共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The interplay between individual and collective knowledge: technologies for organisational learning and knowledge building 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This article presents a framework model that defines knowledge building as a co-evolution of cognitive and social systems. Our model brings together Nonaka's knowledge-creating theory and Luhmann's systems theory. It is demonstrated how collaborative knowledge building may occur – in an ideal situation – within an organisation, when people interact with each other using shared digital artefacts. For this purpose, three different technologies are introduced as examples: social-tagging systems, pattern-based task-management systems, and wikis. These examples have been chosen to demonstrate that knowledge building can occur with respect to both declarative and procedural knowledge. The differences and similarities between these technologies, as far as their potential for organisational knowledge building is concerned, are discussed in the light of the framework model. 相似文献
2.
How much do specialists have to learn from each other when they jointly develop radical product innovations? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Christina Schmickl 《Research Policy》2008,37(3):473-491
Specialists of different domains have to collaborate whenever technically demanding product innovations are developed. Their respective knowledge contributions need to be integrated into a functioning whole. Two approaches provide insight into how this is achieved: the dominating cross-learning approach assumes that the specialists of different knowledge domains have to intensively learn from each other in order to be able to jointly develop the new product. This cross-learning implies that groups of specialists transfer their specific knowledge, which encompasses different concepts (theories), methods and world views, among each other. However, some researchers argue that intensive cross-learning between specialists is a considerable expense in time and effort and, therefore, inefficient. They insist that integration of specialists’ knowledge is achieved through structural mechanisms that significantly reduce the need for cross-learning. This article is based on one of the latter approaches. We argue that the mechanisms of transactive memory, modularization and prototyping in combination can considerably reduce knowledge transfers. This assumption has found empirical support for incremental innovations. On the basis of a comparison between incremental and radical innovation projects in an electrotechnical company, we analyze whether the assumption that, on the basis of structural mechanisms, specialists can integrate their knowledge without having to intensively learn from each other, also holds for radical innovations. 相似文献
3.
《Information processing & management》2001,37(2):335-355
This paper critically contrasts the three main schools of thought on knowledge – namely, those that respectively conceptualize knowledge as situated in mind, process, and object – and assesses the resulting implications for knowledge management (KM). Against the background of the existing diversity of definitions of KM an integrated and holistic view of the KM value chain is put forward. Within this theoretical framework five main research streams (culture, knowledge location, awareness, evaluation, and absorption) are identified with a view to devising a practical concept of KM applicable in a business context. With a focus on knowledge flow and detailed approaches to potential solutions, conflicts and compatibilities between existing business strategies and KM are examined. A conceptual model is devised to offer a holistic integration of the theoretical and practical themes in order to serve as a framework for developing a future research agenda for the development of theoretically grounded, yet practical, KM business tools and applications. 相似文献
4.
本研究基于社会信息加工与资源保存理论,通过构建有调节的中介作用模型,结合391名员工的问卷调查和分层回归分析,探究内外整合开发对个体创新绩效影响的知识操纵中介作用机制,同时考察其作用机制发生的证明目标导向边界条件作用。实证研究发现：（1）内外整合开发对个体创新绩效有显著正向影响;（2）知识操纵在内外整合开发对个体创新绩效的影响中有显著中介作用;（3）证明目标导向调节内外整合开发对知识操纵的直接影响及其通过知识操纵对个体创新绩效的间接作用。 相似文献
5.
集成创新过程中的知识粘性表现及对策分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
知识粘性是知识转移过程中体现出来的困难因素.集成创新是以开放的产品建构来集成多种来源的技术,如何克服集成创新过程中的知识粘性成为技术集成创新成功的关键.本文将技术集成创新的过程分成三个阶段并研究了三阶段知识粘性的不同表现.第一阶段主要是吸收知识的能力、知识的相容性、多样性技能人才等;第二阶段主要是现有的知识技能存量、领域本体、知识来源的品质等;第三阶段主要是新知识的应用及其与预期目标的融合.分析了新科电子集团公司克服知识粘性实现系统集成创新的经验.研究目的在于帮助企业在开展集成创新时,针对三阶段知识粘性的不同表现,有针对性地采取克服知识粘性的措施,以提高集成创新的效率. 相似文献
6.
Chris Kimble Corinne Grenier Karine Goglio-Primard 《International Journal of Information Management》2010
The article examines the process of innovation and knowledge sharing from a perspective that focuses on the influence that local circumstances can have. In particular, it looks at the problems of knowledge sharing between groups of professionals. It presents a comparative analysis of two studies, one involving two groups of IT professionals; the other a network of healthcare professionals. The data was collected in two sets. The first set consisted of the results from two earlier, independent studies; the second was collected specifically for this article. We investigate the role played by boundary objects and brokers. Through an analysis of the interplay between boundary object and broker, we uncover the dynamics of the innovation process and show that the role played by the broker can be political. We identify two strategies that are used by brokers in the selection of a boundary object. The first is directed towards achieving a balance between the actors involved and the second is directed towards controlling their activities. We conclude by suggesting that other researchers should also consider the interplay between broker and boundary object when examining cross-boundary knowledge sharing. 相似文献
7.
Based on an exploratory study of the work and learning processes of highly skilled and experienced knowledge workers, this paper explores an alternative perspective to knowledge management, one that focuses on how individual workers apply knowledge processes to support their day-to-day work activities – broadly characterized as problem solving – and learning practices. Developing the concept of Personal Knowledge Management, the paper presents an emergent model that links distinctive types of problem solving activities with specific cognitive, information, social and learning competencies, supported by an individual, social and organizational enablers. 相似文献
8.
The paper investigates the effect of homophily and status differences on knowledge integration among individuals involved in product development activities. By distinguishing between search and transfer as two integral parts of the knowledge integration process, the paper addresses the question of how cognitive and motivational barriers to knowledge integration operate differently through the search and the transfer processes respectively. A study of 434 knowledge integration activities among 49 participants in four software development teams suggests that while search is directed both by homophily and by status differences among team participants, only status differences affect the perceived value of knowledge transfer activities. Further, the study indicates that there is not necessarily a correspondence between the status cues that direct search activities and the status cues that drive the perceived value of knowledge transfer activities among team participants. 相似文献
9.
团队是高科技企业构建其竞争优势的关键子系统,团队知识整合是组织知识管理与创新的重要环节,如何促进团队层面的知识整合是高科技企业亟待解决的问题。在回顾相关研究文献的基础上,通过调查问卷对我国高科技企业中93个工作团队进行施测。研究结果显示:在高科技企业团队中,认知信任对系统式整合的影响更显著,情感信任对协调式整合的影响更为显著。该研究结论对高科技企业团队管理具有一定的理论和实践指导意义。 相似文献
10.
《Research Policy》2022,51(9):104377
This paper, through a longitudinal qualitative study of comparable but different entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) in Tokyo and Bangalore, contributes to the understanding of how local EEs can be compared and measured in a way that pays attention to context and time. In contrast to many existing approaches to measuring EEs, this study follows a bottom-up approach anchored in organisation theory to uncover potentially systematic EE differences (pointing to EE types) and – based on those – propose contextualised EE measurement dimensions in an inductive way. Specifically, the paper conceptualises EEs as organisational fields, and introduces and traces a unit of analysis comprised of institutional work and practice performed by EE stakeholders (entrepreneurs, investors, various supporters) on elements related to institutional infrastructure of their EEs (e.g. financial and labour resources, support infrastructure, markets). This analysis illuminates which EE elements are particularly important in a given location and time as evidenced by the stakeholders’ actions.The findings reveal similarity in elements related to EEs’ institutional infrastructure that have been the objects of action in both locations. At the same time, there are patterns of similarities and differences in substance and sequence of the actions. For instance, institutional work and practice regarding support infrastructure consisted of similar specific actions and occurred in similar sequence over time in both Tokyo and Bangalore, in contrast to the actions related to markets. Further, uncovering the existence of disputes regarding some instances of actions performed with regards to EEs’ institutional infrastructure, allows identifying a set of interacting dimensions (underlying EEs’ institutional infrastructure) that drive similarities and differences in EEs’ evolution trajectories in Tokyo and Bangalore by moderating stakeholders’ actions: transnational connectedness, domestic old economy factors, perceived local EE needs, and EE benchmarks. This set of dimensions and their interactions is conceptualised as beginnings of a novel framework for comparing sub-national EEs – Varieties of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems – which is anchored in organisation theory but sensitised by insights from established comparative frameworks like Varieties of Capitalism. The cases examined in this paper allow to specify two EE types: more domestically-oriented EE (like Tokyo) and more transnationally-oriented EE (like Bangalore), both sharing the characteristic of developing and strengthening over time. Based on the Varieties of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems, the paper proposes contextualised EE measurement dimensions as an alternative and complementary way to the existing approaches to measuring EEs.Overall, this paper contributes to EE studies (including the implications for policy and practice regarding how to assess and measure EEs), as well as to organisation theory, to the underdeveloped issue of how to compare across organisational fields using the institutional infrastructure concept. 相似文献
11.
企业如何走出技术收购后“整合”还是“自治”的困境是一个十分重要而又缺乏深入探究的问题。以高科技企业为研究对象,构建了收购前技术甄选、资源重叠以及收购后战略模式选择三者间的理论模型,并提出研究假设,运用多元线性回归分析对所提研究假设进行实证检验。研究结果表明：界内技术甄选对整合型战略选择有显著的正向影响,但对自治型战略选择的影响不显著;跨界技术甄选对自治型战略选择有显著的正向影响,但对整合型战略选择的影响不显著。技术重叠正向调节界内技术甄选与整合型战略选择之间的关系,而负向调节跨界技术甄选与自治型战略选择之间的关系;关系重叠负向调节界内技术甄选与整合型战略选择之间的关系,而正向调节跨界技术甄选与自治型战略选择之间的关系。研究结论从整体价值创造层面揭示了技术收购后收购方企业如何进行战略模式选择的内在机制,为我国企业有效解决技术收购后“整合”还是“自治”战略这一现实问题提供了理论依据。 相似文献
12.
《Information processing & management》2022,59(4):102985
A rapid increase in the use of web-based technologies – and corresponding changes in government and local council policies – in recent years, means that many vital services are now provided solely online. While this has many potential benefits, it can place additional burdens on certain demographic groups, some of whom may become considerably disadvantaged or even disenfranchised. This is particularly problematic for English-as-a Second Language (ESL) speakers, who are often immigrants or refugees and thus have a greater need to access these e-government services, and who may struggle to understand and assess the relevance of complex documents. In this work we investigate the search behaviours and performance of native English speakers and two different groups of ESL speakers when completing e-government tasks, and the effect of document readability/complexity. In contrast with previous work, our results show significant differences between groups of varying language proficiency in terms of objective search performance, time on task, and self-perceived performance and confidence. We also demonstrate that document reading level moderates the effect of language proficiency on objective search performance. The findings contribute to our existing understanding of how English language proficiency affects search for e-government topics, and have important implications for the future development of e-government services to ensure more equitable access and use. 相似文献
13.
Drawing on a longitudinal case study of Alpha Chemicals, we use four complexity theory constructs – adaptive tension, enabling leadership, enhanced cooperation, and boundary spanning – to explain the continuous knowledge creation dynamics in Communities of practice (CoPs). Our findings show that the virtual cycle of knowledge creation results from CoPs oscillating between guided and self-directed modes. In a guided mode, adaptive tension and enabling leadership prevail, resulting in knowledge expansion. In a self-directed mode, enhancing cooperation and boundary spanning are the most significant, resulting in knowledge probing. This research uncovers the value of conceptualizing CoPs as complex adaptive systems with emergent and intentional processes coexisting to create a virtual knowledge creation cycle. Our findings complement the dominant theory on CoPs’ insights by moving beyond the control/autonomy debate and highlighting that knowledge creation dynamics results from a flexible combination and recombination of the different top-down and bottom-up forces. 相似文献
14.
《Information processing & management》2022,59(1):102770
The automatic classification of Arabic dialects is an ongoing research challenge, which has been explored in recent work that defines dialects based on increasingly limited geographic areas like cities and provinces. This paper focuses on a related, yet relatively unexplored topic: the effects of the geographical proximity of cities located in Arab countries on their dialectal similarity. Our work is twofold, reliant on: (1) comparing the textual similarities between dialects using cosine similarity and (2) measuring the geographical distance between locations. We study MADAR and NADI, two established datasets with Arabic dialects from many cities and provinces. Our results indicate that cities located in different countries may in fact have more dialectal similarity than cities within the same country, depending on their geographical proximity. The correlation between dialectal similarity and city proximity suggests that cities that are closer together are more likely to share dialectal attributes, regardless of country borders. This nuance provides the potential for important advancements in Arabic dialect research because it indicates that a more granular approach to dialect classification is essential to understanding how to frame the problem of Arabic dialect identification. 相似文献
15.
《Information processing & management》2002,38(4):453-471
Web queries in question format are becoming a common element of a user's interaction with Web search engines. Web search services such as Ask Jeeves – a publicly accessible question and answer (Q&A) search engine – request users to enter question format queries. This paper provides results from a study examining queries in question format submitted to two different Web search engines – Ask Jeeves that explicitly encourages queries in question format and the Excite search service that does not explicitly encourage queries in question format. We identify the characteristics of queries in question format in two different data sets: (1) 30,000 Ask Jeeves queries and 15,575 Excite queries, including the nature, length, and structure of queries in question format. Findings include: (1) 50% of Ask Jeeves queries and less than 1% of Excite were in question format, (2) most users entered only one query in question format with little query reformulation, (3) limited range of formats for queries in question format – mainly “where”, “what”, or “how” questions, (4) most common question query format was “Where can I find………” for general information on a topic, and (5) non-question queries may be in request format. Overall, four types of user Web queries were identified: keyword, Boolean, question, and request. These findings provide an initial mapping of the structure and content of queries in question and request format. Implications for Web search services are discussed. 相似文献
16.
于海云 《科学学与科学技术管理》2012,33(7):160-170
在FDI嵌入型产业集群中,由外资企业的技术或管理类员工离职创业而衍生内资企业的现象越来越普遍,企业衍生导致内外资企业间员工流动和知识转移将成为内资企业实现知识创新的重要环节。以长三角地区FDI嵌入型产业集群中外资企业衍生的内资企业为研究样本,通过结构方程模型系统研究了内资企业知识整合机制、知识整合能力与知识转移效果之间的关系。实证研究结果发现:团队整合机制、个体整合机制和混合整合机制均对知识转移效果具有显著的正向影响,混合整合机制的影响效果最好,团队整合机制的影响效果次之,个体整合机制的影响效果最差。案例分析结果表明,要提高员工流动途径下内外资企业间知识转移的效果,就必须特别注重多种知识整合机制的综合运用。 相似文献
17.
《International Journal of Information Management》2014,34(2):167-176
Although a number of methodologies exist for business process re-design (BPR), supply chain re-design (SCR), and e-business process design, there is a lack of an integrated BPR methodological framework to support supply chain integration (SCI). This paper proposes a detailed framework based on integrating a number of different methodological strands from the literature. A literature review was conducted in three different domains – business process re-design, supply chain re-design and e-business process design. The literature review revealed the potential for integrating elements of a number of different methods and techniques found in different methodological strands into a framework for conducting BPR to support SCI. Accordingly a number of relevant methodologies were identified, decomposed and compared at their stage and technique/method level to identify a combination for development of the integrated framework. The proposed BPR methodology can be applied in any company or sector; methods and techniques incorporated are not specific to any sector. The proposed BPR methodology proposed constitutes an aid for supply chain practitioners in the construction of SCI. 相似文献
18.
《Information processing & management》2016,52(4):529-549
The task of finding groups or teams has recently received increased attention, as a natural and challenging extension of search tasks aimed at retrieving individual entities. We introduce a new group finding task: given a query topic, we try to find knowledgeable groups that have expertise on that topic. We present five general strategies for this group finding task, given a heterogenous document repository. The models are formalized using generative language models. Two of the models aggregate expertise scores of the experts in the same group for the task, one locates documents associated with experts in the group and then determines how closely the documents are associated with the topic, whilst the remaining two models directly estimate the degree to which a group is a knowledgeable group for a given topic. For evaluation purposes we construct a test collection based on the TREC 2005 and 2006 Enterprise collections, and define three types of ground truth for our task. Experimental results show that our five knowledgeable group finding models achieve high absolute scores. We also find significant differences between different ways of estimating the association between a topic and a group. 相似文献
19.
Probabilistic topic models are unsupervised generative models which model document content as a two-step generation process, that is, documents are observed as mixtures of latent concepts or topics, while topics are probability distributions over vocabulary words. Recently, a significant research effort has been invested into transferring the probabilistic topic modeling concept from monolingual to multilingual settings. Novel topic models have been designed to work with parallel and comparable texts. We define multilingual probabilistic topic modeling (MuPTM) and present the first full overview of the current research, methodology, advantages and limitations in MuPTM. As a representative example, we choose a natural extension of the omnipresent LDA model to multilingual settings called bilingual LDA (BiLDA). We provide a thorough overview of this representative multilingual model from its high-level modeling assumptions down to its mathematical foundations. We demonstrate how to use the data representation by means of output sets of (i) per-topic word distributions and (ii) per-document topic distributions coming from a multilingual probabilistic topic model in various real-life cross-lingual tasks involving different languages, without any external language pair dependent translation resource: (1) cross-lingual event-centered news clustering, (2) cross-lingual document classification, (3) cross-lingual semantic similarity, and (4) cross-lingual information retrieval. We also briefly review several other applications present in the relevant literature, and introduce and illustrate two related modeling concepts: topic smoothing and topic pruning. In summary, this article encompasses the current research in multilingual probabilistic topic modeling. By presenting a series of potential applications, we reveal the importance of the language-independent and language pair independent data representations by means of MuPTM. We provide clear directions for future research in the field by providing a systematic overview of how to link and transfer aspect knowledge across corpora written in different languages via the shared space of latent cross-lingual topics, that is, how to effectively employ learned per-topic word distributions and per-document topic distributions of any multilingual probabilistic topic model in various cross-lingual applications. 相似文献
20.
Studies addressing the connections between knowledge and organization structures can be divided into two classes. One class holds that a perspective on knowledge signals shortcomings of classical design principles and calls for flatter hierarchy and less specification of the production structure. Another class maintains that a knowledge perspective on organizations is at odds with any design perspective, whether classical or not, because the emergent, thoroughly social and practice-based nature of knowledge as knowing in action makes knowledge a useless and even dangerous beacon to designers: ex ante, knowledge is said to be fundamentally indeterminate and any attempt to ‘structure around knowledge’ may effectively drive out knowledge. To explore differences and possible bridges between these two calls of studies, the paper explores how both elements of the equation, organization structure and organizational knowledge, are to be conceived to ensure a meaningful connection between them. It is argued that the grouping focus in both defines the meeting place of organization structures and organizational knowledge, but shows that the involved knowledge and grouping concepts are not mutually compatible. It leads to a view where organization structures are seen as the ‘seeding’ background for knowledge integration processes that, in turn, constitute the patterns of work relationships envisioned in the designer's organizational decomposition and grouping. For illustration purposes, the paper presents the example of the Max Planck Institute that describes one possible way through the conceptual model presented in the paper. 相似文献