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依据经济增长理论,利用中国30个省市、自治区的面板数据（西藏除外）,结合空间计量模型探讨了中国各地区的自主创新、省际之间的技术溢出以及吸收能力对经济增长的影响.通过构造基于地理距离的空间权重矩阵,利用空间面板数据模型分析各因素对中国各地区经济增长的影响.研究结果表明,中国各地区之间经济增长具有较强的空间相关性,且西部地区的空间效应最为明显.从影响经济增长的各因素看,中国经济增长仍主要靠对劳动力以及资本的投入拉动;一个地区对R&D的投入不仅可以显著提高本地区的经济发展水平,还会通过技术溢出显著影响与其地理位置邻近的地区的经济增长,且该地区的人力资本水平越高,对其经济增长的影响也将越大.在上述分析的基础上,本文就如何提高欠发达地区的经济发展水平、缩小与发达地区的经济差距提出相关建议. 相似文献
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运用随机前沿模型和经济增长分解模型,将中国省区1985—2009年的劳均产出分解为技术效率、技术进步、资本深化和人力资本积累四个部分,并分析了它们对经济增长的贡献,同时利用相对趋同测试检验了它们对中国省际经济差距的影响。研究结果表明,技术进步、资本深化及人力资本积累均对地区经济增长具有明显促进作用,其中技术进步的促进作用更大,而技术效率的恶化则阻碍了地区经济增长;在此期间中国省际劳均产出差距明显扩大,其中技术效率和资本深化的省际差异是其主要原因,人力资本积累对地区差距的扩大作用并不明显,而技术进步则对地区差距的扩大具有明显的抑制作用。最后给出相关对策建议。 相似文献
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技术环境悖论认为技术同时是环境变化的起源和补救方式。中国工业加速发展不仅带来了技术进步和工业繁荣,也导致了一系列生态问题。在测算2007—2011年中国各地区超效率生态效率的基础上,利用省际面板数据分析工业技术对生态效率的影响。结果表明:(1)中国的生态效率自东向西逐渐降低,资源环境要素生产率增长主要来源于技术进步;(2)虽然整体上工业自主创新和创新成果转化仍未摆脱粗放特征,但东南沿海地区自主创新对生态效率已呈显著正效应;(3)整体上高技术行业对生态效率的正效应显著,但中西部地区仍应加快完善高技术行业以促进生态正效应显现。 相似文献
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技术环境悖论认为技术同时是环境变化的起源和补救方式,中国工业加速发展不仅带来了技术进步和工业繁荣,也导致了一系列生态问题。本文在测算2007-2011中国各地区超效率生态效率的基础上,利用省际面板数据分析工业技术对生态效率的影响。结果表明：(1)中国的生态效率自东向西逐渐降低,资源环境要素生产率增长主要来源于技术进步;(2)虽然整体上工业自主创新和创新成果转化仍未摆脱粗放特征,但东南沿海地区自主创新对生态效率已呈显著正效应;(3)整体上高技术行业对生态效率的正效应显著,但中西部地区仍应加快完善高技术行业以促进生态正效应显现。 相似文献
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针对开放式创新驱动与绿色发展融合下工业绿色增长路径及动力来源多元化特征，基于中国工业2009-2015省际面板数据，通过考虑非期望产出的Super-SBM模型测算环境和能源约束下的工业绿色增长结构，并采用改进的动态门槛回归模型，从地区知识积累视角系统探究外部知识源化路径驱动工业绿色增长机制的知识积累动态门槛效应及其时空异质性。研究表明：中国工业绿色增长整体水平较低，地区异质性显著；总体上，外部知识源化对工业绿色增长起到了正向作用，但其存在显著的知识积累异质门槛特征：知识积累一旦突破了临界规模，外部知识源化路径驱动工业绿色增长的正向效应则呈现减弱，且知识积累门槛时空分布存在较大差异。 相似文献
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能源、环境约束下的经济增长效率测评——以安阳市工业为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在综合考虑能源和环境因素的条件下,采用基于方向性距离函数的DEA模型和经济增长的四元分解模型对安阳市各地区2004—2010年的工业效率进行测算和评价,同时利用面板数据模型对全要素生产率影响因素进行计量分析。研究发现,安阳市各地区平均绿色全要素生产率虽实现了增长,但总体低于其传统值,并且地区内部差距也较大。通过工业经济增长源泉的分解发现,安阳市工业增长总体上是粗放的"要素驱动型"增长,绿色全要素生产率对工业产出的贡献份额仅为5%。基于上述结论,结合绿色全要素生产率影响因素的计量结果提出促进安阳市工业可持续发展的对策建议。 相似文献
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中国不同省份自然资源禀赋差异对经济增长的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
自然资源禀赋对经济增长来说是“财富”还是“魔咒”是一个存在争议的问题。首先将自然资源对经济增长所产生的影响区分为直接效应和间接效应,并以此为基础来构建理论模型,从理论上分析了自然资源对经济增长所产生直接、间接、总效应大小,以及不同因素对区域经济增长差异的相对影响;然后以中国30个省市的面板数据进行了实证检验,实证研究结果显示：自然资源禀赋在中国经济增长中既存在正面的直接效应也存在负面的间接效应,且负面效应总体上大于正面效应,但在不同省份存在较大的地区差异性;其负面效应主要通过降低投资、受教育水平、技术创新、对外开放度、法治水平而间接阻碍经济增长。中国不同省份自然资源禀赋差异能够一定程度解释经济增长所存在的地区差异性,但不是经济增长所存在的区域差异性的主要原因。 相似文献
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本文用基于非参数的Malmquist指数方法将全要素生产率(TFP)变动分解为技术进步和生产效率变化两个部分,运用该方法测算了中国改革以来整体工业生产率的变动趋势,并进一步探讨了地区之间工业TFP增长差异的特征。结果显示:改革开放以来,中国工业TFP的增长主要是由技术进步推动的,生产效率的下降对TFP的增长造成了不利影响。同时,东、中、西部地区之间工业TFP增长率也存在显著差异,地区技术进步程度的差异是造成地区工业TFP差距持续扩大的主要因素。 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献