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Theoretical, empirical and anecdotal evidence suggests that there are more violations of sustainability principles in supply chains in developing countries than in developed countries. Recent research has demonstrated that blockchain can play an important role in promoting supply chain sustainability. In this paper we argue that blockchain’s characteristics are especially important for enforcing sustainability standards in developing countries. We analyze multiple case studies of blockchain projects implemented in supply chains in developing countries to assess product quality, environmental accounting and social impact measurement. We have developed seven propositions, which describe how blockchain can help address a number of challenges various stakeholders face in promoting sustainable supply chains in developing countries. The challenges that the propositions deal with include those associated with an unfavorable institutional environment, high costs, technological limitations, unequal power distribution among supply chain partners and porosity and opacity of value delivery networks. 相似文献
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In this paper we consider the problem of designing an efficient supply strategy for logistic systems with perishable goods. In the analyzed systems, the stock at a distribution center is used to fulfill an unknown, time-varying market demand. The stock deteriorates exponentially, and is replenished with delay from a remote supply source. The objective is to specify a supply strategy such that high level of demand satisfaction is obtained despite unknown pattern of demand variations. As opposed to the previous approaches based mainly on heuristics and static optimization, we apply formal design methodology of sliding-mode control and discrete-time dynamical optimization. We show that the designed controller ensures full demand satisfaction irrespective of the value of delay and the demand uncertainty. Moreover, with the application of appropriate reaching law, the controller is demonstrated to conform to the supplier capacity limitations, and it outperforms the classical order-up-to policy in terms of higher service level, smaller holding costs, and smaller order-to-demand variance ratio. 相似文献
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一个供应商和一个零售商构成的供应链,其需求同时受销售商的销售努力和零售定价影响。批发价格和回购价是制造商影响零售商定价和订货的常用方法。据此,考察固定价格和相机定价两种定价策略。在零售商销售努力可证实时,分析制造商的成本分担与两种价格策略的组合契约的供应链协调能力。在零售商销售努力不可证实时,提出两类限制性回购契约,分析两类限制回购契约与两类定价策略的组合契约协调供应链能力。数值分析揭示了限制回购合约协调供应链时可能对制造商利润带来的影响。 相似文献
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Inter-organizational Systems (IOS) are network-enabled information systems that extend boundaries of an organization. There is a growing interest among researchers and practitioners to understand how the use of IOS enhances firm performance. In this study, we examine how IOS use impacts an organization’s supply chain management (SCM) capabilities and supply chain performance. Drawing on the resource-based view theory, we examine two mechanisms that are essential for enhanced supply chain performance: (a) efficient IOS external utilization regarding its networked partners and (b) the maximization of IOS organizational management capabilities in supply chain management. Using data from 193 respondents from various manufacturers and distributors of fast-moving consumer goods, we confirm all the hypotheses posited in the research model. The results demonstrate the dual effect of IOS use in improving operational supply chain performance, SCM capabilities, and the mediating role of SCM capabilities. We discuss contributions of the study to research and practice. 相似文献
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生态工业园集群式供应链生成机理与运作模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
摘要：随着我国各类产业集群的迅猛发展,资源与环境的压力也日益显现出来,如何有效治理“工业废弃物”,实现集群企业的可持续发展,是一个亟需解决的现实问题。本文根据产业集群和生态工业园的特点,提出了集群式供应链环境治理的概念和内涵,从集群式供应链的角度来分析生态工业园运作的机理,并从国内外生态工业园实践总结出三种集群式供应链运作模式,即依托型循环运作模式、共生型循环运作模式、动静脉循环运作模式,分析了每一种模式的特点和存在的风险,并提出相应的政策建议,以期为我国传统产业集群向生态工业园改造提供理论借鉴。 相似文献
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In today’s marketplace, firms participating in a supply chain are required to work collaboratively to quickly respond to market and consumer demands. To understand how firms may effectively achieve supply chain collaboration, this paper presents an empirical study using a moderated mediation model that explores the effects of formal contract, e-business strategic alignment (including intellectual and operational alignment) and the degree of competition on collaboration in demand-driven supply chain. Using data from a survey of IT and business executives in 209 firms, we discover that formal contract has a positive effect on supply chain collaboration through intellectual and operational alignment. In addition, the positive mediating effect of operational alignment is stronger under a higher degree of competition. Although there is no moderated mediation effect in the path of formal contract-intellectual alignment-supply chain collaboration, the degree of competition shows a negative moderated effect on the relationship between formal contract and intellectual alignment, and a positive moderated effect on the relationship between intellectual alignment and supply chain collaboration. Learnings from this study contribute to supply chain management literature, and provide a comprehensive view of the governance and strategic antecedents of supply chain collaboration under various environmental circumstances. 相似文献
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港口供需匹配及其评价指标体系直接关乎着港口运营效率的高低,是港口管理部门和港口运营部门关注的重要内容。本研究对港口供需匹配指标体系构建进行了研究,主要创新点包括:一是提出了港口供给和需求匹配的影响因素,海选出了港口供给和需求匹配相关指标体系。二是利用相关-主成分分析得到了优化精简港口供需匹配指标体系。在采集上海港2000-2013年年度数据,利用相关分析剔除了相关系数高于0.8的指标,一次优化指标体系中供给和需求指标数量分别仅保留了44%和33.3%;利用主成分分析对初筛的评价指标体系进行二次优化筛选,结果表明优化筛选后的供给和需求指标用25%和24%的评价指标都能够反映90%以上的一次优化指标信息。 相似文献
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随着计算机网络的日益发展,供应链销售渠道已经从传统的零售形式发展成为零售与网络直销并存的局面。本文针对目前供应链混合销售渠道中容量分配存在的一些问题,基于收益管理的思想,引入市场机制,提出了竞拍协调方式,解决供应商在不知道零售商真实需求信息的情况下,市场需求大于供应商生产能力时的容量分配问题。 相似文献
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Blockchain technology is said to have a high disruptive potential and can do without an intermediary. Numerous contributions deal with its impact on and possibilities for logistics and supply chains. In this article, we use a multiple case analysis to develop an explanatory model for the interaction of actors in an operational supply chain involving blockchain technology. In addition, we show which intermediary tasks the blockchain could replace and what impact this would have on the industry logic. For this purpose, we analyze the status quo in practice based on a multiple case study with real use cases and find answers to our research questions. The findings of the paper include (1) insights into the impact of blockchain technology on the logistics industry, and (2) the implications and research questions related to blockchain technology and the impact of blockchain technology on business models. 相似文献
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供应链风险问题日益凸显,相关研究刚刚起步。本文基于对中国制造企业调研的176份数据,利用层析回归分析的方法,研究基于不确定性的供应链运作风险对企业竞争能力及绩效的影响。研究结果表明,基于不确定性的供应链运作风险对企业竞争能力并非完全是负面影响(供应风险负向影响产品质量、交付可靠以及流程柔性三种竞争能力,需求风险则促进企业提高产品质量和交付可靠,技术风险促使企业提升流程柔性);同时,流程柔性可以直接促进运作绩效和财务绩效,而产品质量和交付可靠则是通过运作绩效来间接提升财务绩效。 相似文献
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Purpose – This paper aims to explore the role of internal and external knowledge-based linkages across the supply chain in achieving better operational performance. It investigates how knowledge is accumulated, shared, and applied to create organization-specific knowledge resources that increase and sustain the organization’s competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses a single case study with multiple, embedded units of analysis, and the social network analysis (SNA) to demonstrate the impact of internal and external knowledge-based linkages across multiple tiers in the supply chain on the organizational operational performance. The focal company of the case study is an Italian manufacturer supplying rubber components to European automotive enterprises. Findings – With the aid of the SNA, the internal knowledge-based linkages can be mapped and visualized. We found that the most central nodes having the most connections with other nodes in the linkages are the most crucial members in terms of knowledge exploration and exploitation within the organization. We also revealed that the effective management of external knowledge-based linkages, such as buyer company, competitors, university, suppliers, and subcontractors, can help improve the operational performance. Research limitations/implications – First, our hypothesis was tested on a single case. The analysis of multiple case studies using SNA would provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between the knowledge-based linkages at all levels of the supply chain and the integration of knowledge. Second, the static nature of knowledge flows was studied in this research. Future research could also consider ongoing monitoring of dynamic linkages and the dynamic characteristic of knowledge flows. Originality/value – To the best of our knowledge, the phrase ‘knowledge-based linkages’ has not been used in the literature and there is lack of investigation on the relationship between the management of internal and external knowledge-based linkages and the operational performance. To bridge the knowledge gap, this paper will show the importance of understanding the composition and characteristics of knowledge-based linkages and their knowledge nodes. In addition, this paper will show that effective management of knowledge-based linkages leads to the creation of new knowledge and improves organizations’ operational performance. 相似文献
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碳中和目标下,基于供应链调整各国间的碳排放关系,明确中国碳排放责任与形象,对于中国深化绿色发展、实现低碳转型具有重要意义。基于全球供应链视角,引入生产与贸易中的碳排放问题,并构建碳供应链测度分析模型。本文基于2008—2014年世界投入产出数据库（WIOD）数据,首先,明确中国在碳供应链生产端的国内生产长度、国外生产长度,以及中国在碳供应链贸易端的碳出口、碳进口规模;其次,测算并总结中国、美国等19个世界主要国家碳净出口与国内碳排放情况,对比分析上述国家碳泄漏与碳减排情况,从而剖析并刻画中国碳排放责任与形象;最后,基于19个世界主要国家碳供应链生产、贸易端的情况,总结得出各国碳供应链国内、国外情况,进一步探究中国在全球供应链视角下的碳排放责任与形象调整方向。结果表明：①中国国内生产长度呈现二、三、一产业梯次化衰减特征,国外生产长度明显趋短,且能源、电气等关键产业陷入低端锁定困局;②中国年均碳出口、碳进口分别达880.375 MT、401.328 MT,碳规模位居世界前列;③中国贡献了41.21%的碳净出口份额,美英日法则形成686.511 MT的碳泄漏缺口,中国以全球最大的碳净出口国家身份,在全球供应链体系中承担积极的碳排放责任;中美俄国内碳排放达到1000 MT以上,但中国碳减排率达3.79%,显著高于美国2.07%、俄罗斯-1.05%,中国以较高的碳利用率呈现碳减排形象;④中国国内、国外碳供应链均处于“野猪型”状态,碳供应链质量有待提升;发达国家国内碳供应链多以“水牛型”状态出现,萎缩的经济降低了生产能力与碳排放量;国外碳供应链中,发达国家多呈现“乌龟型”特征,碳减排乏力且碳排放责任推诿。因此,中国须针对生产环节调整产业结构,摆脱产业依赖,继续秉持大国碳减排责任、呈现积极的碳排放形象。 相似文献
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我国科技保险供需不足的经济分析与对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
经过近3年的试点,科技保险加强和改善了对高新技术企业的保险服务,支持了企业增强自主创新能力。然而在发展中也面临很多问题,比较突出的是供需不足。利用效用函数分别从保险公司、科技企业角度分析供需不足的原因在于保险公司过高的经营成本,企业的资金有限,高费率等。而科技保险产品本身的外部性导致资源配置不当。由此提出利用多种方式解决科技保险外部性问题,不断创新科技保险,加大宣传力度,以增加科技保险的有效供给和需求。 相似文献
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中国铬需求预测及资源供应安全态势分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
铬是全球公认的战略物资。随着近年来中国铬资源需求的快速上升,铬资源进口量也大幅增加,铬资源供应安全面临多重威胁。本文首先分析了中国铬资源供需现状,然后通过总结发达国家经验,预测了中国铬资源未来的需求趋势;在此基础上,本文构建了包括国内供需因素、进口因素、国际市场因素在内的3个二级指标以及现有资源保障度、二次资源回收水平等9个三级指标的铬资源供应安全指标体系,并采用层次分析法评价了中国铬资源供应安全现状,计算了中国2000年、2005年、2010年、2013年、2020年和2030年的铬资源供应安全指数。结果表明：中国铬资源供应安全指数呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势,近年来铬资源供应不安全程度持续上升,目前已处于高位,未来随着2020年铬资源需求到达顶点、二次资源回收水平的上升以及进口来源渠道的拓展,中国铬资源安全形势将逐步好转。 相似文献
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不确定需求及WTP差异下的再制造回收模式选择 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在新产品及再制造产品的需求均为不确定的情形下,考虑了两种产品之间消费者支付意愿的差异性,分别建立了制造商回收、零售商回收及第三方回收三种不同回收模式下的再制造闭环供应链模型,并给出求解的优化条件,然后利用数值仿真对三种回收模型进行了求解和比较分析。结果表明,制造商主导的再制造闭环供应链中,第三方回收模式下制造商利润最高,制造商回收模式下新产品及再制造产品的零售价均最低,制造商利润、零售商利润及渠道总利润随再制造产品的消费者支付意愿的增加先减少后增加。 相似文献
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考虑市场的随机需求,研究从制造商到最终客户的多层供应链与供应链的竞争问题,根据给定的假设条件和存在的问题进行分析,选取供应链网络的利润最大化为择优标准,利用变分不等式理论构建了具有随机需求的多供应链竞争网络模型,刻画了多供应链之间的竞争行为。通过用修正投影算法求解文中算例,对算例计算结果进行了分析,分析结果验证了模型的合理性。为以后分析供应链形成过程奠定一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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供应链管理理论为供应链成员企业创造了巨大的价值,也使供应链管理理论成为管理科学近50年来最重要的理论之一。按照供应链管理发展的不同阶段,对供应链管理的内容进行整理。据此预测了电子市场环境下供应链间走向合作竞争的趋势,主张供应链在发展的过程中,应根据自身所处的环境特点制定恰当的策略。 相似文献