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1.
公共危机决策网络治理结构学习机理探析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
危机已经成为现代社会环境的常态,而单一政府危机决策主体因为其种种缺陷而成为危机应对的掣肘,甚至形成许多新的危机源。塑造由多元决策主体所构成的公共危机决策网络治理结构,成为了必然的选择,我们塑造的公共危机决策网络治理结构应该是具有高度前瞻眼光、强烈全局意识和快速机敏智胜的动态学习型系统,学习成为其生命力延续最重要的动力机制。 相似文献
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Ethics and Information Technology - This paper approaches the interaction of a health professional with an AI system for diagnostic purposes as a hybrid decision making process and conceptualizes... 相似文献
3.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been in existence for over six decades and has experienced AI winters and springs. The rise of super computing power and Big Data technologies appear to have empowered AI in recent years. The new generation of AI is rapidly expanding and has again become an attractive topic for research. This paper aims to identify the challenges associated with the use and impact of revitalised AI based systems for decision making and offer a set of research propositions for information systems (IS) researchers. The paper first provides a view of the history of AI through the relevant papers published in the International Journal of Information Management (IJIM). It then discusses AI for decision making in general and the specific issues regarding the interaction and integration of AI to support or replace human decision makers in particular. To advance research on the use of AI for decision making in the era of Big Data, the paper offers twelve research propositions for IS researchers in terms of conceptual and theoretical development, AI technology-human interaction, and AI implementation. 相似文献
4.
As the capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) systems improve, it becomes important to constrain their actions to ensure their behaviour remains beneficial to humanity. A variety of ethical, legal and safety-based frameworks have been proposed as a basis for designing these constraints. Despite their variations, these frameworks share the common characteristic that decision-making must consider multiple potentially conflicting factors. We demonstrate that these alignment frameworks can be represented as utility functions, but that the widely used Maximum Expected Utility (MEU) paradigm provides insufficient support for such multiobjective decision-making. We show that a Multiobjective Maximum Expected Utility paradigm based on the combination of vector utilities and non-linear action–selection can overcome many of the issues which limit MEU’s effectiveness in implementing aligned AI. We examine existing approaches to multiobjective AI, and identify how these can contribute to the development of human-aligned intelligent agents. 相似文献
5.
Changjun Lee Dieter Franz Kogler Daeho Lee 《Information processing & management》2019,56(4):1576-1591
In addressing persistent gaps in existing theories, recent advances in data-driven research approaches offer novel perspectives and exciting insights across a spectrum of scientific fields concerned with technological change and the socio-economic impact thereof. The present investigation suggests a novel approach to identify and analyze the evolution of technology sectors, in this case, information and communications technology (ICT), considering international collaboration patterns and knowledge flows and spillovers via information inputs derived from patent documents.The objective is to utilize and explore information regarding inventors’ geo-location, technology sector classifications, and patent citation records to construct various types of networks. This, in turn, will open up avenues to discover the nature of evolutionary pathways in ICT trajectories and will also provide evidence of how the overall ICT knowledge space, as well as directional knowledge flows within the ICT space, have evolved differently. It is expected that this data-driven inquiry will deliver intuitive results for decision makers seeking evidence for future resource allocation and who are interested in identifying well-suited collaborators for the development of potential next-generation technologies. Further, it will equip researchers in technology management, economic geography, or similar fields with a systematic approach to analyze evolutionary pathways of technological advancements and further enable exploitation and development of new theories regarding technological change and its socio-economic consequences. 相似文献
6.
《Research Policy》2023,52(2):104661
Using patent data for a panel sample of European companies between 1995 and 2016 we explore whether the inventive success in Artificial Intelligence (AI) is related to earlier firms’ innovation in the area of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and identify which company characteristics and external factors shape this performance. We show that AI innovation presents strong dynamic returns (learning effects) and benefits from complementaries with knowledge earlier developed in the area of network and communication technologies, high-speed computing and data analysis, and more recently cognition and imaging. AI patent productivity increases with the scale of firm innovation, and is lower for companies with narrow technological competences. There is evidence of knowledge spillovers from ICT innovators to AI innovators, but this effect is confined to the frontier firms of the new technological field. Our findings suggest that, with the take-off of the new technology, the technological lead of top AI innovators has increased due to the accumulation of internal competences and the expanding knowledge base. These trends help explain the concentration process of the world’s data market. 相似文献
7.
基于减灾能力评价的洪涝灾害综合风险研究简 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着经济社会的发展,减灾能力在灾害系统中的作用与日俱增,不同的减灾能力对自然灾害灾情的影响可能很大。本文在前人研究成果基础上,认为在灾害系统结构和功能体系中应加入减灾能力要素,并提出灾害系统应由致灾因子、孕灾环境、承灾体和减灾能力复合构成。区域灾害系统功能体系由致灾因子风险性、孕灾环境稳定性、承灾体脆弱性和减灾能力抵御性复合构成,形成了文章提出的考虑减灾能力的洪涝灾害综合风险理论。该理论认为假定在孕灾环境相对稳定情况下,洪涝灾害综合风险与一定强度洪涝灾害发生的概率和一定强度洪涝灾害造成的损失呈正相关,与灾害发生区域减灾能力的抵御性呈负相关,给出了洪涝灾害综合风险指数模型,并给出了致灾因子概率指数、灾害损失指数和综合减灾能力指数的具体表达公式。以淮河流域中游安徽段为例进行了实例评价,结果表明该综合风险评估模型和方法具有较好的适用性,在积累一定时间的减灾能力评价数据基础上,可以对未来某区域的综合风险进行预测,为政府防灾减灾行政管理提供决策参考。本文以洪涝灾害为例研究了区域的综合风险,对研究其他类型的自然灾害也具有一定的借鉴意义和实用价值。 相似文献
8.
为满足信息化条件下民防部门构建健壮的灾难管理系统的需求,结合我国民防部门的特点和信息化建设的实际能力,依据知识管理理论,提出了一种构建民防灾难管理系统的新方案.并对系统的组成、功能、灾后恢复策略及如何利用系统实施有效的应急演练进行了进一步阐述. 相似文献
9.
灾情直报系统是在气象部门系统内部运行的系统,主要统计气象原因引发的灾害和损失,具有完整可靠的灾情数据收集、传输、处理、入库、管理、应用流程。本文主要针对省级以下部门不能修改该系统灾情数据库的问题,做出适用于江西本地的改进,重新创建江西本省的灾情数据,并进行网上共享,方便全省气象工作人员进行灾情统计和操作。 相似文献
10.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):187-193
Social media (SM) are fast becoming a locus of disaster-related activities that range from volunteers helping locate disaster victims to actions that are malicious and offensive, from sincere expressions of empathy towards affected communities to consuming disaster imagery for mere entertainment, from recovery support funds being collected to online marketers preying on the attention afforded to a disaster event. Because of the diversity and sheer volume of both relevant and irrelevant information circulating throughout SM, prioritising an affected population’s needs and relevant data is an increasingly complex task. In addition, SM data need to be interpreted as manifestations of social processes related to community resilience, diversity and conflict of interests, and attitudes to particular response strategies. The use of SM in disasters generates a growing need for domain-specific technological solutions that can enhance public interests as well as address the needs of both disaster managers and the affected population. This task requires integrating social sciences into the development of tools that enable disaster SM data detection, filtering, analysis and representation. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a critical-constructive dialogue between social scientists and developers of SM analytic capabilities. In the context of historical, anthropological and sociological research on disaster, this paper outlines concepts of the disaster paradigm, data as a product of social and representational practices, and disaster context, and discusses their heuristic significance for the analysis of disaster SM as a manifestation of social and cultural practices. 相似文献
11.
基于国际电信联盟（ITU）曾经使用的信息通信技术发展指数（旧IDI），提出改进的信息通信技术/数字化发展指数（新IDI）。2007年以来，金砖五国信息化和数字经济水平均有较大提升，其中四国的信息通信技术（ICT）/数字化发展水平已达到或接近G20国家中等水平。金砖五国中，俄罗斯ICT接入指数最高，中国、南非和印度ICT接入情况得到了明显改善；中国ICT应用指数增长近3倍，其他四国也在ICT应用领域得到显著提高；在ICT技能上，俄罗斯、中国与南非已有超过90%、巴西为超过85%的国民拥有互联网上交流和使用的条件；总体看来，俄罗斯相关发展水平长期领先，中国、巴西与南非居中，印度与其他四国有一定差距。相比2007年，金砖国家平均信息通信技术/数字化发展指数（IDI）水平在2020年时和G20平均水平的差距已大幅缩小，主要得益于其网络建设和普及。分析表明，IDI与各国在信息通信领域发表的SCI论文数和WOS中的非SCI论文数（不考虑2020年）存在正相关，中国以及巴俄印三国（不考虑2020年）专利数量与IDI指数之间具有一定的正相关，巴西、俄罗斯、南非三国的IDI与本国人均生产总值的关联度不显... 相似文献
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为解决现有的山区暴雨-地质、市区暴雨-洪涝灾害模型在链式反应推理和精度上的不足,基于贝叶斯网络理论分析暴雨灾害演化规律,构建灾害链推理模型;根据国内暴雨灾害历史数据和相关文献总结选取暴雨灾害节点变量,构建暴雨灾害链拓扑结构,并应用期望最大化算法求得暴雨灾害条件概率,基于因果推理实现对暴雨引发的次生灾害和基础设施损毁等级的预测。最后以湖南省宁远县2017年6月22日至7月1日间因暴雨导致的滑坡洪灾为例,运用上述暴雨-地质、暴雨-洪涝灾害链推理模型进行实例验证,预测结果与实际情况吻合较好,Brier检验的B值小于0.6,结果表明该灾害链推理模型具有可行性。 相似文献
14.
《Information processing & management》2023,60(5):103446
Some businesses on product development prefer to use a chatbot for judging the customer's view. Today, the ability of a chatbot to consider the context is challenging due to its technical nature. Sometimes, it may misjudge the context, making the wrong decision in predicting the product's originality in the market. This task of chatbot helps the enterprise make huge profits from accurate predictions. However, chatbots may commit errors in dialogs and bring inappropriate responses to users, reducing the confidentiality of product and marketing information. This, in turn, reduces the enterprise gain and imposes cost complications on businesses. To improve the performance of chatbots, AI models are used based on deep learning concepts. This research proposes a multi-headed deep neural network (MH-DNN) model for addressing the logical and fuzzy errors caused by retrieval chatbot models. This model cuts down on the error raised from the information loss. Our experiments extensively trained the model on a large Ubuntu dialog corpus. The recall evaluation scores showed that the MH-DNN approach slightly outperformed selected state-of-the-art retrieval-based chatbot approaches. The results obtained from the MHDNN augmentation approach were pretty impressive. In our proposed work, the MHDNN algorithm exhibited accuracy rates of 94% and 92%, respectively, with and without the help of the Seq2Seq technique. 相似文献
15.
汪丽 《科学学与科学技术管理》2006,27(10):99-102
关注共同愿景在战略决策过程中的作用,研究共同愿景与公司战略决策质量的关系.研究结果证实了共同愿景与决策质量之间存在显著的正相关关系,并且决策承诺在共同愿景和决策质量的关系中起中介作用. 相似文献
16.
利用1980-2012年淮北平原冬小麦开花至成熟期间的气象资料及其单产、种植面积和耕地面积等资料,采用主成分分析法构建连阴雨综合致灾因子,采用有序样本最优聚类方法进行致灾等级划分,综合连阴雨致灾强度、灾损率和冬小麦对连阴雨的敏感性及其抗灾能力,建立冬小麦灌浆期连阴雨灾害综合风险指数(R)并进行了风险区划。结果表明,淮北平原冬小麦灌浆期连阴雨致灾等级为轻、中、重、特重4个等级,对应的阈值(D)分别为0.0D≤0.20、0.20D≤0.40、0.40D≤0.6、0.60D≤1.0。灌浆期连阴雨灾害综合风险划分为低、中、高和特高4个风险区,R对应阈值分别为R≤0.25、0.25R≤0.50、0.50R≤0.75和R0.75,其中:特高风险区主要分布在南部沿淮的阜南、颍上县内,平原中部大部分区域为高风险区,中部偏北和平原东南部与江苏省接壤的小区域为中风险区,砀山和亳州北部乡镇为低风险区。 相似文献
17.
Artificial Intelligence tools have attracted attention from the literature and business organizations in the last decade, especially by the advances in machine learning techniques. However, despite the great potential of AI technologies for solving problems, there are still issues involved in practical use and lack of knowledge as regards using AI in a strategic way, in order to create business value. In this context, the present study aims to fill this gap by: providing a critical literature review related to the integration of AI to organizational strategy; synthetizing the existing approaches and frameworks, highlighting the potential benefits, challenges and opportunities; presenting a discussion about future research directions. Through a systematic literature review, research articles were analyzed. Besides gaps for future studies, a conceptual framework is presented, discussed according to four sources of value creation: (i) decision support; (ii) customer and employee engagement; (iii) automation; and (iv) new products and services. These findings contribute to both theoretical and managerial perspectives, with extensive opportunities for generating novel theory and new forms of management practices. 相似文献
18.
共同愿景、决策承诺与决策质量关系实证研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文关注共同愿景在战略决策过程中的作用，以中国各行业共计182家公司为研究样本，研究其同愿景与公司战略决策质量的关系，尤其是受共同愿景影响较大的决策者承诺在其中的中介作用。研究结果证实了共同愿案与决策质量之间存在显著的正相关关系，并且决策承诺在共同愿景和决策质量的关系中起中介作用。本文对共同愿景和决策质量关系的研究，可以加深人们理解企业文化，特别是共同愿景在企业价值创造过程中的作用机理。 相似文献
19.
This article spotlights the need to develop capacity for ICT policy and regulation within developing countries. It argues that capacity should to be developed among all stakeholders, not solely within government agencies, because that would enable effective participation by many players in the regulatory process. The resulting participatory regulatory process will in turn increase accountability and procedural legitimacy. The article examines different approaches to developing in situ expertise, especially just-in-time learning and open-source research. 相似文献
20.
《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2019,30(1):59-69
We empirically examine the relationship between managerial burnout, perception of corporate culture, and social network position in a large, indigenous-owned Caribbean based information technology firm. A full-network sample was used to estimate a manager's centrality in both the strategy/management decision-making network and technical/operations communication network. Using a structural equation model, the results indicated that strong ties in the strategic/management decision making centrality network resulted in a less accurate perception of the dominant culture. Management decision making centrality, however, was also related to less emotional exhaustion. On the other hand, technical/operations centrality resulted in higher levels of exhaustion and a more accurate perception of the dominant organizational culture. The study also showed that differences in a manager's perception of organizational culture impacted cynicism. 相似文献