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1.
This paper presents a conceptual model to explore the knowledge integration (KI) practices of internal and external company actors involved in the New Product Development (NPD) process of the aerospace industry. The model is based on the linkage of elasticity principles, particularly Hooke’s Law, to Knowledge Management theory. KI practices are considered as a force pushing the NPD process and are metaphorically described as the spring addressed by Hooke’s law. The integration of the knowledge of internal and external company actors impacts NPD, reducing the dimensions of the whole process, in terms of phases, through the application of the concurrent engineering approach. The whole NPD process is improved in terms of the reduction of uncertainty and complexity, and with an ‘integrated energy’ that sustains the pressure of the fast-changing competitive environment. The model is explored to provide an interpretation of the conceptualisation phase of a new aerospace product development process. Qualitative data were collected and analysed. Insights regarding the applications of the model and the theoretical implications are also provided for applications in other industries. 相似文献
2.
New Product Development (NPD) is one of the most important activities for companies. The NPD activities get to depend on knowledge more and more. Therefore, Knowledge Management (KM) has become a key issue and a hot topic in the fields of NPD researches. This paper proposes a new design of an effective NPD-support KM tool for facilitating the knowledge sharing and acquisition among collaborative NPD team members. The KM tool mainly contains two channels for knowledge acquisition: knowledge query and knowledge recommendation. The former one is the basic function for all types of KM tools, and also acts as the basis for the latter one. This paper proposes two types of knowledge recommendation ways: one is a vector-based way; the other is a phrase-based way. Key techniques for implementing the KM tool are elaborated. A demo example is also illustrated to show the functions of the proposed KM tool. 相似文献
3.
从知识管理的角度对与制造业复杂产品研发相适应的组织形式进行探索。通过对两个船舶产品研发案例的对比分析,提出基于知识管理的多层次跨企业团队模型。 相似文献
4.
This paper investigates the critical role of knowledge sharing (KS) in leveraging manufacturing activities, namely integrated supplier management (ISM) and new product development (NPD) to improve business performance (BP) within the context of Taiwanese electronic manufacturing companies. The research adopted a sequential mixed method research design, which provided both quantitative empirical evidence as well as qualitative insights, into the moderating effect of KS on the relationships between these two core manufacturing activities and BP. First, a questionnaire survey was administered, which resulted in a sample of 170 managerial and technical professionals providing their opinions on KS, NPD and ISM activities and the BP level within their respective companies. On the basis of the collected data, factor analysis was used to verify the measurement model, followed by correlation analysis to explore factor interrelationships, and finally moderated regression analyses to extract the moderating effects of KS on the relationships of NPD and ISM with BP. Following the quantitative study, six semi-structured interviews were conducted to provide qualitative in-depth insights into the value added from KS practices to the targeted manufacturing activities and the extent of its leveraging power. Results from quantitative statistical analysis indicated that KS, NPD and ISM all have a significant positive impact on BP. Specifically, IT infrastructure and open communication were identified as the two types of KS practices that could facilitate enriched supplier evaluation and selection, empower active employee involvement in the design process, and provide support for product simplification and the modular design process, thereby improving manufacturing performance and strengthening company competitiveness. The interviews authenticated many of the empirical findings, suggesting that in the contemporary manufacturing context KS has become an integral part of many ISM and NPD activities and when embedded properly can lead to an improvement in BP. The paper also highlights a number of useful implications for manufacturing companies seeking to leverage their BP through innovative and sustained KS practices. 相似文献
5.
This paper aims to explore the influence of informal governance mechanisms (IGMs) on knowledge integration (KI) within cross-functional project teams (CFPTs). In order to achieve this objective, we provide a novel and distinct perspective – social capital (SC). From this perspective, we analyse three dimensions of IGMs, that is, social interaction, social trust and social cognition. Propositions on underlying influencing mechanisms of the three dimensions on KI are then empirically tested using qualitative data from semi-structured interviews and quantitative data from questionnaire surveys. Results indicate that strong social ties, mutual trust and formation of shared vision facilitate KI within CFPTs. In addition, communication platforms are encouraged to provide more opportunities for team members to exchange knowledge. This paper provides suggestions for both knowledge governance theory and project management practice. 相似文献
6.
研发项目是涉及顾客需求、产品功能和部件、团队等多知识领域的复杂系统,与大数据技术相关的知识图谱方法可以更加客观全面地展示、分析不同领域间的关联,为此,本文提出新产品开发(NPD)知识图谱,并将其与依赖结构矩阵(DSM)等方法相结合,以识别研发项目中多领域间的相互依赖关系。首先,本文建立依据NPD知识图谱测度顾客需求优先序的模型,并采用DSM和质量功能展开(QFD)方法,建立由“需求-功能”QFD关联推导功能间依赖关系强度的模型。然后,采用“功能-产品”多领域矩阵(MDM)推导部件间的依赖关系强度。最后,对DSM进行聚类,为提高聚类算法的稳定性,采用改进的信息熵,建立了改进的基于信息熵的两阶段DSM聚类模型,算例分析表明,该方法可明显降低类间的协调复杂性并提高算法的稳定性。 相似文献
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We propose that the effect of trust on knowledge sharing (KS) and knowledge integration (KI) is mediated by organizational identification (OI) and organization-based self-esteem (OBSE). We focus on the relationship among different foci of trust and take into consideration that trust is a culturally dependent variable. We draw from a large-scale questionnaire survey with 50 Chinese companies and find support for our hypotheses in general. The study finds that employees’ trust within the organization is a multifaceted construct that includes their trust in the organization, trust in the supervisor and trust in peers. Trust with these different foci positively impact KS and KI. However, such effects are largely indirect and we find support for our expectation that OI and OBSE function as mediators. We conclude that trust in itself is a precondition but not sufficient condition for the actualization of KS and KI. 相似文献
9.
Integrating knowledge across a firm's value chain (e.g. between R&D, marketing and manufacturing functions), which we denote “Knowledge Integration” (KI), has been consistently found to be a strong predictor of product innovation performance in the management literature. Such cross-functional integration does not occur by chance, but by design, as a result of managerial practices and organizational arrangements. The significant heterogeneity characterizing the diffusion of cross-functional integration across firms is suggestive of the well-known tension between internal and external diffusion of knowledge. In this paper, we argue that the hidden cost of KI is to expose firms to a higher risk of knowledge leakages and provide the first systematic empirical evidence of this apparent tension between internal and external knowledge flows. Based on data from the CMU Survey (one of the rare datasets offering observables on both sides of the tension for a representative set of R&D active firms in the US), we investigate the impact of knowledge spillovers to competitors on internal cross-functional knowledge integration involving the R&D function among manufacturing firms. We find that the intensity of (tacit) R&D knowledge spillovers at the industry-level has a negative and significant impact on the likelihood that firms adopt or achieve KI. Our results therefore suggest that firms may trade their optimal innovative performance against superior appropriability of their rents. 相似文献
10.
新兴市场的创新状况在很大程度上决定于该市场中优秀跨国公司(MNCs)的技术学习成熟度。文章从信息加工的角度,对9家跨国公司的105个项目团队进行分析,探讨这些团队或其内部技术学习(知识获取,信息发布,信息理解与组织记忆)对新产品开发(NPD)结果(项目成功,开发速度与产品适时进入市场)的影响。研究结果显示,技术学习的四种指标中,只有组织记忆与新产品开发结果无直接关联。通过区分项目的复杂程度,文章进一步分析上述影响关系。文章认为,信息解释与组织记忆有助于低复杂程度项目的成功。相反,对于高复杂程度项目而言,产品的开发速度取决于组织记忆。 相似文献
11.
本研究选取我国制造业部分行业的企业员工为研究对象,将知识共享引入模糊前端(FFE)创新,通过构建FFE阶段及其关联因素与新产品开发(NPD)绩效之间的知识共享模型,实证分析知识共享对降低FFE不确定性和提升NPD绩效的影响机理。研究结果表明,FFE阶段市场、资源、组织及技术不确定性的降低对NPD绩效具有不同程度的正向影响;知识共享对降低市场、资源、组织与技术不确定性以及NPD绩效均具有不同程度的正向影响,尤其对NPD绩效的影响更为显著;详细的初始规划有利于降低市场、资源、组织与技术不确定性并提高NPD绩效。研究结果不仅对知识共享和模糊前端的深入研究具有重要理论启示,同时对我国制造业企业的新产品开发实践具有重要的现实指导意义。 相似文献
12.
This research contributes to the intra-organization, inter-organization, and new product development (NPD) management literature by studying the impact of a firm's internal organizational design on the communication within and performance of NPD projects conducted with strategic alliance partners. The empirical data were collected from three in-depth case studies of network lead companies (NLCs) operating in different industries. The three NLCs have different internal organizational designs, ranging from very flexible “organic” to very rigid “mechanistic.” In each NLC, a successful new-to-firm product development project was chosen for further detailed investigation. First, we identify the role the alliance's NPD project characteristics and industry characteristics play in determining the “intensity level” and “media richness” of communication required between the alliance's NPD project partners. Then, we examine how the internal organizational design influences the actual intensity and media richness of communication of the alliance's NPD project that matches our assumptions of what is required. 相似文献
13.
用户参与企业创新是提高新产品开发绩效的重要手段,但在吸纳用户参与自身创新过程时,企业需要在开放式创新的价值共创之利与管理复杂性之弊之间进行权衡。不同类型用户参与对企业NPD效应的差异及影响机理仍未得到充分揭示。基于创新理论与组织理论,采用444份国内企业样本,探索用户作为企业外部能动的创新源参与到企业创新过程中,对企业的组织协调机制及技术创新绩效的影响。发现：企业吸纳用户参与创新将有利于提升NPD绩效,但不同模式的用户参与提升企业NPD绩效的组织过程存在差异;用户以信息提供的方式参与企业创新,对企业NPD提升效应最强;组织跨界协调在用户参与提升企业NPD绩效的过程中起中介作用,特别是,对于用户作为独立创新者的参与方式,企业须经由正式设计的跨职能沟通机制,才能真正利用其有效贡献于企业NPD绩效的提升,否则用户独立创新可能对企业NPD绩效造成损害。文章最后讨论了理论贡献、管理意义与研究局限。 相似文献
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企业产品开发断点学习策略浅析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
知识是企业获得竞争优势的重要资源 ,对产品开发过程的知识进行有效的管理是企业获得可持续发展的关键。本文在分析了知识管理框架的基础上 ,结合产品开发工作的实际 ,提出了面向知识管理的企业产品开发断点学习策略 ,并就其理论和实际意义及实施进行了评论 相似文献
15.
网络与知识已成为提升科技型小微企业协同创新能力的关键,探索不同属性网络与知识促进协同创新能力提升是否存在差异?通过系统文献梳理,构建了协同创新网络、知识整合与协同创新能力之间关系的理论模型。以198家浙江科技型小微企业为样本,采用多元回归、结构方程、中介效应检验等方法对相关假设进行实证检验。研究结果表明：（1）协同创新网络中的异质性网络与同质化网络均能提升科技型小微企业协同创新能力,但前者的作用明显大于后者;（2）异质性知识整合在异质性网络与协同创新能力之间存在完全中介的作用,而同质化知识整合在同质化网络与协同创新能力之间存在部分中介效应。 相似文献
16.
The paper analyses the activity of research for “innovation knowledge”—here defined as knowledge that can lead to the introduction of service innovations—by Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS) companies. It proposes a classification of the possible search approaches adopted by those companies based on two dimensions: the pro-activity of search efforts and the source primarily used. Such classification is then discussed on the basis of the findings of a multiple case-study investigation involving 15 Italian and Polish KIBS companies. The study confirms that KIBS firms follow various approaches to acquire knowledge for innovation: some companies adopt a passive behaviour (i.e. innovative ideas come as a kind of side effect of their daily business activities), while others an active one (namely, they actively search for new ideas originating from various sources); some rely more on internal resources (employees, in-house R&D, internal documents, etc.), while others on external sources (clients, suppliers, service providers, universities, etc.). The results of the study have implications both for research and management that are discussed in the conclusions. 相似文献
17.
This paper provides a new point of view regarding the knowledge management of new product development (NPD), a high-tech field requiring the merging and integration of different technologies. As a case study, we examine the dynamism of the knowledge creation process in NPD at Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (hereafter referred to as NTT), a traditional Japanese telecommunication company, as it merges and integrates the different elements of broadband network technology, network operation technology, and multimedia processing technology etc., and we analyze the NPD processes of NTT. In a short period of time, a strategic team at NTT, consisting mainly of informal cross-functional middle managers transcending NTT's business divisions, formed strategic communities inside and outside the company, and then formed a network that transcended the strategic communities' boundaries. The synthesizing capability of the leadership-based strategic communities comprising community leaders inside the networked strategic communities enabled NTT to build new business models aimed at customers and achieve successful NPD ahead of other competitors. 相似文献
18.
效果逻辑知识搜寻与新产品开发优势 《科学学研究》2022,40(4):674-683
通过256家有效企业样本，对效果逻辑对新产品开发优势的作用机制进行探索，讨论并验证了知识搜寻的中介作用。研究发现：效果逻辑正向影响新产品开发速度和创新性，同时正向影响反应型搜寻和前瞻型搜寻；反应型搜寻对新产品开发速度的正向影响强于前瞻型搜寻，但对新产品创新性的正向影响弱于前瞻型搜寻。进一步地，反应型搜寻在效果逻辑与新产品开发速度之间起中介作用，而前瞻型搜寻在效果逻辑与新产品创新性之间起中介作用。 相似文献
19.
技术知识与新产品开发优势:战略导向的调节作用 《科学学研究》2021,39(9):1632-1640
技术知识是我国企业在高不确定性环境下参与国际竞争的必备条件,也是企业通过不同战略导向获取新产品开发优势的关键保障。基于257份企业样本数据,检验了技术知识与新产品开发优势双维度间关系,以及企业两种不同战略导向选择的调节作用。研究发现：技术知识对新产品开发速度与新产品创新性均有正向作用;市场导向分别正向调节技术知识与新产品开发速度间、新产品创新性间关系,且对前者的正向调节强度更强;技术导向负向调节技术知识与新产品开发速度间关系,但正向调节技术知识与新产品创新性间关系。 相似文献
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基于互联网的商业生态系统中,涌现出了先进管理知识在多主体参与下沿着供应链自驱动地进行链式传播的现象。但遗憾的是,现有的管理知识转移研究局限在二元主体,不能对此现象给出理论解释。基于传播模式的相似性和系统问题的特点,本文借用核物理中链式反应原理剖析案例中管理知识转移的机制,得出管理知识在系统中出现链式传播的三个关键要素:(1)系统内多方参与,服务供给市场无垄断;(2)原发刺激产生能为企业提高效率的管理知识;(3)企业之间依存度较高。本文的价值体现在:理论上初步发现了多元主体参与下管理知识转移的独有规律,充实了管理知识转移的研究范围和动力来源;实践上为企业管理学习和管理知识利用提供启示。 相似文献