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1.
《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2019,3(3):55-70
Evolutionary game theory expands into a number of areas that go beyond the biological concept of evolution to include sociology, economics, and business management. Social networks determine definite interactions between individuals in social settings. The common nature of these two broad areas of research generates interest in applying the approaches of evolutionary game theory to social network-based problems. Knowledge transfer that occurs in the process of social interaction improves a company's innovation capability. This paper attempts to explore ways in which networks relate to knowledge transfer on the basis of evolutionary game theory. We offer a simple mathematical model to examine the interaction of knowledge transfer and actor behavior in games of coordination. 相似文献
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In this study, we explore the coordination performance of the geographically distributed software development teams by exploring OSS (Open Source Software) development dataset available through SourceForge.com. OSS team structures have traditionally been geographically dispersed and therefore, the coordination of post release activities such as testing efforts have been carried out by means of communication via electronic forms, such as email or message boards and forums. In our current communication-enriched environment, best practices for coordination are adopted by all software projects yet some still fail to achieve their target performance. Does team structure have any bearing on the performance outcome of the project? How does the communication between teams and their external parties affect ultimate success or failure of projects? We seek to answer above questions by applying existing theories and analytical methods from social networks for exploring the coordination performance of defect management activities found in OSS projects. We propose social networks based theoretical model for exploring distributed coordination structure and apply that for the case of OSS defect management process for exploring the structural properties, which induce the greatest coordination performance. The outcome of our suggest that there is correlation between certain network measures such as density, centrality and betweenness and coordination performance measures of defect management systems such as quality and timeliness. 相似文献
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Studying information flow between node clusters can be conceptualised as an important challenge for the knowledge management research and practice community. We are confronted with issues related to establishing links between nodes and/or clusters during the process of information flow and search transfer in large distributed networks. In the case of missing socio-technical links, social networks can be instrumental in supporting the communities of practice interested in sharing and transferring knowledge across informal links. A comprehensive review of methodology for detecting missing links is provided. The proportion of common neighbours was selected as best practice to elicit missing links from a large health insurance data set. Weights were based on geographical arrangements of providers and the dollar value of transactions. The core network was elicited based on statistical thresholds. Suspicious, possibly fraudulent, behaviour is highlighted based on social network measures of the core. Our findings are supported by a health insurance industry expert panel. 相似文献
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Although previous research indicates a variety of facilitators of knowledge transfer, many firms still suffer from knowledge transfer difficulties. This study explores the relational antecedents of knowledge transfer by integrating the motivation–opportunity–ability framework with a social network approach, which emphasizes the relations among people rather than their attributes. To rigorously validate causal relations among network variables, the social networks of employees in a research and development department were surveyed twice in 6 months. A regression analysis with 76 × 76 networks using a multiple regression quadratic assignment procedure showed that opportunity and motivation were the first- and second-most influential factors for knowledge transfer, respectively. There was a marginal, but statistically significant effect for ability. The creation of a working environment in which knowledge transfer can easily take place, and motivating competent employees to transfer their knowledge, are critical to successful knowledge transfer. 相似文献
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通过分析新兴技术“多核心”创新网络形成机理，研究了新兴技术创新网络知识增长机制，构建了新兴技术“多核心”创新网络双重双向形成模型。运用仿真方法动态模拟新兴技术“多核心”创新网络形成过程，分析新兴技术创新网络结构及其节点动态演进的规律。研究表明新兴技术创新网络形成依赖于企业间知识转移行为，具有生命周期特性；在网络形成发展期知识状态增速最大并趋于饱和；在网络形成稳定期具有无标度特性，呈现“多核心”网络结构；新兴技术企业扩大知识转移的频率和范围，加速提升企业知识状态，是成为网络核心企业的有效途径。 相似文献
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A key element in the adoption of innovation is addressing the knowledge gap caused by its introduction in practice. This study examines the context in which information is searched, found and retrieved, reviewing previous related research work, especially in the area of cognitive information retrieval. As result of an extensive review of research literature on the adoption of online learning design systems in education and on information behaviour, the study proposes a social adoption of innovation model, which includes information systems and social networks, and features innovators and adopters of innovation that influence each other and participate simultaneously in the process of knowledge generation. The study also proposes two symbolic equations for general knowledge behaviour and general information seeking skills that reflect the contribution of multiple sources of information and the type of skills that are needed as part of the overall knowledge behaviour. 相似文献
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Attenborough FT 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2012,21(2):211-225
How are secondary accounts of "bad" scientific practice constructed? How do they engage with the primary data produced by "bad" scientists? And what happens to those primary data as generations of secondary accounts purporting to describe them accumulate? This paper addresses such questions via a case study of Dr. Hong, a microbiologist accused of "bad" scientific practice by numerous secondary accounts of the 2003 SARS outbreak. Bringing Hong's own account of his own actions into dialogue with one of the most influential secondary accounts of his actions, the paper highlights the gross disparity between the two. Having argued that the rhetorical structuring of the secondary account is, ultimately, responsible for Hong's characterisation as a "bad" scientist, it then moves to explore how subsequent accounts developed their own characterisations. What becomes clear is that as secondary accounts began feeding off one another, references to Hong's account disappeared. Aided by the concepts of the "vanishing" and the "phantasm", the paper concludes with a consideration of how this process left Hong's work with a very peculiar form of existence. 相似文献
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知识型企业核心员工离职时携带关键知识在组织间的同向迁移日益受到关注。基于社会资本视角对员工离职引发的知识由新雇主向原雇主反向迁移现象进行研究,是对目前关于核心员工离职引发关键知识迁移研究富有新意的拓展。认为作为社会资源载体的员工离职时,其社会网络嵌入方式发生变化,进而带来组织间联结的变化,并可能促使新,老雇主间结构洞的跨越及两者间关系网络的强化。对于员工离职引发的知识反向流动机制进行了初步分析,以期为企业优化核心员工离职过程中的知识管理机制,挖掘员工流动过程中的积极效应提供借鉴。 相似文献
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在大量调查问卷基础上,以江苏制造业企业为样本,从微观行为模式层面考察了影响我国企业跨国并购隐性知识转移的关键因素。研究结果表明:在控制了吸收能力、组织支持、接收动机、初级转移、高级转移、非正式群体与沟通和成功知识等相关因素后,知识模糊性和显性转移模式与隐性知识转移的效果之间呈现较显著的正向关系,而且这种正向关系还会因为知识嵌入性和隐转移模式解释变量的舍去而得到不同程度的加强。与一般认识不同的是,我们还发现,知识势差、物理距离和组织距离等与跨国并购过程隐性知识转移效果之间并不存在倒U型曲线关系,也不存在所谓的"门槛效应",它们之间呈现显著负相关关系。在统计分析的基础上,进一步考察了我国企业跨国并购过程中隐性知识转移的关键影响因素,从转移过程、融合过程、协调过程和反馈过程四种情景验证了企业隐性知识转移过程的特征差异以及它们对跨国并购隐性知识转移过程的内在作用机理。 相似文献
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20世纪后半叶,科学与社会秩序的共生现象凸显,即人类实践生产事实、重塑自然的过程与形成社会秩序和规范的过程紧密交织。共生过程中科学知识与社会秩序如何确立彼此？共生通过哪几个方面而实现？共生受到哪些文化与社会因素的影响？自20世纪70年代起,学者们先后从构成性共生、互动性共生来研究,贾萨诺夫又明确提出共生理论和秩序工具以及公民认识论、社会技术意象和法治主义等概念,加以解释。近十年间,共生理论逐步成型,成为新兴交叉学科科学技术论（Science & Technology Studies）的核心理论,为分析知识社会和知识政治提供了理论框架。目前,该理论有待更广泛的经验性比较研究来加以完善。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Information Management》2016,36(4):570-579
The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the relationship between the social capital accumulated among network members and the performance of learning networks in terms of their ability to enhance knowledge sharing among network members. A network level perspective guided the sampling strategy adopted for this survey involving 150 members of 16 European learning networks. Hierarchical multiple regression and structural equation modelling were employed to investigate the inter-relationships between dimensions of social capital and knowledge sharing in learning networks. The results reveal that social interaction and cognitive social capital are positively and significantly related to knowledge sharing in learning networks. Social interaction is also shown to play an important role in the development of shared vision and shared language (i.e. cognitive social capital) in learning networks. This paper sheds further light on the inter-relationships between different dimensions of social capital from a network (rather than firm) level perspective, and contributes to emerging theory on the antecedents to, and assessment of, performance in learning network entities. 相似文献
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《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2020,4(4):116-133
The system of innovation (SI) in the agriculture sector, termed as Agricultural Innovation System (AIS), is one of the most recent trends in innovation research, especially in the developing economies. This approach considers several factors such as actors, complex networks and learning, socio-cultural and political factors that affect the innovation process within a dynamic system. Using the AIS approach, the present paper explores the knowledge and learning interactions in the horticultural sector of Kashmir Valley of India, which offers a mix of both formal and informal activities. The research methodology is qualitative in nature based on both primary and secondary data. For primary data collection, apple growers, private and government sector actors were interviewed and secondary data is based on various reports and published materials related to the apple production in Kashmir. The analysis explores the interactions of knowledge production by formal and informal means in the horticultural sector specifically focusing on the informal ways. In the study, taking the case of canker disease treatment in apple trees by informal ways depicts the productive use of informal knowledge in the horticultural system. It was observed that many factors (social networks, life-long experiences, learning, coordination and group interactions) affect the informal knowledge generation process and the connectivity between formal and informal actors is lagging in the horticulture sector. 相似文献
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联盟中显性知识的转移是促进企业内部创新,提升创新能力的重要途径。如何对联盟进行有效控制,提高联盟中显性知识转移的效率是企业家和管理学者们未来研究的重大课题。本文基于资源理论、交易成本理论和组织理论,分析了联盟中显性知识转移、企业内部创新以及不同联盟控制方式之间的关系,构建了显性知识转移、企业内部创新和联盟控制关系的理论模型,并提出了相应的假设。 相似文献
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Complexity, networks and knowledge flow 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Because knowledge plays an important role in the creation of wealth, economic actors often wish to skew the flow of knowledge in their favor. We ask, when will an actor socially close to the source of some knowledge have the greatest advantage over distant actors in receiving and building on the knowledge? Marrying a social network perspective with a view of knowledge transfer as a search process, we argue that the value of social proximity to the knowledge source depends crucially on the nature of the knowledge at hand. Simple knowledge diffuses equally to close and distant actors because distant recipients with poor connections to the source of the knowledge can compensate for their limited access by means of unaided local search. Complex knowledge resists diffusion even within the social circles in which it originated. With knowledge of moderate complexity, however, high-fidelity transmission along social networks combined with local search allows socially proximate recipients to receive and extend knowledge generated elsewhere, while interdependencies stymie more distant recipients who rely heavily on unaided search. To test this hypothesis, we examine patent data and compare citation rates across proximate and distant actors on three dimensions: (1) the inventor collaboration network; (2) firm membership; and (3) geography. We find robust support for the proposition that socially proximate actors have the greatest advantage over distant actors for knowledge of moderate complexity. We discuss the implications of our findings for the distribution of intra-industry profits, the geographic agglomeration of industries, the design of social networks within firms, and the modularization of technologies. 相似文献
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中外企业战略联盟知识转移效率的实证分析 总被引：26，自引：1，他引：26
本文从知识的属性出发分析了战略联盟中知识转移的基本过程,进而讨论了在中外企业战略联盟中影响知识转移效率的因素,认为中外企业之间的差异、联盟成员间的沟通以及联盟所采用的控制方式将决定中外联盟中知识转移的效率。通过调查问卷获得142家中外联盟的数据,本文对所提出的假说进行了检验,结果表明联盟成员间的管理差异及对正式控制的依赖将降低知识转移的效率,而联盟当中的沟通和对社会控制的差异将提高知识转移的效率。 相似文献
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本文基于社会资本理论,运用多元回归模型探索团队内部知识转移过程中的影响因素,检验了社会网络传递性在团队多样性和企业内部知识转移之间的中介作用。调研过程基于研究者对调研对象的相关培训后开展,对来自中国某银行92个团队的1159人进行了调研。结果显示,传递性在教育程度多样性与知识转移之间扮演完全中介的角色以及在年龄多样性与知识转移之间扮演部分中介的角色。此外,团队多样性对传递性和知识转移都具有显著影响。 相似文献
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关于大学科技园的一个网络分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
大学科技园是一种以大学为依托,由社会网络、商业网络和专业网络交叠而成的创新网络。成功的大学科技园不仅意味着相关行动者之间的互动学习,同时也意味着使这种互动学习得以可能的共同知识基础和合作规范。在这里,不断衍生的企业构成了技术创新的主体和科技园网络进化的中心环节。通过他们的持续创业,大学科技园网络得以融入到区域创新网络之中,并向全球网络延伸。其中所体现的,是可扩展的自生自发秩序,是学术场域中的大学和经济场域中的企业之间的共生共荣。 相似文献
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在技术联盟网络特征和企业知识转移行为特征分析的基础上,采用计算机仿真方法模拟知识在技术联盟网络间转移行为,研究了企业学习能力差异性、网络结构对技术联盟网络知识转移行为的影响.结果发现:网络拓扑结构对知识在技术联盟网络间的转移产生影响;联盟网络越小、企业的邻接点越多,知识转移得越快;企业的学习能力越强,其学习门限越低,越有利于知识的快速转移. 相似文献