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1.
R&D encompasses plenty of activities which are usually summarized under the terms of basic research, applied research and development. Although basic research is often associated with low appropriability it provides the fundamental basis for subsequent applied research and development. Especially in the high-tech sector basic research capabilities are an essential component for a firm's success. We use firm-level panel data stemming from Belgian R&D surveys and apply a production function approach which shows that basic research exhibits a premium on a firm's output when compared to applied research and development. When we split the sample into high-tech and low-tech companies, we find a large premium of basic research for firms in high-tech industries, but no premium in low-tech sectors. 相似文献
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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(4):417-436
Modern growth theory acknowledges that a country's economic prosperity depends in large part on its capacity for technological innovation. Empirical evidence, however, supports the view that not all sectors are equally innovative. As a result, it seems desirable from a public policy perspective to identify and promote sectors displaying both a high innovation rate and, in an increasingly competitive international economy, a high degree of international competitiveness. It is frequently argued that the high-tech industry sectors, in contrast to low-tech sectors, satisfy both conditions, with the clear implication that public policy should be directed to enhancing the performance of high-tech sectors. This approach raises at least two important issues. The first is whether such classifications can be meaningfully constructed given both the intractability of the concepts involved and the difficulties in data collection. A second issue is the basic assumption that policy emphasis should be placed on technology-intensive industries because they have a greater impact on growth. In this paper, we argue that while it may be possible to construct indices of technological intensity that are useful for some purposes, the ones that are currently proposed do not, in fact, address questions of economic growth and firm performance very well. In part, this is a reflection of the technicalities involved in formulating and operationalising the indices, but it also reflects problems in the underlying premise, namely technology-intensive sectors are more growth-inducing than low-tech sectors. We call, therefore, for the adoption of a more sophisticated and detailed approach that would provide a sensible classification of industries and new policy insights. 相似文献
3.
基于产业链分析的中国铟锗镓产业发展战略研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
铟、锗、镓资源在信息通讯、新能源、现代航空、现代军事等高新技术领域具有广泛应用,是中国战略性新兴产业发展的重要资源,中国是三种资源的主要供应国,但产业发展面临诸多问题。本文通过战略环节分析和产业链类型分析,首先确定铟锗镓产业的战略环节和产业链类型,同时通过对中国铟锗镓产业战略环节和非战略环节的分析,提出面临的问题和对策建议。分析认为：①尽管铟锗镓产业的原材料是稀缺性的矿产资源,但产业链属于产品导向型产业,战略环节为深加工及元部件产业;②中国铟、锗、镓产业战略环节发展呈现出有好有坏、总体向好的趋势,但仍面临多种技术问题;③中国铟锗镓初级产品严重过剩,从短期来看,国家收储和泛亚有色金属交易所提出的铟金融化能够消化过剩产量,但长期仍需依赖下游产业发展增加国内需求;④铟、锗、镓是伴生资源,未来极有可能因为铅锌、氧化铝等产能过剩及其他问题引发原材料供应不足,应有意识限制初级产业发展,逐步发展回收产业;⑤提出了打造一条以深加工、元部件产业为核心,以初级产业、回收产业两种原料供应模式为基础、以废料合理回收为补充的循环产业链,实现铟锗镓制造业新升级,使资源在中国内部循环,使产品在全球流动,实现铟锗镓资源效益最大化。 相似文献
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产业关联是分析国民经济各部门内在经济联系规律的重要分析指标,认清不同产业间的关联程度对地方经济发展及政策的制定具有重要意义。文章运用相关分析研究方法,计算出河北省现代服务业中6个产业间的相关及偏相关系数,对河北省现代服务业间的经济关联程度进行判断分析,选择确定在经济发展中起重要作用的主导型产业。数据结果发现：河北省现代服务业中各产业间经济互动性较强,金融业处于河北省现代服务业的主导地位,批发与零售业经济作用最为薄弱,从而论证了相关分析在产业关联研究的可行性,同时为河北省产业优化发展提供理论支持。 相似文献
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Ashok V. Desai 《Research Policy》1985,14(3):161-170
A survey of 37 Indian industries shows that their market structures are competitive; they range from oligopolistic industries to industries with a large number of firms. The number of firms has been increasing in almost all industries. The paper classifies the market structures into four classes based on the degree of concentration and the coefficient of variation of market shares. A large number of small firms emerge in industries with two characteristics: namely, where technology is easily transferred within the country, and where buyers are sensitive to price and insensitive to quality. Industries with the opposite characteristics tend to be oligopolistic. The paper proposes a classification of the technological behaviour of firms on the basis of whether a firm produces more innovations than it uses or less, and whether its stimulus to innovation is scientific or economic. 相似文献
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The analysis of the importance of different types of regional innovation systems must take place within a context of the actual knowledge base of various industries in the economy, as the innovation processes of firms are strongly shaped by their specific knowledge base. In this paper, we shall distinguish between two types of knowledge base: analytical and synthetic. These types indicate different mixes of tacit and codified knowledge, codification possibilities and limits, qualifications and skills, required organisations and institutions involved, as well as specific competitive challenges from a globalising economy, which have different implications for different sectors of industry, and, thus, for the kind of innovation support needed. The traditional constellation of industrial clusters surrounded by innovation supporting organisations, constituting a regional innovation system, is nearly always to be found in contexts of industries with a synthetic knowledge base (e.g. engineering-based industries), while the existence of regional innovation systems as an integral part of a cluster will normally be the case of industries-based on an analytical knowledge base (e.g. science-based industries, such as IT and bio-tech). In the discussion of different types of regional innovation systems five empirical illustrations from a Nordic comparative project on SMEs and regional innovation systems will be used: the furniture industry in Salling, Denmark; the wireless communication industry in North Jutland, Denmark; the functional food industry in Scania, Sweden; the food industry in Rogaland, Norway and the electronics industry in Horten, Norway. We argue that in terms of innovation policy the regional level often provides a grounded approach embedded in networks of actors acknowledging the importance of the knowledge base of an industry. 相似文献
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采用AHP主成分分析法,以省际制造业发展指数为依据,把西部各省区分为高、中、低三大产业承接区域,基于2005~2014年西部制造业26个行业数据,从制造业产业价值链的劳动密集、资本密集和技术密集三大环节进行实证研究发现:技术和资金转移是影响西部制造业产业价值链不同环节效率提升的主要原因,人力资本转移次之,东部地区企业规模溢出的效率水平最低,说明当前东部产业转移的规模效应并未实现;制造业产业价值链中资本密集环节对转移要素的吸收效率大于劳动密集环节,技术密集环节最弱,说明当前西部制造业在产业价值链中位置不高,培育本地优势产业和新型技术型产业是进一步承接区际产业转移、实现制造业转型升级的根本途径. 相似文献
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《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2022,6(3):196-215
This study examines technological capability accumulation and the Brazilian rice industry's technological trajectory. Multiple case design was chosen, with an analysis of seven firms involved in the Brazilian rice industry. The results indicate three factors: The first was the identification of technological landmarks for firms in this sector (peeling and polishing, electronic grain selection, electronic packaging, use of forklifts and palletizers, and Industry 4.0). The second is related to the fact that different firms implemented innovative activities and technologies at different speeds, originating from the sector's different technological trajectories. The third is associated with identifying activities within the Brazilian rice industry that can be generalized to other food industries. These results have implications for formulating public policies in the sector, such as creating producer support mechanisms (research and technology transfer institutions), qualification of professionals, and encouragement for economic efficiency and competition. 相似文献
9.
Gerry P. Sweeney 《The Information Society》2013,29(2):113-132
Abstract Developed countries are rapidly evolving into information economies, and given the increasing internationalization of trade and interdependence, developing countries will also have to become information economies if they are to achieve higher economic growth rates. The essence of the information economy is that information is now the main capital input into manufacturing industry and as such is the key input to economic development. The activities of enquiring, communicating, evaluating, and deciding have become the activities absorbing the major proportion of national resources, with the need to know of the business decision‐maker as the main driving force. In developed information economies, industrial firms have become learning systems and a new division of labor in the economic productive system has evolved. The government‐controlled primary information sector is the source of much of the information input and the provider of the means of information transfer. Developing countries must develop their own primary information sectors as an integrated part of the agricultural and manufacturing sectors. The problems of developing countries are highlighted in the isolation on the one hand of their information generating sectors from the productive sector and on the other of the native small firm sector from all sectors of information. Telematics, as the integration of computing, communication, and information services offers the means to integrate national resources with international and supply the required inputs to local agricultural and industrial development. 相似文献
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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):25-50
Australian industrial policy is primarily concerned with protecting the manufacturing sector by the use of tariffs and quotas. Over the last decade and a half successive governments have announced an intention to move towards lower tariffs. The result has been lower tariffs on average, but the introduction ofimport quotas in response to the 1974–75 recession has resulted in large increases in protection for the textile, clothing, footwear and motor vehicle industries. These sectors are covered by Industry Plans. There is a stated intention to liberalize trade, but for a decade the market share of imports has been fixed. On the basis of past experience, there is a low probability that significant trade liberalization will occur. Australian industrial policy has failed to create a more efficient manufacturing sector. It is reactive and has slowed the rate of structural change. It is a good example of the way in which initiatives to restrict trade flows by ‘temporary’ quotas — intended to provide a breathing space so an industry can reorganise and compete more effectively against imports — can result in import quotas becoming a near permanent feature of the economic environment. The Australian economy has also been subject to largeexchange rate appreciations. Our experience is that unusual appreciations bring to the forefront of structural change those industries which have already set out upon a path of long run decline. Once the appreciations have passed, these troubled industries are not placed back in their original position relative to imports. 相似文献
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有关技术创新激励政策效应的研究对产业特征的关注还不充分,影响了对激励政策产业层面效应的深入理解。本文认为更为系统地重审技术创新激励政策的效应,有必要将产业市场竞争度与产业技术吸收能力同步纳入研究模型,因为它们分别影响产业创新主体的技术创新动机和技术创新能力。当产业市场竞争度与产业技术吸收能力都处于高水平时,技术创新激励政策对产业技术创新的正向效应最为明显。实证数据来自和五类使能技术的应用密切相关的16个制造业的2013—2017年的数据,包括R&D资本存量、全时人员当量、发明专利申请数、新产品开发项目数、新产品销售收入数据,和以DEA视窗方法计算得到的产业技术创新绩效数据,分析结果表明：产业技术吸收能力放大了税收优惠政策对技术创新绩效的正向作用;但是R&D补贴政策对于技术吸收能力低的产业有更高的正向效应;当技术市场竞争度高时,技术吸收力对税收优惠与R&D补贴的正向促进作用最高。本研究深化了对技术创新激励政策的作用机理的理解,并提示政策制定者需要充分重视产业的市场竞争度。 相似文献
13.
Carolina Castaldi 《Research Policy》2018,47(3):606-616
Research on the use of trademarks by innovating companies is growing. Yet, large research gaps exist in our understanding of the use of trademarks beyond manufacturing and beyond specific service sectors. This study focuses on the creative and cultural industries (CCIs) and argues that these industries represent a salient case to advance research on trademarks. After reviewing the main characteristics of CCIs, a conceptual framework is developed to classify motives to trademark and motives not to trademark for firms in these industries. The paper offers original empirical evidence on the relevance of these motives from survey results on a sample of 486 European firms in five selected CCIs.Results from principal component analysis are used to propose a taxonomy of firms with specific attitudes and strategies towards trademarking. All results are discussed in terms of their implications for using trademarks as the basis for novel economic indicators of product variety and innovation. 相似文献
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企业创新的外部联系制度的组织与演变——来自英国企业的实证研究/FONT 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文着重研究企业获取与技术创新相关的知识和信息的外部联系制度。以创新系统理论和技术/产品生命周期理论为出发点,研究随着技术/产品生命周期的变化,工业企业创新的外部联系制度所发生的变化。对英国中部的处于技术/产品生命周期的成长期的信息/电子企业以及处于成熟期的汽车制造/工程企业进行了比较研究,发现它们创新的外部联系制度的组织和构成发生了显著变化,如处于成长期的企业对创新的外部联系制度的依赖更大,发生联系的外部知识/信息源的种类更多样化等。同时,两类企业在联系方式、特点以及获取知识的用途等方面也具备一些相似性。 相似文献
16.
《Research Policy》2019,48(7):1694-1713
Building on Lee and Malerba’s (2017) framework, we explore how leading firms in Brazil’s forestry and pulp industry responded to windows of opportunity, in learning terms, shaping an early entry into path-creation technological catch-up, shifting that industry into a globally leading position. Drawing on an in-depth inductive study based on 50 years of evidence, a 10-year fieldwork in large firms, and on a novel approach to micro-level external and internal absorptive capacity (AC), as empirically observable external and internal learning mechanisms (LMs) underlying firms’ innovative capability accumulation (technological catch-up), we find that: (1) firms responded to changing windows of opportunity by developing dual AC through the intensity and the manner of use of multiple LMs across the emergence, gradual catch-up, and forging-ahead phases of the path-creation process; (2) however, there were variations within and across firms in the effectiveness with which they developed their dual AC over these phases, leading to a non-homogenous technological catch-up: while some firms reached a world-leading capability level, others became fast-followers. We contribute to deepening and refining the understanding of technological catch-up through robust empirical insights on how the dynamic interplay between windows of opportunity and variation in the micro-level dual AC development’s effectiveness helps to explain the nature and extent of firms’ technological catch-up. We also provide a basis to further the analysis of technological catch-up and its learning processes, particularly in natural resources-rich industries in resource-rich developing countries. 相似文献
17.
This paper provides fresh empirical evidence on technological innovation in the service sector, and highlights major similarities and differences with manufacturing. The main findings are the following. Technological innovation is quite a diffused and variegated phenomenon in market services. Engineering, technical consultancy, computing and software emerge as the most innovative sectors. Innovation expenditure per employee in these industries is rather close to the manufacturing average. Service firms as well as the manufacturing ones rely on a wide range of innovation sources. The acquisition and development of software and investment in machinery are the most cited. Investment, R&D and software are the major components of firms' innovation expenditure. Both in services and manufacturing the most important objective of firms' innovation strategies consist of improving service/product quality, increasing market shares and reducing production costs. Major obstacles for introducing technological innovation in services, as well as in manufacturing, are of an economic nature—i.e. lack of appropriate sources of finance and cost of innovation too high. Technological information is drawn mainly from in-house production departments as well as from outside suppliers of equipment, clients and customers. Again this is a pattern which is quite similar to the one found in the manufacturing sector. Finally, in the near future the importance of technology for firms' performance is expected to increase in all service industries. Overall, service and manufacturing sectors show more similarities than differences with respect to some basic dimensions of innovation processes. 相似文献
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本文利用2009年中国企业创新调查数据,首先对中低技术企业进行界定,并在此基础上分析了中低技术企业与中高、高技术企业在创新模式和创新绩效方面的差异。结果发现：（1）行业内部企业R&D研发强度存在高度的异质性,中低技术行业内存在相当比例的高R&D研发强度企业,中高、高技术行业内同样也存在相当比例的中低R&D研发强度企业。企业创新模式除了存在行业差异,基于企业R&D投入强度的企业类型差异也非常明显。（2）从创新绩效看,相对于同行业内的中高和高技术企业,中低技术企业在产品创新方面表现较差;但在服务创新方面并没有显著差别;在过程创新在某些方面甚至优于中高和高技术企业。 相似文献
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技术收敛是技术扩散的结果,表现为技术专有性与多样性之间的动态竞争,是技术创新演化过程中所形成的多行业共享技术基础的一种技术发展状态。发达国家的电子行业被认为是存在技术收敛趋势的典型行业之一,而相应的实证研究在发展中国家并不多。通过专利数据及RTA相关指标,分析了我国五大电子行业中外企业的技术发展特征,旨在考察在我国特定环境下中外电子行业企业技术发展的收敛性。研究发现,外资企业相比中资企业表现出了更显著的技术收敛特征。 相似文献