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1.
John Newell David Higgins Niall Madden James Cruickshank Jochen Einbeck Kenny McMillan 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1403-1409
Abstract Blood lactate markers are used as summary measures of the underlying model of an athlete's blood lactate response to increasing work rate. Exercise physiologists use these endurance markers, typically corresponding to a work rate in the region of high curvature in the lactate curve, to predict and compare endurance ability. A short theoretical background of the commonly used markers is given and algorithms provided for their calculation. To date, no free software exists that allows the sports scientist to calculate these markers. In this paper, software is introduced for precisely this purpose that will calculate a variety of lactate markers for an individual athlete, an athlete at different instants (e.g. across a season), and simultaneously for a squad. 相似文献
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Jacob T. Bonafiglia Laura J. Sawula 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2018,22(1):38-47
The purpose of this study was to determine if the counting talk test can be used to discern whether an individual is exercising above or at/below maximal lactate steady state. Twenty-two participants completed VO2peak and counting talk test incremental step tests followed by an endurance test at 65% of work rate at VO2peak (WRVO2peak). The change in relative count time during endurance exercise decreased in those exercising above maximal lactate steady state only (p < .01); however, this change was less than 1 second. Despite a significant correlation during the incremental step test, large changes in counting talk test performance and blood lactate concentration occurred at different points and there was considerable inter-individual variability in counting talk test performance at a given blood lactate concentration. These results suggest that the counting talk test cannot discern whether an individual is exercising above maximal lactate steady state and that it cannot be used to accurately prescribe intensities targeting specific blood lactate concentrations. 相似文献
3.
Due to endurance exercise-induced increases of the cardiac biomarkers troponin and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), which are usually elevated in patients with acute myocardial infarction and heart failure and used in clinical practice as diagnostic tools in these diseases, the clinical and sportsmedical relevance of these exercise-induced increases was unclear. Therefore, the aim was to examine this topic systematically by consecutive studies. Considering the acute effects of endurance exercise, an intensity- and duration-dependent short-term elevation could be demonstrated in the majority of healthy athletes without pathological relevance. Considering the chronic effects of endurance exercise it could be shown that regular and competitive endurance exercise training induces an athlete??s heart with harmonic eccentric hypertrophy of the left and right ventricle, which also is not of pathological relevance. In conclusion it can be assumed from the results of these studies that acute and chronic endurance exercise is not harmful for the healthy heart. 相似文献
4.
血乳酸是评价训练负荷强度和专项训练要求最行之有效的指标,训练时测定乳酸值的变化,可以掌握运动强度和训练过程中代谢能力的变化。通过对黑龙江省优秀短道速滑运动员在冰期训练中血乳酸的监控,发现黑龙江省短道速滑运动员在冰期某些有氧耐力训练后的血乳酸偏低,未达到训练效果;在无氧耐力的训练手段中,某些手段处于混氧训练阶段,未能有效提高运动员的无氧能力。整体看短道速滑冰期训练的乳酸值趋势偏低,在今后训练中应进行严格的血乳酸监控,随时调整训练负荷,以使训练达到有效的目的。 相似文献
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运动后乳酸清除率与运动能力的关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
测定中跑运动员、足球运动员和常人在800m全力跑后的血乳酸浓度、乳酸清除率和心率恢复率，研究无氧运动能力与最高乳酸值、心率恢复率与乳酸清除率之间的关系。结果发现：运动员的无氧耐力成绩和运动后5min血乳酸值呈显著负相关；中跑运动员较足球运动员和常人有更强的产生乳酸能力和更高的乳酸清除率；心率的恢复速度较乳酸清除率更快。说明良好的产生乳酸能力是无氧耐力成绩的重要因素，良好的乳酸清除率有利于乳酸的清除和运动后的恢复，同时运动后的心率恢复率并不能反映体内乳酸的清除情况。 相似文献
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运用血乳酸浓度对吉林省优秀男子短道速滑运动员训练强度的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对吉林省优秀短道速滑运动员在年训练周期中血乳酸的监控，探讨其训练强度的合理性。采用检测运动员运动后即刻的血乳酸并以此反映运动强度的现场测试方法。结果显示，运动员在冰期速度耐力训练后即刻的血乳酸浓度偏高，非冰期速度耐力训练后的血乳酸浓度偏低；冰期一般耐力(有氧耐力)训练后的血乳酸偏高，非冰期有氧耐力训练后的血乳酸偏低。结论：在提高速度耐力的训练手段中，运动强度安排不合理，导致了运动员的速度耐力不足，调整训练强度是今后训练方法中的重点。 相似文献
8.
女子手球运动员无氧耐力的监控与评定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目的:探讨女子手球运动员无氧耐力的监控和评价意义,方法:测试女子手球运动员(12名,上海女子手球队)的无氧代谢能力,对心率和血乳酸进行统计分析,在训练和比赛中分析和应用;结果:针对场上位置不同,用心率来控制运动员的最大乳酸训练和耐乳酸训练,通过训练以达到峰值心率为评价标准,监测运动后心率以观察恢复情况;结论:对女子手球运动员训练疲劳和消除共性规律和个性特点进行了系统研究,并把无氧功和心率联系起来以控制训练的强度,从而提高运动员在比赛中的身体素质。 相似文献
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D. A. Cardinale 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(13):1515-1522
Recent technological developments have made it possible to use hyperoxia as an enhancement aid during training. Athletes wearing a mask can breathe a higher fraction of oxygen from a stationary or portable apparatus while exercising. A large body of evidence indicates that the oxygen transport capacity, lactate metabolism, power output and work tolerance (endurance) are improved when breathing hyperoxia. The physiological mechanisms underlying these performance improvements, although still not fully elucidated, are based on higher oxygen delivery and reduced central fatigue. Although much is known about the acute effects of hyperoxia, the effect of hyperoxic-supplemented endurance training on performance and the mechanisms beneath training adaptations are not very well understood, especially in well-trained endurance athletes. The few studies on the physiological effects of hyperoxia training have been conducted with conflicting results, discussed in this paper. Potential detrimental effects have not yet been shown experimentally and warrant further investigation. 相似文献
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运用文献资料、调查、测试和数理统计法,对我国优秀女子3000米障碍跑运动员的专项素质主导因素和典型指标特征进行综合分析,结论：女子3000m障碍跑运动员专项素质主导因素地位依次为速度耐力因子、一般耐力因子、下肢爆发力因子、速度因子,典型指标为1500m跑、5000m跑、立定三级跳、100m跑。 相似文献
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Hiking physiology and the "quasi-isometric" concept 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Spurway NC 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(10):1081-1093
The literature indicates that the heart rate of a planing-dinghy sailor, in winds of 4 - 5 m . s(-1), is in the range seen in aerobic athletes, yet oxygen consumption (VO(2)) is roughly half that of the same individual cycling at that heart rate. Thus, although upper-body dynamic activity is a contributing factor, the dominant physiological demand must be the "quasi-isometric" stress on the lower-body anterior muscles - especially the quadriceps, which appears to impose 40 - 50% of the total oxygen demand in a typical hiking posture. Therefore, a non-trivial part of the sailor's fitness training should involve sustained quadriceps stress. Estimates of this stress on water vary widely in the literature, but about 25 - 30% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) tallies with endurance times recorded both in the literature and in an outline of new work reported here. Muscle blood flow is restricted under such a load, but not occluded. Laser Doppler measurements of femoral blood flow on a leg-extension ergometer found similar values during 10 - 30% MVC, much less at 40%, and marked hyperaemia on relaxation from 20% MVC or more - implying metabolic debt. Adding low-amplitude alternating leg movements while holding the same overall load stationary, and therefore increasing only internal not external work, further elevates blood flow and VO(2) both during and after exercise. Femoral-vein lactate concentration is also higher after these movements. Speculations that unusually dynamic lower-body movements by elite sailors might assist hiking endurance are not supported by these findings. Nevertheless, afloat or ashore, capillary lactate concentrations hardly ever exceed 5 mmol . l(-1), even during the post-exercise surge - challenging assumptions that the quadriceps had been profoundly anaerobic while under load. On the contrary, it appears that aerobic metabolism contributes substantially, if not completely, to energy supply. A preliminary comparison of elite sailors with aerobic athletes suggests that isometric endurance at a given percentage MVC does not differ between the two groups, but the sailors have higher MVCs. In individuals not highly strength-trained, greater electromyogram activity immediately before capitulation than in an MVC performed while fresh indicates that physiological (not just volitional) limits have been reached. It is concluded that the literature and the outline of my recent work with colleagues support the view that the predominant physiological load during single-handed dinghy sailing is quasi-isometric in form and accounts for roughly half of the metabolic demand. Any more complete account of the physiology of hiking will require simultaneous on-water measurement of electromyographic, cardiovascular, and metabolic indicators in sailors extending from club to Gold Medal standard. 相似文献
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采用实验法测定优秀耐力性项目运动员高住低训(H iLo)前后生理生化指标的变化,研究H iLo对提高耐力项目运动员身体机能(耐力要素)的效果和机理;掌握H iLo实施过程中血象指标在不同暴露期的真实释放情况;认识H iLo时的血象指标的变化规律,为H iLo应用训练提供应用实验依据。实验结果表明,中等强度训练的低氧暴露能有效提高促细胞生成素(EPO)、红细胞计数(RBC)水平,明显提高短道速滑、自行车等项目运动员身体机能和耐力水平。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):267-276
Abstract Overload training resulting in an overreached state is common in elite sports, and if undetected can develop into an overtraining syndrome. This risk is accentuated by the lack of reliable measures of overreaching. Coaches and scientists therefore have to use a combination of tests in the monitoring process. This article presents a case study of the recovery from underperformance of a young elite endurance athlete and the work of a multidisciplinary sport science support team. When it was determined that the athlete's performance had deteriorated, and that this was due solely to the stress of training, training load was radically reduced for a period of 14 days. A combination of physiological, biochemical, and psychological measurements were then used to monitor the recovery process. The purpose of this article is to describe how coaches and sport science teams can help in monitoring training and recovery in practical settings, allowing detection of the early signs of overreaching before a more serious overtraining syndrome develops. 相似文献
14.
全凯 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(12):61-63
根据青少年运动员的生理特点和耐力性项目的运动供能系统，提出合理的耐力性青少年运动员的营养调配。通过调查青少年优秀耐力性项目的运动员在训练周期中的膳食状况及营养需求，同时，摸索出一套科学合理简便实用又符合青少年耐力性运动项目特点的营养配餐方法、提供依据，并对青少年不合理的运动膳食提出建议。 相似文献
15.
Endurance running performance in athletes with asthma 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Laboratory assessment was made during maximal and submaximal exercise on 16 endurance trained male runners with asthma (aged 35 +/- 9 years) (mean +/- S.D.). Eleven of these asthmatic athletes had recent performance times over a half-marathon, which were examined in light of the results from the laboratory tests. The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) of the group was 61.8 +/- 6.3 ml kg-1 min-1 and the maximum ventilation (VEmax) was 138.7 +/- 24.7 l min-1. These maximum cardio-respiratory responses to exercise were positively correlated to the degree of airflow obstruction, defined as the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (expressed as a percentage of predicted normal). The half-marathon performance times of 11 of the athletes ranged from those of recreational to elite runners (82.4 +/- 8.8 min, range 69-94). Race pace was correlated with VO2max (r = 0.863, P less than 0.01) but the highest correlation was with the running velocity at a blood lactate concentration of 2 mmol l-1 (r = 0.971, P less than 0.01). The asthmatic athletes utilized 82 +/- 4% VO2max during the half-marathon, which was correlated with the %VO2max at 2 mmol l-1 blood lactate (r = 0.817, P less than 0.01). The results of this study suggest that athletes with mild to moderate asthma can possess high VO2max values and can develop a high degree of endurance fitness, as defined by their ability to sustain a high percentage of VO2max over an endurance race. In athletes with more severe airflow obstruction, the maximum ventilation rate may be reduced and so VO2max may be impaired. The athletes in the present study have adapted to this limitation by being able to sustain a higher %VO2max before the accumulation of blood lactate, which is an advantage during an endurance race. Therefore, with appropriate training and medication, asthmatics can successfully participate in endurance running at a competitive level. 相似文献
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The hypothesis that endurance training impairs sprinting ability was examined. Eight male subjects undertook a 30‐s sprint test on a cycle ergometer before and after 6 weeks of cycling training for endurance. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and submaximum endurance were determined to evaluate the influence of the training regimen on endurance performance. Endurance was defined as the time to exhaustion at a relative exercise intensity of 85% VO2 max. Maximum oxygen uptake was increased by 18% post‐training (3.29 ± 0.291 min–1 versus 3.89±0.491 min–1; P <0.01), but endurance at the same absolute work rate as pre‐training was increased by more than 200% (32.2 ±11.4 min versus 97.8 + 27.3 min; P <0.01). These improvements were accompanied by changes in the cardiovascular and metabolic responses to standard, submaximum exercise. Despite the improvements in endurance, neither performance during the cycle sprint test nor the increase in blood lactate concentration during the sprint was influenced by endurance training. For short‐term cycling training, these findings reinforce the concept of training specificity whilst demonstrating that decrements in sprint performance are not a necessary consequence of improved endurance. 相似文献
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. Dr. phil. Franz J. Schneider Clemens Töpfer Marcel Minnder Dr. med. Dr. rer. nat. Michael Kiehntopf 《Sportwissenschaft》2014,44(1):39-48
From the perspective of preventive medicine and learning physiology it is important to introduce children and young people to effective aerobic endurance training. In the field study presented, boys and girls of school years 6, 8, 10 and 12 underwent 3 running tests of 12, 20 and 30 min duration and were tested for lactate concentration, heart rate and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). The physiological metabolic parameters were compared and recommendations for an appropriate long-term endurance test for school sport were given depending on the results. The 12 min running test provoked a higher average lactate concentration (5.3-10.9 mmol/l lactate) in both sexes of all school years than the 2 longer running tests. The average lactate concentrations, however, may be evaluated as quite harmless in school sport provided there is adequate preparation. The longer running tests also require sufficient preparation as they cause average lactate concentrations of approximately 4-8.5 mmol/l and obviously higher demands for volitional properties than shorter running tests. The 20 min running test can be considered as an alternative to the Cooper test (12 min running test): lactate concentrations in blood are between 18.5 % and 23?% lower on average and heart rates and RPE after the test are only slightly higher. 相似文献
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篮球运动员的体能测试是体能训练科学化的重要步骤,选择符合篮球专项特征的测试方法是进行有效体能测试的前提。综述了国内外关于篮球项目特征及无氧耐力场地测试方法的相关研究。结果发现,我国所选用的关于篮球运动员的无氧耐力测试的方法及计量指标尚存在不足,忽略了结合专项特征带有间歇性质的反复冲刺能力的测试(repeated sprint test)和反复跳跃测试。在此基础上,介绍了同类项群运动员反复冲刺能力和跳跃的测试方法,并总结其设计原理。 相似文献
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目的:回顾目前在理解运动员能力遗传决定论方面的进展,并描述一些新的、重要的、可能成为精英运动员的差异标记的基础的DNA多态性。方法:通过文献综述和归纳分析法对过去几十年运动基因组学的研究进展作了简单的回顾。结果:运用全基因组关联研究(GWAS),在过去几年确定了41种标志物,这表明GWASs是一种有前景、富有成效的研究运动相关表型的方法。结论:未来的研究,包括多中心GWAS和大群运动员的全基因组测序的验证和复制研究,将有助于发现大量能部分解释运动能力和相关表型的遗传力的遗传变异(突变和DNA多态性)。 相似文献