their findings are used or linked to current educational practices. This pilot‐study followed up on 18 students, identified as potentially gifted during the 1992 Javits‐sponsored Nebraska Project which used a teacher observation protocol. This follow‐up study examined the students' current status in gifted education programs, academic performance, and social/behavioral attributes, and the stability of the attributes associated with able/creative students over the past five‐year period. Results indicate a continued use of traditional identification practices in the school districts studied, and a presence of underachieving behaviors in students believed to be gifted during the Nebraska Project but not recognized as such currently by their school districts. The attributes associated with able/creative students in 1992, however, were found to be stable over the five year period. Results are discussed in light of the paradigm shift in gifted education practices and possible suggestions for reducing perpetual research‐practice gaps. 相似文献