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赛艇运动员体能水平构成因素及科学化训练原则 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对赛艇运动员的体能构成进行生理学分析，找出构成赛艇运动员的主要体能要素，并提出赛艇运动员体能科学化训练的原则：身体训练要注重全面性；注重训练的系统性；围绕比赛进行实战训练；科学调控体能训练的顺序和运动负荷；与专项技术训练紧密结合；注重训练的针对性与运动员的个体差异。 相似文献
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为及时了解训练负荷强度和调控好运动员参赛时的身体机能状态,在赛前6周,对赛艇男子公开级优秀运动员训练中的心率、血乳酸、血红蛋白、血尿素氮、肌酸激酶进行跟踪监测.研究结果表明,赛艇赛前训练中血红蛋白和尿素氮能很好的反应赛艇运动员所承受的训练负荷和身体机能状态,运动强度增加,运动员的血红蛋白呈下降趋势,血尿素氮水平呈上升的趋势;在大负荷的运动训练期间,赛艇运动员的肌酸激酶水平呈上升的趋势;在赛艇的日常训练中,血乳酸值的变化与运动员个体能力密切相关,在完成相同的亚极限运动负荷时,优秀的运动员血乳酸值相对更低.运动员在周实战模拟比赛中,心率始终维持在一个较高的水平,赛前随着训练水平的提升,运动员的赛后心率相应提升.定量监控赛艇运动员训练课上的投入情况和阶段负荷变化情况,对科学安排和调整训练负荷意义重大. 相似文献
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通过分析赛艇项目特征探讨青少年赛艇运动员的启蒙训练,认为:以训练大纲为本,制订青少年赛艇教学训练目标;以项目特征为本,开展青少年赛艇教学训练;以选材育才为本,突出青少年赛艇补短训练质量;以青少年素质训练敏感窗口期为本,保障青少年赛艇运动员训练效果。 相似文献
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目的对上海市青少年赛艇运动员CKMM基因(A/G)多态性分布特点以及该基因不同基因型与有氧训练的敏感性进行了相关研究,探寻CKMM基因(A/G)多态性与有氧耐力训练敏感性的关联关系,为不同项目当中的优秀耐力运动员的早期选材工作提供更加有力的理论依据。方法研究通过对上海市青少年赛艇运动员作为实验组,并选取上海市优秀赛艇运动员以及上海市汉族人群作为对照组,通过与青少年赛艇运动员进行多态性分布的比较,确定具有良好有氧耐力训练敏感性的CKMM基因多态位点标记。结果 CKMM基因经过基因杂交显色法之后得到3种基因型:A/A型、A/G型和G/G型。在青少年赛艇运动员、上海市汉族人群以及优秀赛艇运动员的三种基因型分布分别是:A/A型为71.6%、69.2%、54.6%;A/G型为:24.3%、22%、30.9%:G/G型为4%、8.8%、14.4%。结论 (1)上海市青少年赛艇运动员与上海市优秀赛艇运动员CKMM基因(A/G)多态性分布具有显著性差异(P<0.05),提示不同基因型运动员对运动训练的敏感性可能不同。(2)上海市青少年赛艇运动员与上海市汉族人群的CKMM基因(A/G)多态性分布相比没有显著性差异,初步判断青少年赛艇运动员CKMM基因(A/G)多态性分布没有群体性特征。 相似文献
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王加学 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(7):26-28
本文将＂多课次＂训练方法,应用于赛艇运动员的运动训练中。通过查阅有关＂多课次＂训练的研究资料,结合运动训练学、运动生理学、运动生物化学等多方面的研究成果,将赛艇运动员的机能指标与＂多课次＂训练有机结合起来,通过训练前后的生化指标数据分析,对运动员生化代谢、运动能力等方面的指标进行综合评定,为赛艇训练提供理论支撑,提高运动成绩。 相似文献
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赛艇是周期性项目，人体肌肉力量是赛艇在水中行进时的动力源，只有增强运动员肌肉的快速力量，才能产生更快的速度。通过对青少年赛艇运动员专项力量训练3年的跟踪研究，得出一些实践心得，为广大教练员在青少年赛艇运动员力量训练与教学方面提供一定的借鉴。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献